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王赕,男,1989年生,高级工程师,主要从事铀矿地质勘查、辐射环境研究等工作。E-mail:wangdan19890108@163.com |
收稿日期: 2025-02-12
修回日期: 2025-03-25
网络出版日期: 2025-11-06
基金资助
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2021AAC03475)
Analysis and evaluation of airborne absorbed dose rate from terrestrial gamma radiation in Yinchuan,Ningxia
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WANG Dan,male,born in 1989,senior engineer,focusing on uranium geological exploration and radiation environment research. E-mail:wangdan19890108@163.com |
Received date: 2025-02-12
Revised date: 2025-03-25
Online published: 2025-11-06
Supported by
Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2021AAC03475)
了解银川市内地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率水平现状,掌握地表γ辐射分布规律,评价居民外照射受照水平,逐步建立完善全市环境辐射本底数据库,为保障公众身体健康安全和城市建设发展提供技术支撑,为政府决策提供依据。采用网格法均匀布设测点开展银川地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率测量,总结银川不同行政区划、不同环境条件、不同土壤及材料的γ辐射剂量率水平,估算居民所受照射的有效剂量。调查结果表明:银川地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率(扣除宇宙射线响应后)平均48.67 nGy·h-1,与宁夏全区水平接近,低于全国水平。所造成的公众年照射有效剂量为0.30 mSv,低于中国陆地辐射人均年剂量(0.46 mSv),亦低于宁夏全区室外γ辐射剂量(0.55 mSv)。
关键词: 银川市; γ辐射空气吸收剂量率水平; 年有效剂量
王赕 , 马杰 , 窦志娟 , 李佐有 , 李园 . 宁夏银川地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率分析及评价[J]. 世界核地质科学, 2025 , 42(3) : 668 -675 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.03.017
In order to understand the current situation of the air absorption dose rate level from terrestrial γ-radiation in Yinchuan, master the distribution pattern of surface γ-radiation,evaluate the external exposure level of residents,gradually establish and improve the environmental radiation background database of the whole city of Yinchuan,Ningxia,and provide technical support for ensuring the health and safety of the public and the development of urban construction,and provide a basis for government decision-making, Evenly measuring grid method was used to cover the measurement area of the air absorption dose rate of surface γ-radiation in Yinchuan city. The dose rate levels of different administrative regions,different environmental conditions,different soils and materials in Yinchuan city were collected and summarized, the effective dose received by residents was estimated. The survey results indicate that the average terrestrial gamma radiation absorbed dose rate in Yinchuan (after deducting cosmic ray contributions) is 48.67 nGy·h-1,primarily attributed to 40K. This value closely aligns with the regional average in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region but is significantly lower than the national average. The resultant annual effective dose to the public is calculated as 0.30 mSv,which is lower than both the per capita annual dose from terrestrial radiation in China (0.46 mSv) and the outdoor gamma radiation dose in Ningxia (0.55 mSv).
表2 银川各区县地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率统计表Table 2 Terrestrial absorbed dose rate survey in different districts of Yinchuan |
| 测区 | 测点数/个 | 最大值/(nGy·h-1) | 最小值/(nGy·h-1) | 平均值/(nGy·h-1) | 标准偏差/(nGy·h-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 兴庆区 | 1 071 | 117.00 | 9.00 | 45.30 | 12.43 |
| 金凤区 | 1 036 | 90.00 | 9.00 | 45.10 | 13.80 |
| 西夏区 | 2 095 | 144.00 | 18.00 | 50.30 | 15.60 |
| 贺兰县 | 4 805 | 120.90 | 18.00 | 51.90 | 14.70 |
| 永宁县 | 3 323 | 90.20 | 9.00 | 46.80 | 11.60 |
表3 不同环境中地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率统计结果表Table 3 Statistical results of air absorbed surface gamma radiation dose rates in different environments |
| 测量对象 | 测点数/个 | 范围/(nGy·h-1) | 平均值/(nGy·h-1) | 标准偏差/(nGy·h-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 农田 | 4 846 | 18.00~110.40 | 50.30 | 13.63 |
| 林地 | 2 281 | 9.00~102.30 | 47.50 | 13.01 |
| 荒滩 | 2 145 | 18.00~102.30 | 51.70 | 15.48 |
| 草地 | 1 217 | 9.00~92.00 | 45.50 | 11.70 |
| 城区 | 482 | 9.00~90.00 | 46.70 | 14.65 |
| 村庄 | 195 | 18.00~92.00 | 52.20 | 15.81 |
| 工矿区 | 174 | 9.00~102.30 | 45.90 | 14.94 |
| 路面 | 777 | 9.00~101.20 | 44.40 | 14.65 |
| 农业大棚 | 209 | 27.00~83.70 | 55.00 | 12.21 |
注:路面主要为原野、农田间的交通道路数据(不统计城镇路面数据) |
表4 不同土壤及材料的γ辐射空气吸收剂量率统计结果表Table 4 Statistical results of air absorbed gamma radiation dose rates of different soil and materials |
| 测量对象 | 测点数/个 | 测值范围/(nGy·h-1) | 平均值/(nGy·h-1) | 标准偏差/(nGy·h-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 砂土 | 3 734 | 9.00~102.30 | 51.80 | 14.11 |
| 沙土 | 1 505 | 9.00~92.00 | 40.90 | 11.91 |
| 壤土 | 4 398 | 9.00~110.40 | 51.30 | 13.11 |
| 黏土 | 1 805 | 9.00~109.00 | 57.00 | 12.00 |
| 砂砾石 | 9 | 55.80~120.90 | 86.60 | 21.79 |
| 混凝土 | 595 | 9.00~101.20 | 44.10 | 10.97 |
| 沥青 | 236 | 9.00~92.00 | 36.50 | 12.83 |
| 石材 | 37 | 27.00~117.00 | 60.30 | 20.56 |
| 建筑垃圾 | 8 | 49.20~144.00 | 75.80 | 32.02 |
注:石材为天然岩石材料,主要为建筑外墙、地砖等使用的大理石、花岗岩等 |
表5 土壤中放射性核素U、Ra、Th和K比活度分析化验结果表Table 5 Analysis and test results of radionuclide U,Ra,Th,K in soil |
| 土壤类型 | 样品数 | 238U /(Bq·kg-1) | 232Th /(Bq·kg-1) | 40K /(Bq·kg-1) | 226Ra / (Bq·kg-1) | Raeq/ (Bq·kg-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范围 | 平均 | 范围 | 平均 | 范围 | 平均 | 范围 | 平均 | |||
| 黏土 | 35 | 23.2~47.6 | 37.50 | 2.9~41.6 | 31.00 | 417.3~619.9 | 535.50 | 20.9~44.5 | 34.90 | 116.70 |
| 沙土 | 34 | 14.5~39.1 | 26.40 | 1.2~37.3 | 23.00 | 233.4~635.8 | 423.80 | 13.4~36.6 | 24.40 | 86.90 |
| 砂土 | 10 | 26.5~34.1 | 30.60 | 6.4~34.6 | 27.30 | 364.8~674.9 | 521.90 | 24.1~31.2 | 28.30 | 103.90 |
| 壤土 | 23 | 24.1~49.2 | 34.80 | 1.7~41.4 | 24.70 | 285.2~580.5 | 472.10 | 22.1~46.2 | 32.30 | 100.70 |
| 全区 | 102 | 14.5~29.2 | 32.10 | 1.2~41.6 | 25.80 | 233.4~674.9 | 474.00 | 13.4~46.2 | 29.60 | 99.70 |
表6 γ辐射剂量率理论换算值与实测值对比表Table 6 Contrast of theoretical conversion vs. measured γ radiation dose rate |
| 土壤类型 | 样品数/ 个 | 理论换算值/(nGy·h-1) | 实测平均值/(nGy·h-1) | 偏差/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 238U | 232Th | 40K | 总和 | ||||
| 黏土 | 35 | 17.33 | 18.72 | 22.33 | 58.38 | 57.00 | +2.4 |
| 沙土 | 34 | 12.20 | 13.89 | 17.67 | 43.76 | 40.90 | +7.0 |
| 砂土 | 10 | 14.14 | 16.51 | 21.76 | 52.41 | 51.80 | +1.2 |
| 壤土 | 23 | 16.07 | 14.92 | 19.68 | 50.67 | 52.30 | -3.1 |
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