Avian species diversity in the Xianyang Lake National Wetland Park, Shimen County, Hunan Province
Received date: 2024-06-28
Revised date: 2024-08-29
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
Understanding the baseline status of bird resources and species diversity in wetland parks is essential for the scientific conservation and management of wetland bird populations. Bird surveys were conducted in the Xianyang Lake National Wetland Park, Shimen, Hunan Province, using line transect and point count methods from January 2015 to October 2015 and from January 2020 to October 2021. During these periods, 195 bird species, belonging to 16 orders and 52 families, were recorded. This included 3 species of national first-class protected wildlife (Mergus squamatus, Aquila chrysaetos, and Emberiza aureola) and 26 species of national second-class protected wildlife (Cygnus columbianus, Aix galericulata, and Nettapus coromandelianus). The bird community comprised 100 resident species, 42 summer migrants, 33 winter migrants, and 20 passage migrants. Fauna analysis of 142 breeding bird species revealed 92 oriental species, 29 palearctic species, and 21 widespread species. The bird species diversity index was highest in spring (4.113) and lowest in winter (3.682). The evenness index was highest in winter (0.843) and lowest in summer (0.833), while the dominance index was highest in winter (0.034) and lowest in spring (0.024). Among different habitats, the bird species diversity index was highest in grassy wetlands (4.187) and lowest in reservoir wetlands (3.566). The evenness index was highest in broadleaf forests (0.882) and lowest in shrub-dominated flooded areas (0.822), and the dominance index was highest in shrub-dominated flooded areas (0.039) and lowest in riverine wetlands (0.021). These results indicate that the Xianyang Lake National Wetland Park in Shimen, Hunan Province, exhibits relatively high bird species diversity. However, the proportion of waterbirds is comparatively low, likely due to the unique characteristics of its water-forest composite ecosystem. It is recommended to further strengthen bird conservation and population management efforts within the wetland park and mitigate the impact of human activities.
Kang Yixin , Kang Zujie , He Chunrong , Tang Gengchao , Xiang Weidong , Li Dingkun , Luo Xu . Avian species diversity in the Xianyang Lake National Wetland Park, Shimen County, Hunan Province[J]. Wetland Science, 2025 , 23(2) : 397 -404 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240178
1 Distribution of bird survey lines and survey sites in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园鸟类调查样线、样点分布 |
1 Information of bird survey lines in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园鸟类调查样线信息 |
| 调查样线 | 起点坐标 | 终点坐标 | 海拔/m | 长度/km |
| X1 | 111°5′14″E,29°42′05″N | 111°05′35″E,29°42′01″N | 108~118 | 2.8 |
| X2 | 111°06′45″E,29°43′41″N | 111°07′22″E,29°45′50″N | 110~120 | 2.2 |
| X3 | 110°33′13″E,29°27′19″N | 110°33′50″E,29°27′13″N | 111~122 | 1.8 |
2 Information of bird survey sites in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园鸟类调查样点信息 |
| 调查样点 | 地理坐标 | 海拔/m |
| D1 | 110°57′11″E,29°45′31″N | 133 |
| D2 | 111°03′28″E,29°44′25″N | 132 |
| D3 | 111°06′16″E,29°45′09″N | 133 |
| D4 | 111°04′02″E,29°42′31″N | 114 |
| D5 | 111°04′51″E,29°44′52″N | 135 |
| D6 | 111°11′05″E,29°42′21″N | 140 |
| D7 | 111°14′17″E,29°40′09″N | 111 |
3 Number and proportion of birds in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园鸟类数量及比例 |
| 目 | 科 | 种 | 百分比/% |
| 雀形目Passeriformes | 31 | 110 | 56.41 |
| 鸻形目Charadriiformes | 4 | 14 | 7.18 |
| 鹈形目Pelecaniformes | 2 | 11 | 5.64 |
| 雁形目Anseriformes | 1 | 11 | 5.64 |
| 鹃形目Cuculiformes | 1 | 8 | 4.10 |
| 鹰形目Accipitriformes | 1 | 9 | 4.62 |
| 啄木鸟目Piciformes | 2 | 7 | 3.59 |
| 佛法僧目Coraciiformes | 2 | 5 | 2.56 |
| 鹤形目Gruiformes | 1 | 4 | 2.05 |
| 隼形目Falconiformes | 1 | 4 | 2.05 |
| 鸽形目Columbiformes | 1 | 3 | 1.54 |
| 鸡形目Galliformes | 1 | 3 | 1.54 |
| 䴙鹈目Podicipediformes | 1 | 2 | 1.03 |
| 鸮形目Strigiformes | 1 | 2 | 1.03 |
| 鲣鸟目Suliformes | 1 | 1 | 0.51 |
| 犀鸟目Bucerotiformes | 1 | 1 | 0.51 |
4 Diversity of avian communities in different habitats in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园不同类型生境中鸟类群落的多样性 |
| 生境 | 物种数/种 | 个体数/只 | 多样性 指数 | 均匀度 指数 | 优势度 指数 |
| 草滩湿地 | 158 | 5 144 | 4.187 | 0.827 | 0.024 |
| 河流湿地 | 137 | 4 088 | 4.171 | 0.848 | 0.021 |
| 库塘湿地 | 67 | 1 636 | 3.566 | 0.848 | 0.038 |
| 淹没区灌丛 | 93 | 1 595 | 3.727 | 0.822 | 0.039 |
| 阔叶林 | 57 | 742 | 3.567 | 0.882 | 0.037 |
5 Similarity index of avian communities between different habitats in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园不同类型生境之间鸟类群落相似性指数 |
| 生境 | 库塘湿地 | 库岛阔叶林 | 草滩湿地 | 淹没区灌丛 |
| 河流湿地 | 0.627 | 0.526 | 0.841 | 0.696 |
| 库塘湿地 | 0.677 | 0.578 | 0.663 | |
| 阔叶林 | 0.502 | 0.693 | ||
| 草滩湿地 | 0.677 |
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