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郑植,男,2000年生,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:TBM滚刀破岩。 E-mail:zhengzhi0010@163.com |
收稿日期: 2025-04-21
修回日期: 2025-05-06
网络出版日期: 2025-11-06
基金资助
中核集团基础科研项目——完整极硬岩双滚刀协同破岩机理研究(CNNC-JCYJ-202307)
Study on rock fragmentation mechanism of Beishan granite under different worn cutters by indentation test
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ZHENG Zhi,male,born in 2000,master’s degree candidate,focusing on rock fragmentation by TBM disc cutters. E-mail:zhengzhi0010@163.com |
Received date: 2025-04-21
Revised date: 2025-05-06
Online published: 2025-11-06
Supported by
CNNC Basic Research Project-Study on the mechanism of rock fragmentation by double disc cutters in intact and extremely hard rock(CNNC-JCYJ-202307)
不同磨损量滚刀的破岩机理是TBM换刀的重要理论依据,为研究不同磨损量滚刀破岩时滚刀力与贯入度(侵入深度)的对应关系、破岩效率,并获得完整极硬岩条件下不同磨损量的单把滚刀破岩机理,采用不同刃宽表征不同磨损量,选择刃宽为17 mm的新刀与4种不同刃宽的平刃磨损刀对尺寸为420 mm×400 mm×500 mm北山花岗岩进行组合累次侵入破岩试验,并对各刀侵入试验全过程、侵入力、破岩体积及比能进行分析。试验结果表明:1)不论新刀或是磨损刀,在单次侵入岩石过程中,均先后经历岩石压密阶段和线性变形阶段,并不时出现力降现象。2)新刀以相同贯入度累次侵入岩石过程中,其最大侵入力和侵入力-侵入深度曲线线性阶段增长速率均呈现先升高、后降低的趋势。3)对于不同平刃磨损刀累次侵入,刃宽越大,其整个累次侵入过程中平均单位侵入深度所需侵入力也越大;而对于每把磨损刀,其单次侵入时单位侵入深度所需的侵入力在整个累次侵入过程均处于上下波动的状态,印证了侵入破岩是一个能量积蓄-能量释放-能量再次积蓄的一个循环往复过程。4)随着磨损刀刃宽增大,其总比能呈线性升高,侵入能力呈线性降低;本试验用于接续侵入的磨损刀中刃宽为18 mm破岩效率最高,侵入更容易。
郑植 , 马洪素 , 殷丽君 , 孙健 , 王驹 . 基于侵入试验的不同磨损滚刀下北山花岗岩破岩机理研究[J]. 世界核地质科学, 2025 , 42(3) : 618 -629 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.03.012
The rock fragmentation mechanism of worn disc cutters provides theoretical guidance for TBM cutter changing. To investigate the correlation between cutter force and penetration depth,evaluate rock fragmentation efficiency,and elucidate the fragmentation mechanism of single worn cutter in extremely hard rock conditions,different blade widths were utilized to represent different wear levels. This study employed sequential indentation tests using both a new cutter with blade width of 17 mm and worn cutters with different blade widths on Beishan granite specimens with dimension of 420 mm×400 mm×500 mm. The penetration process,force characteristics,rock fragmentation volume,and specific energy were systematically analyzed. The key findings include:1)Both new and worn cutters exhibited consistent rock failure phases - initial compaction followed by linear deformation,with intermittent force drops during single penetration, 2)During sequential penetrations with the same depth for the new cutter,both the maximum penetration force and the force growth rate in linear-deformation stage demonstrated an initial increase then decrease, 3)Worn cutters with larger blade widths required higher average force per unit penetration depth. For each kind of worn cutter,the force-depth ratio of each penetration showed fluctuating tendency during the whole sequential penetration process,confirming the cyclic process of energy accumulation,release and then re-accumulation, 4)Specific energy increased linearly with blade width while the penetration capability decreased correspondingly. The 18 mm-blade cutter exhibited optimal rock fragmentation efficiency and penetration performance in sequential penetration.
图1 侵入试验设备及新刀、磨损刀压头Fig. 1 Penetration testing equipment with indenters for new and worn disc cutters |
表1 不同磨损量滚刀压头刃型参数Table 1 Blade geometry parameters of disc cutter indenters with different wear |
| 刀头编号 | 刀刃角/(°) | 新刀刃宽/mm | 实际刃宽/mm | 磨损量/mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X17 | 10 | 17 | 17 | 0 |
| M18 | 17 | 18 | 4.15 | |
| M24 | 17 | 24 | 21.16 | |
| M27 | 17 | 27 | 29.67 | |
| M30 | 17 | 30 | 38.18 |
注:X—楔刃新刀;M—平刃磨损刀。 |
表2 北山花岗岩试样的物理力学指标Table 2 Physical-mechanical parameters of Beishan granite samples |
| 天然密度/(g·cm-3) | 弹性模量/GPa | 泊松比 | 单轴抗压强度/MPa | 抗拉强度/MPa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.61 | 44.3 | 0.20 | 141.7 | 7.4 |
表3 新刀每次侵入后的破碎坑及岩石碎片Table 3 Fracture pits and rock fragments after each penetration by new disc cutters |
| 侵入深度/mm-次序 | X17 |
|---|---|
| 0.5-1 | ![]() |
| 0.5-2 | ![]() |
| 0.5-3 | ![]() |
| 0.5-4 | ![]() |
| 0.5-5 | ![]() |
| 0.5-6 | ![]() |
表4 磨损刀不同侵入深度的破碎坑及岩石碎片Table 4 Fracture pits and rock fragments at different penetration depths for worn disc cutters |
| 贯入度/mm-次序 | M18 | M24 | M27 | M30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5-1 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 1.0-2 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 1.5-3 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 1.5-4 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 2.0-5 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 2.0-6 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
表5 磨损刀每次侵入的单位侵入深度所需侵入力及平均单位侵入深度所需侵入力Table 5 Penetration force per unit depth for each penetration of worn disc cutters and average penetration force per unit depth |
| 磨损刀 | 侵入次序 | 单位侵入深度所需侵入力/(kN·mm-1) | 平均单位侵入深度所需侵入力/(kN·mm-1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| M18 | 1 | 217.53 | 447.68 |
| 2 | 405.27 | ||
| 3 | 634.90 | ||
| 4 | 543.41 | ||
| 5 | 401.32 | ||
| 6 | 483.67 | ||
| M24 | 1 | 271.25 | 483.09 |
| 2 | 659.74 | ||
| 3 | 471.35 | ||
| 4 | 521.12 | ||
| 5 | 480.06 | ||
| 6 | 495.02 | ||
| M27 | 1 | 323.92 | 511.09 |
| 2 | 615.89 | ||
| 3 | 490.93 | ||
| 4 | 436.20 | ||
| 5 | 521.61 | ||
| 6 | 677.96 | ||
| M30 | 1 | 584.64 | 517.11 |
| 2 | 384.37 | ||
| 3 | 451.88 | ||
| 4 | 536.73 | ||
| 5 | 558.78 | ||
| 6 | 586.23 |
图4 4种磨损刀各次侵入单位侵入深度所需侵入力曲线图Fig. 4 Curves of penetration force per unit depth for each penetration of four worn disc cutters |
表6 磨损刀侵入试验数据Table 6 Penetration test data of worn disc cutters |
| 磨损刀 类型 | 贯入度/ mm | 破碎功/ J | 破碎体积/ cm3 | 总破碎功/ J | 总破碎体积/ cm3 | 总比能/ (kJ·cm-3) | 最终破碎坑深度/ mm | 侵入 能力 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M18 | 0.5 | 25.88 | 0.19 | 2 336.73 | 20.56 | 0.1136 | 6.07 | 0.733 |
| 1.0 | 165.88 | 0.75 | ||||||
| 1.42 | 496.60 | 2.25 | ||||||
| 1.5 | 468.40 | 2.06 | ||||||
| 2.0 | 568.25 | 8.66 | ||||||
| 1.86 | 611.72 | 6.65 | ||||||
| M24 | 0.5 | 47.72 | 0.39 | 2 411.84 | 18.11 | 0.1332 | 5.18 | 0.629 |
| 1 | 284.02 | 1.46 | ||||||
| 1.5 | 461.2 | 4.11 | ||||||
| 1.5 | 443.93 | 2.73 | ||||||
| 1.89 | 609.35 | 4.70 | ||||||
| 1.85 | 565.62 | 4.72 | ||||||
| M27 | 0.50 | 31.60 | 0.37 | 1 942.60 | 13.69 | 0.1419 | 4.53 | 0.599 |
| 1.00 | 277.46 | 1.37 | ||||||
| 1.50 | 429.67 | 3.40 | ||||||
| 1.50 | 360.27 | 2.69 | ||||||
| 1.73 | 446.67 | 2.56 | ||||||
| 1.33 | 396.93 | 3.30 | ||||||
| M30 | 0.50 | 73.70 | 0.16 | 2 081.37 | 14.63 | 0.1423 | 4.18 | 0.548 |
| 1.00 | 223.07 | 2.52 | ||||||
| 1.50 | 398.12 | 1.89 | ||||||
| 1.50 | 452.74 | 3.57 | ||||||
| 1.60 | 462.66 | 2.95 | ||||||
| 1.53 | 471.08 | 3.54 |
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