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张锦,男,1976年生,高级工程师,主要从事环保工程和环境影响评价工作。E-mail:254180476@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2025-03-25
修回日期: 2025-04-28
网络出版日期: 2025-11-06
基金资助
中国核工业地质局铀矿地质项目(202324-3)
Investigation results and analysis of radioactivity in water seepage of a decommissioned uranium tailing pond
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ZHANG Jin,male,born in 1976,senior engineer,focusing on environmental protection engineering and environmental impact assessment. E-mail:254180476@qq.com |
Received date: 2025-03-25
Revised date: 2025-04-28
Online published: 2025-11-06
Supported by
Central Financial Fund Project under the planning and jurisdiction of the China Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau(202324-3)
监测某退役铀尾矿库渗水中放射性核素的活度浓度,分析尾矿库在2020—2024年内渗水中的放射性核素活度浓度随时间的变化趋势,并调查渗水和监测井水中的放射性核素的相关性,以评价铀尾矿库渗水对周边地下水的辐射影响。调查结果表明,渗水中U天然范围介于15.1~397 μg·L-1之间,226Ra范围介于0.008~0.176 Bq·L-1之间,210Pb范围介于0.007~0.172 Bq·L-1之间,210Po范围介于0.004~0.021 Bq·L-1之间,226Ra、210Po和210Pb监测数据均未超过相应限值。监测井水中U天然范围介于0.21~2.98 μg·L-1之间,226Ra范围介于0.006~0.023 Bq·L-1之间,210Pb范围介于0.004~0.131 Bq·L-1之间,210Po范围介于0.002~0.011 Bq·L-1之间,总体处于当地本底水平。根据Mann-Kendall检验法评价结果,渗水中U天然和226Ra浓度无显著时间变化趋势,210Pb和210Po浓度随时间呈现下降趋势并趋于平稳。根据Spearman秩相关系数评价结果,渗水和监测井水中的U天然、226Ra、210Pb和210Po的Spearman秩相关系数ρs分别为0.314 3、0.074 4、0.939 5和0.460 5,监测井水中210Pb和210Po与渗水中210Pb和210Po存在显著正相关性。此次调查为监管部门和企业在后期对尾矿库的辐射环境监管提供数据支撑和监管依据,利于采取针对性强的监管对策。
关键词: 铀尾矿库; 渗水; 放射性核素; 监测; Mann-Kendall检验法; Spearman秩相关系数
张锦 , 钟春明 , 高翔 , 张鑫 . 某退役铀尾矿库渗水中放射性调查结果与分析[J]. 世界核地质科学, 2025 , 42(3) : 659 -667 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.03.016
This study monitored the activity concentrations of radionuclides in seepage water from a decommissioned uranium tailings pond,analyzed the temporal trends of radionuclide concentrations in seepage water from 2020 to 2024,and investigated the correlations between radionuclides in seepage water and monitoring well water to evaluate the radiological impact of seepage on surrounding groundwater. The results showed that the seepage water contained uranium at concentrations ranging from 15.1 to 397 μg·L-1,226Ra from 0.008 to 0.176 Bq·L-1,210Pb from 0.007 to 0.172 Bq·L-1,and 210Po from 0.004 to 0.021 Bq·L-1,levels of 226Ra,210Pb,and 210Po are all below regulatory limits. In monitoring well water,uranium concentrations ranged from 0.21 to 2.98 μg·L-1,226Ra from 0.006 to 0.023 Bq·L-1,210Pb from 0.004 to 0.131 Bq·L-1,and 210Po from 0.002 to 0.011 Bq·L-1,all consistent with local background levels. Analysis using the Mann-Kendall test revealed no significant temporal trends for uranium and 226Ra in seepage water,while 210Pb and 210Po concentrations exhibited declining trends and become stable. According to the evaluation results of Spearman correlation coefficient, the Spearman correlation coefficient ρs for uranium,226Ra,210Pb,and 210Po in the seepage water and monitoring well water were 0.314 3,0.074 4,0.939 5,and 0.460 5,respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between 210Pb and 210Po in monitoring well water and their counterparts in seepage water. These findings provided critical data and regulatory guidance for authorities and enterprises to strengthen radiation environmental monitoring and implement targeted management strategies, thereby mitigating potential risks to groundwater safety around uranium tailings facilities.
表1 监测方法、监测仪器及检出限Table 1 Monitoring methods,monitoring instruments and detection limits |
| 监测对象 | 监测项目 | 监测方法 | 监测仪器 | 检出限 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 渗水、监测井水 | 226Ra | 《水中镭-226 的分析方法:GB 11214—1989》[14] | PC-2100型镭氡分析仪 | 0.002 Bq·L-1 |
| U天然 | 《水质 65种元素的测定 电感耦合等离子体质谱法:HJ 700—2014》[15] | NexION 300X型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 | 0.04 μg·L-1 | |
| 210Po | 《水中钋-210 的分析方法:HJ 813—2016》[16] | 7200-4-1型低本底α能谱仪 | 0.001 Bq·L-1 | |
| 210Pb | 《水中铅-210 的分析方法:EJ/T 859—1994》[17] | MPC-9604型流气式低本底α、β测量仪 | 0.003 Bq·L-1 |
表2 尾矿库周边地表水、井水中U天然和226Ra本底值Table 2 Uranium and 226Ra background values in the surface water and well water around the tailings pond |
| 介质 | U天然测量结果/(μg·L-1) | 226Ra测量结果/(mBq·L-1) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | |
| 水体(湘江) | 0.05~10.5 | 1.35 | 0.50~22.54 | 2.72 |
| 井水 | 1.22~12.67 | 5.12 | 0.25~9.55 | 3.85 |
表3 渗水中放射性核素监测结果Table 3 Monitoring results of the radionuclides in seepage water |
| 年份/年 | U天然/(μg·L-1) | 226Ra/(Bq·L-1) | 210Pb/(Bq·L-1) | 210Po/(Bq·L-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | |
| 2020 | 15.1~353 | 116 | 0.008~0.022 | 0.013 | 0.085~0.172 | 0.116 | 0.011~0.021 | 0.015 |
| 2021 | 43.0~397 | 158 | 0.010~0.058 | 0.035 | 0.041~0.063 | 0.053 | 0.005~0.013 | 0.008 |
| 2022 | 57.2~251 | 118 | 0.009~0.034 | 0.016 | 0.030~0.055 | 0.038 | 0.005~0.009 | 0.006 |
| 2023 | 21.7~357 | 146 | 0.042~0.176 | 0.087 | 0.016~0.024 | 0.021 | 0.005~0.006 | 0.006 |
| 2024 | 39.0~341 | 168 | 0.011~0.021 | 0.014 | 0.007~0.014 | 0.010 | 0.004~0.005 | 0.005 |
表4 监测井水中放射性核素监测结果Table 4 Monitoring result of the radionuclides in water wells |
| 年份/年 | U天然/(μg·L-1) | 226Ra/(Bq·L-1) | 210Pb/(Bq·L-1) | 210Po/(Bq·L-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | |
| 2020 | 0.83~1.73 | 1.22 | 0.009~0.023 | 0.016 | 0.021~0.131 | 0.072 | 0.004~0.011 | 0.006 |
| 2021 | 0.45~0.87 | 0.59 | 0.007~0.019 | 0.011 | 0.013~0.021 | 0.017 | 0.004~0.009 | 0.006 |
| 2022 | 0.21~1.09 | 0.65 | 0.007~0.020 | 0.011 | 0.008~0.009 | 0.009 | 0.002~0.004 | 0.003 |
| 2023 | 1.11~2.98 | 2.21 | 0.006~0.021 | 0.013 | 0.005~0.007 | 0.006 | 0.002~0.004 | 0.003 |
| 2024 | 0.36~1.36 | 0.88 | 0.011~0.017 | 0.014 | 0.004~0.007 | 0.005 | 0.003~0.004 | 0.003 |
图1 2020—2024年渗水中放射性核素监测数据分布图Fig. 1 Distribution map of radionuclide monitoring data from 2020 to 2024 in seepage water |
表5 2020—2024年渗水中U天然、226Ra、210Pb和210Po Mann-Kendall检验法评价结果Table 5 Evaluation results of the Mann-Kendall trend test for U, 226Ra, 210Pb and 210Po in seepage water in 2020-2024 |
| 核素 | 监测数据 | 结论 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U天然 | 33.6,353,63.6,15.1,397,43.0,103,88.3,57.2,76.8,251,88.3,57.2,21.7,357,149,341,232,58.6,39.0 | 12 | 948 | 0.357 | 无显著趋势 |
| 226Ra | 0.009,0.008,0.022,0.014,0.032,0.010,0.058,0.039,0.009,0.010,0.011,0.034,0.042,0.042,0.176,0.088,0.012,0.021,0.011,0.013 | 16 | 950 | 0.50 | 无显著趋势 |
| 210Pb | 0.172,0.113,0.085,0.092,0.052,0.041,0.057,0.063,0.034,0.031,0.030,0.055,0.024,0.021,0.022,0.016,0.014,0.008,0.007,0.009 | -165 | 950 | -5.29 | 下降趋势 |
| 210Po | 0.021,0.014,0.011,0.012,0.007,0.006,0.005,0.013,0.005,0.006,0.005,0.009,0.005,0.006,0.005,0.006,0.004,0.005,0.005,0.005 | -94 | 561 | -3.99 | 下降趋势 |
表6 Spearman秩相关系数检验的 临界值Table 6 critical value of Sperrman correlation coefficient |
| 监测数据次数/n | 临界值 | 监测数据次数/n | 临界值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 1.000 | 13 | 0.484 |
| 5 | 0.900 | 14 | 0.464 |
| 6 | 0.829 | 15 | 0.443 |
| 7 | 0.714 | 16 | 0.429 |
| 8 | 0.643 | 17 | 0.414 |
| 9 | 0.600 | 18 | 0.401 |
| 10 | 0.564 | 19 | 0.391 |
| 11 | 0.536 | 20 | 0.380 |
| 12 | 0.503 | 21 | 0.370 |
表7 2020—2024年渗水和监测井水的Spearman秩相关系数Table 7 The Sperrman correlation coefficient for seepage water and monitoring wells in 2020-2024 |
| 次数 | 临界值 | Spearman秩相关系数 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U天然 | 结论 | 226Ra | 结论 | 210Pb | 结论 | 210Po | 结论 | ||
| 20 | 0.380 | 0.314 3 | 无显著相关 | 0.074 4 | 无显著相关 | 0.939 5 | 上升 | 0.460 5 | 上升 |
:对审稿专家和编辑老师的辛勤付出表示诚挚的感谢。
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