区域水污染物排放总量分配方案的确定是关系到区域间公平协调、经济高效发展的关键。为兼顾效率与公平，取效率最优解集中距理想公平方案最小的解为最终方案，构建排污总量分配模型，测算江苏省各地级市“十四五”COD排污总量分配方案。结果表明：（1）COD历史排放量较大的盐城、徐州分配到了江苏省14.2%、12.1%的排污比例，是历史公平、发展公平的体现，二者承担全省18.5%、10.8%的减排任务，应证了“谁污染谁治理”的公平原则；（2）经济水平较高、单位排污产出较高的无锡、常州等地区排污分配量最终方案>公平方案，符合效率优先的要求。基于此，以COD排放削减率和人均GDP为依据将江苏省地级市划分为四类，分类探讨论可持续发展道路。

Regional total water pollutant allocation is the key to inter-regional equitable coordination and efficient economic development. In order to balance efficiency and equity, the optimal efficiency solution with the smallest distance from the ideal equity solution s taken as the final solution, thus the total emissions allocation model s constructed and the total COD allocation scheme s calculated for each prefecture-level city for the "14th Five-Year Plan". Results show that: (1) Yancheng and Xuzhou, which halarger historical COD emissions, allocated 14.2% and 12.1% of Jiangsu Province's emissions, which manifest historical and developmental equity, and they b18.5% and 10.8% of the province's emissions reduction quota, evidencing the principle of equity of "whoever pollutes governs"; (2) Wuxi and Changzhou, higher economical level and unit emission output, in line with the requirement of efficiency prioritization, as the final scheme of emission allocation s larger than the equity scheme. Based on this, Jiangsu Province prefecture-level cities divided into four categories based on COD emission reduction rate and per capita GDP, so as to separately explore and discuss the path of sustainable development.