实施工业领域碳达峰行动是实现“双碳”目标的重要任务，提升工业用水效率是实现工业低碳转型的关键，为2030年工业领域碳达峰奠定坚实基础。充分考虑现阶段工业绿色发展的“双碳”目标，将节水减排纳入投入产出指标体系，使用超效率SBM模型、Dagum基尼系数分解和收敛检验，研究2010~2021年长江经济带沿线省份工业用水效率、上中下游地区差距及收敛趋势。实证结果发现：（1）长江经济带沿线省份工业用水效率整体提升缓慢，浙江省、江苏省和上海市工业用水效率位列前三，四川省和云南省比较稳定，湖南省工业用水效率提升幅度较大，安徽省和贵州省则存在下降趋势；（2）长江经济带工业用水效率的总体差距、地区内差距均存在扩大趋势，上下游的地区间差距及波动幅度较大，且地区间与地区内差距的交互作用对总体差距的贡献程度最大；（3）长江经济带工业用水效率的σ收敛特征不明显，不同地区的离散程度并未随着时间的推移持续下降，仅在2020～2021年间存在短暂的收敛趋势；但在整个样本期内存在典型的绝对β收敛和条件β收敛特征，表明工业用水效率较低的地区在奋力缩小与较高地区之间的差距，同时各地区的工业用水效率最终会收敛于自身的稳态水平。因此，提升长江经济带工业用水效率，需要进一步提升工业技术创新能力、加快长江经济带区域一体化建设、推动工业绿色发展。

The implementation of industrial carbon peak action is an important task to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (double carbon) goals.Improving industrial water efficiency is the key to achieve industrial low-carbon transformation, which lays a solid foundation for the carbon peak of industry in 2030. This paper fully considered the task of carbon peaking in the industrial field at the present stage, and incorporated water conservation and emission reduction into the input-output index system. By using the super-efficiency SBM model, Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition and convergence test, this study investigated industrial water efficiency and identified the gaps among  the upper, middle and lower reaches of provinces along the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2021. The empirical results showed that: (1) the overall improvement of industrial water use efficiency was slow, where  Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces and Shanghai city ranked the top three. Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces showed relatively stable industrial water use efficiency.The industrial water use efficiency in Hunan Province was greatly improved.There existed a downward trend in industrial water use efficiency in Anhui and Guizhou provinces.(2) Both the overall gap and intra-regional gap of industrial water use efficiency demonstrated an enlarging trend.The upstream and downstream inter-regional gap and the fluctuation range were large. The interaction of inter-regional and intra-regional gap contributed the most to the overall gap. (3) The σ convergence characteristics of industrial water use efficiency were not obvious. The dispersion of different regions did not show a consistent decline over time. There was only a brief convergence trend from 2020 to 2021, but there were typical absolute β convergence and conditional convergence characteristics in the whole sampling period. This implied that the regions with low industrial water use efficiency were struggling to narrow the gap between those with high industrial water use efficiency. Meanwhile, the industrial water use efficiency of each region would eventually converge to its own steady-state level. Therefore, in order to improve industrial water use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, it is necessary to further enhance the ability of industrial technology innovation, accelerate the regional integration construction, and promote the industrial green development.