长江经济带耕地资源可持续利用对我国粮食安全战略具有重大意义。通过构建评价指标体系，运用耦合协调度模型与Dagum基尼系数，对2010~2020年长江经济带耕地利用效率与生态系统服务耦合协调度及其区域差异进行分析；运用空间杜宾模型与Shapley 值分解对耦合协调度区域差异成因进行量化分析。结果表明：（1）2010~2020年，耦合协调度表现为上游地区高于下游地区，全流域均不断增加，且下游地区增速快于上游地区；（2）耦合协调度的Dagum基尼系数整体呈下降趋势，上、中、下游地区区内差异不断缩小，区际差异不断扩大；（3）空间杜宾模型分析显示，直接效应方面，产业升级和政府财政支出对耦合协调度有显著负向影响；间接效应方面，人均收入和城镇化水平对耦合协调度有显著负向影响，而植被覆盖度有显著正向影响；（4）Shapley 值分解显示，人均收入和植被覆盖度是导致耦合协调度地区差异的主要原因，且其贡献率持续增大；城镇化水平的贡献率总体保持稳定。

The sustainable utilization of farmland resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is crucial for China's food security strategy. This study evaluated farmland utilization efficiency and ecosystem services in the region from 2010 to 2020, via employing an evaluation index system, a coupled coordination model, and the Dagum Gini coefficient. The coupling coordination and regional disparities were explore. This study also employed a spatial Durbin model and Shapley value decomposition to quantify regional differences. The findings revealed that: (1)Coupling coordination for 2010 to 2020 was higher in upstream than in downstream, showing a consistent basin-wide increase, with faster growth in the downstream. (2)The Dagum Gini coefficient exhibited an overall decreasing trend in coupling coordination, reducing intra-regional disparities within the upstream, middle, and downstream regions, while inter-regional disparities expanded. (3)The spatial Durbin model analysis highlighted the adverse direct effects of industrial upgrading and government fiscal expenditures on coupling coordination, and the indirect effects of per capita income and urbanization, along with a positive impact from vegetation coverage. (4)Shapley value decomposition identified that per capita income and vegetation coverage were the primary contributors to regional differences in coupling coordination, with a steadily growing influence, while the urbanization's contribution remained relatively stable.