苋科藜亚科植物沙蓬（Agriophyllum squarrosum）是一种未来作物。沙蓬种子俗称沙米，含有丰富的蛋白质、必需氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸等营养物质。淀粉占沙米粒重的43.85%以上。沙米淀粉颗粒为球形，表面光滑，平均粒径约1 μm，晶体结构为A型。沙米原生淀粉糊化黏度和糊化焓较高，热稳定性较好。湿热和超声处理后的沙米淀粉颗粒变粗糙，仍能保持A型晶型，糊化温度变高，热焓值降低，慢消化淀粉及抗性淀粉含量增加。沙米淀粉的结构和理化特性、功能属性及改性后的变化特征是沙米在食品及其他行业中综合开发利用的理论依据。

Agriophyllum squarrosum is a future crop belonging to Chenopodioideae Amaranthaceae. The seeds of A. squarrosum， also known as sand rice， contain rich nutrients， including protein， essential amino acids， and unsaturated fatty acids. Starch accounts for more than 43.85% of the weight of sand rice， and the starch granule is spherical and smooth， with an average diameter of 1 μm and an A-type crystal structure. The native sand rice starch has high pasting viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy， and good thermal stability. The granules of sand rice starch become coarser after heat-moisture and/or ultrasonic treatments， but still maintain the A-type crystal pattern. Accordingly， the pasting temperatures of the modified sand rice starches are increased， the gelatinization enthalpy values decreased， and the contents of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch increased. This manuscript briefly summarized the structural and physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of the native sand rice starch， as well as its property changes with different processing methods， and provided a theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of sand rice in food and other industries.