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李金鑫,男,1998年生,助理工程师,从事地震勘探找矿工作,E-mail:787234017@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2025-03-31
修回日期: 2025-05-07
网络出版日期: 2025-11-06
基金资助
中核铀资源地球物理勘查重点实验室(WDZC-2024-)
中国核工业地质局内蒙古通辽市胡力海-吉林省双辽市秀水地区地震勘探项目(202311-2)
内蒙古鄂尔多斯市新召-伊和乌素地区地震勘探项目(202401-10)
Application of one-way wave equation illumination analysis in the design of seismic observation system
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LI Jinxin,male,born in 1998,assistant engineer,focusing on seismic exploration for mineral prospecting. E-mail: 787234017@qq.com |
Received date: 2025-03-31
Revised date: 2025-05-07
Online published: 2025-11-06
Supported by
CNNC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Uranium Resource Geophysical Exploration(WDZC-2024-)
Seismic Exploration Project in the Hulihaixiushui area from Hulihai,Tongliao city,Inner Mongolia to Xiushui,Shuangliao city, Jilin province by China Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau(202311-2)
Seismic Exploration Project in the Xinzhao-Yihewusu area,Ordos city,Inner Mongolia(202401-10)
高品质的野外地震资料是实现地震数据精细处理与地质信息准确解释的基础,科学合理的观测系统设计是保障数据质量与成像效果的关键。传统观测系统在复杂地质构造区域中易出现能量覆盖不足与成像阴影,制约反射波的识别与目标构造的精细刻画。为提升地震勘探在复杂地质条件下的成像能力,围绕构造复杂区地震观测系统设计中的参数优化问题,基于单程波动方程照明分析方法开展系统研究。通过正向照明分析优化震源与接收点的布设方案,提升目标层的能量覆盖效率;进而结合反向照明分析,细化炮点加密范围、检波器排列长度及道间距配置,以实现更高效的能量接收与波场照明。在此基础上构建二维地质模型并开展正演模拟,对优化前后目标区域的照明能量分布进行定量对比,最终确定满足成像需求的采集参数。研究结果表明,优化后的观测系统在复杂构造区可有效减弱成像阴影,增强剖面连续性与反射能量响应,具有良好的适应性与工程可实施性。所提出的优化流程在实际工区应用并得到验证,表现出稳定的成像提升效果。成果验证照明分析技术在复杂地质条件下采集系统优化中的实用价值,构建了适用于断裂密集区、砂体发育带等目标的采集参数配置方法,为地震勘探提供可推广的设计依据与技术路径。
李金鑫 , 赵威 , 宁媛丽 , 杨晓柳 , 朱圣伟 , 王若雯 . 单程波动方程照明分析在地震观测系统设计中的应用[J]. 世界核地质科学, 2025 , 42(3) : 582 -595 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.03.009
High-quality field seismic data are fundamental to the refined processing of seismic signals and the accurate interpretation of geological information. A scientifically designed observation system is essential to ensure data quality and imaging effectiveness. In complex geological settings,traditional acquisition systems are prone to insufficient energy coverage and imaging shadow zones,which hinder the identification of reflection signals and the detailed delineation of target structures. To enhance seismic imaging performance under such conditions,this study conducts a systematic investigation into acquisition parameter optimization for observation systems in structurally complex areas,based on an illumination analysis approach using the one-way wave equation. Forward illumination analysis is first employed to optimize the layout of sources and receivers, thereby improving energy coverage over target horizons. Subsequently,reverse illumination analysis is used to refine shot point densification,receiver array length,and channel spacing,aiming to enhance energy acquisition and wavefield coverage. A two-dimensional geological model is constructed,and forward modeling is performed to quantitatively compare the illumination energy distribution before and after optimization,leading to the determination of acquisition parameters that meet imaging requirements. Results show that the optimized observation system effectively reduces imaging shadows in complex structural zones,improves profile continuity and reflection energy response,and exhibits strong adaptability and engineering feasibility. The proposed optimization workflow has been applied and validated in an actual survey area,demonstrating consistent improvements in imaging performance. This work confirmed the practical value of illumination-based analysis in the acquisition design for complex geological conditions and established a parameter configuration methodology suitable for fault-intensive zones and sand body development areas,which will provide a replicable design reference and technical path for future seismic exploration.
表1 工作区各地层地球物理模型参数Table 1 Geophysical model parameters of the various layers of the work area |
| 层位 | 双程时/ms | 均方根速度/(m·s-1) | 层速度/(m·s-1) | 深度/m | 主频/Hz |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 295 | 1 585 | 1 585 | 234 | 60 |
| T2 | 420 | 1 775 | 2 158 | 373 | 45 |
| T3 | 605 | 1 980 | 2 381 | 599 | 45 |
| T4 | 800 | 2 185 | 2 725 | 874 | 40 |
| T5 | 955 | 2 310 | 2 870 | 1 103 | 40 |
| T6 | 1 210 | 2 470 | 2 994 | 1 494 | 35 |
图2 道间距激发能量试验图a—道间距5 m激发能量;b—道间距10 m激发能量;c—道间距15 m激发能量;d—道间距20 m激发能量。 Fig. 2 Test diagram of channel spacing excitation energy a-Excitation energy with 5 m trace interval;b-Excitation energy with 10 m trace interval;c-Excitation energy with 15 m trace interval;d-Excitation energy with 20 m trace interval. |
图3 最大偏移距激发能量差异试验图a—2.0 km与2.4 km偏移距时差异值;b—2.0 km与2.2 km偏移距时差异值;c—2.0 km与1.8 km偏移距时差异值;d—2.0 km与1.6 km偏移距时差异值。 Fig. 3 Test diagram of energy difference for maximum offset distance excitation a-Difference between 2.0 km and 2.4 km offset;b-Difference between 2.0 km and 2.2 km offset;c-Difference between 2.0 km and 1.8 km offset;d-Difference between 2.0 km and 1.6 km offset. |
图10 基于照明分析观测系统优化前后对比图Fig.10 Comparison of observation system configurations before and after optimization based on illumination analysis |
图11 观测系统优化前后叠加剖面对比图Fig. 11 Comparison of stacked sections before and after observation system optimization |
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