Diversity and floristic analysis of wetland plants in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarkant River in Xinjiang
Received date: 2024-05-20
Revised date: 2024-10-18
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
To investigate and analyze the current status of plant resources and their floristic composition in the Wetland Nature Reserve in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yarkant River, Xinjiang, and thereby promote the coordinated development of regional ecosystems, an investigation was conducted in the Yonganba North Reservoir, Xiaohaizi Reservoir, Yonganba South Reservoir, and Qianjin Reservoir within the Wetland Nature Reserve of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yarkant River in Xinjiang. This comprehensive study employed both the line transect method and quadrat method to systematically examine five vegetation type groups across different reservoirs, specifically encompassing the broad-leaved forest vegetation type group, shrub and shrub-grass vegetation type group, desert vegetation type group, meadow vegetation type group, marsh and aquatic vegetation type group. Furthermore, the characteristics of plant community diversity in the main wetlands of the wetland nature reserve were analyzed using the Patrick richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou evenness index. The results showed that the wetland reserve contained a total of 39 families, 141 genera, and 217 species of vascular plants. Among these, angiosperms were the most abundant, accounting for 37 families, 139 genera, and 215 species, while pteridophytes and gymnosperms were the least represented, with each category comprising only 1 family, 1 genus, and 1 species. Among all vascular plants in the wetland reserve, Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae accounted for the highest proportion, both representing 16.59% of the total vascular plants, followed by Poaceae at 14.29%. These three families all held significant roles in the region’s vegetation. The distribution types of seed plant genera in the wetland reserve were dominated by temperate genera, while cosmopolitan genera accounted for the next highest proportion. The vegetation types in the wetland reserve were categorized into 6 vegetation types, 9 vegetation subtypes, and 42 formations, with the meadow vegetation type as the dominant type. Among these formations, notably, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (1.884) and Pielou evenness index (0.734) of the Apocynum pictum formation were significantly higher than those of other formations, while the Patrick richness index of the Tamarix ramosissima formation was the lowest at 5, and the Simpson dominance index of the Astragalus contortuplicatus formation was the lowest at 0.812. These findings provide foundational baseline data for the conservation of wetland vegetation diversity in the Yarkant River Basin and furnish essential scientific information to support the conservation of wetland ecosystems within the Xinjiang region.
Su Wenjing , Yang Meihua , Liu Changqing , Jiang Zhixian , Chen Yanran , Tian Qian , Chu Guangming . Diversity and floristic analysis of wetland plants in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarkant River in Xinjiang[J]. Wetland Science, 2025 , 23(6) : 1201 -1212 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240138
1 Composition of medium and large family plants in wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarkant River叶尔羌河中下游湿地植物中等科和大科的组成 |
| 科类别 | 科名称 | 种 | |
| 数量 | 占比/% | ||
| 中等科(6~9种) | 杨柳科(Salicaceae) | 6 | 2.76 |
| 十字花科(Brassicaceae) | 6 | 2.76 | |
| 莎草科(Cyperaceae) | 7 | 3.23 | |
| 柽柳科(Tamaricaceae) | 8 | 3.69 | |
| 蓼科(Polygonaceae) | 9 | 4.15 | |
| 大科(≥15种) | 豆科 | 19 | 8.76 |
| 禾本科 | 31 | 14.29 | |
| 苋科 | 36 | 16.59 | |
| 菊科 | 36 | 16.59 | |
2 Composition of plant family in wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarkant River叶尔羌河中下游湿地植物科的组成 |
| 科类别 | 科 | 种 | |||
| 数量 | 占比/% | 数量 | 占比/% | ||
| 单种科(含1种) | 18 | 46.15 | 18 | 8.29 | |
| 寡种科(2~5种) | 12 | 30.77 | 41 | 18.89 | |
| 中等科(6~9种) | 5 | 12.82 | 36 | 16.59 | |
| 较大科(10~14种) | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| 大科(≥15种) | 4 | 10.26 | 122 | 56.22 | |
| 合计 | 39 | 100.00 | 217 | 100.00 | |
3 Composition of plant genera in wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarkant River叶尔羌河中下游湿地植物属的组成 |
| 属类别 | 属 | 种 | |||
| 数量 | 占比/% | 数量 | 占比/% | ||
| 单种属(含1种) | 97 | 68.79 | 97 | 44.70 | |
| 寡种属(2~5种) | 43 | 30.50 | 114 | 52.53 | |
| 中等属(6~9种) | 1 | 0.71 | 6 | 2.76 | |
| 合计 | 141 | 100.00 | 217 | 100.00 | |
4 Distribution types of seed plants in wetlands in the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yarkant River叶尔羌河中下游湿地种子植物属的分布区类型 |
| 分布区类型和变型 | 保护区 | 中国 | ||||
| 属数/个 | 合计/个 | 非世界广布属占比/% | 属数/个 | 非世界广布属占比/% | ||
| 注:–表示此分布区类型在研究区内未出现;因表中第4列和第6列计算的是非世界广布属比例,而表格中第3行是世界分布区类型,所以不进行计算,用空白单元格表示。 | ||||||
| 1. 世界分布 | 29 | 29 | 107 | |||
| 2. 泛热带 | 16 | 16 | 14.41 | 304 | 14.74 | |
| 3. 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 | 1 | 1 | 0.90 | 78 | 3.78 | |
| 4. 旧世界热带 | 1 | 1 | 0.90 | 150 | 7.27 | |
| 7. 热带亚洲(印度–马来西亚) | 1 | 1 | 0.90 | 460 | 22.31 | |
| 8. 北温带 | 28 | 39 | 35.14 | 279 | 13.53 | |
| 8-4. 北温带和南温带(全温带)间断 | 9 | |||||
| 8-5. 欧亚和南美洲温带间断 | 2 | |||||
| 9. 东亚和北美洲间断 | 1 | 1 | 0.90 | 122 | 5.92 | |
| 10. 旧世界温带 | 11 | 17 | 15.32 | 167 | 8.10 | |
| 10-1.地中海区、西亚和东亚间断分布 | 2 | |||||
| 10-3. 欧亚和南部非洲(有时也在大洋洲)间断 | 4 | |||||
| 11. 温带亚洲分布 | 3 | 3 | 2.70 | 64 | 3.10 | |
| 12. 地中海区、西亚至中亚 | 19 | 22 | 19.82 | 148 | 7.18 | |
| 12-2. 地中海区至中亚和墨西哥间断 | 1 | |||||
| 12-3. 地中海区至温带、热带亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲间断 | 1 | |||||
| 12-4. 地中海区至热带非洲和喜马拉雅间断 | 1 | |||||
| 13. 中亚 | 4 | 9 | 8.11 | 115 | 5.58 | |
| 13-1. 中亚东部(亚洲中部) | 4 | |||||
| 13-2. 中亚至喜马拉雅和西藏 | 1 | |||||
| 14. 东亚分布 | – | 1 | 0.90 | 175 | 8.49 | |
| 14-2. 中国–日本 | 1 | |||||
| 合计 | 140 | 140 | 100 | 100 | ||
5 Types of vegetation in wetlands in the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yarkant River叶尔羌河中下游湿地植被类型 |
| 植被型组 | 植被型 | 植被亚型 | 群系 |
| 阔叶林植被型组 | 落叶阔叶林植被型 | 河岸落叶阔叶林植被亚型 | 灰胡杨群系 |
| 胡杨(Populus euphratica)群系 | |||
| 尖果沙枣(Elaeagnus oxycarpa)群系 | |||
| 灌丛和灌草丛植被型组 | 落叶阔叶灌丛植被型 | 温性落叶阔叶灌丛植被亚型 | 多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)群系 |
| 铃铛刺(Caragana halodendron)群系 | |||
| 荒漠植被型组 | 荒漠植被型 | 灌木荒漠植被亚型 | 膜果麻黄群系 |
| 黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)群系 | |||
| 半灌木、小半灌木荒漠植被亚型 | 红砂(Reaumuria songarica)群系 | ||
| 盐穗木(Halostachys caspica)群系 | |||
| 盐节木(Halocnemum strobilaceum)群系 | |||
| 草甸植被型组 | 草甸植被型 | 典型草甸植被亚型 | 拂子茅(Calamagrostis epigeios)群系 |
| 狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)群系 | |||
| 狗尾草(Setaria viridis)群系 | |||
| 苍耳(Xanthium strumarium)群系 | |||
| 柳叶旋覆花(Inula salicina)群系 | |||
| 猪毛菜(Salsola collina)群系 | |||
| 白花草木樨(Melilotus albus)群系 | |||
| 帚萹蓄(Polygonum argyrocoleon)群系 | |||
| 盐生草甸植被亚型 | 芨芨草(Neotrinia splendens)群系 | ||
| 苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)群系 | |||
| 花花柴(Karelinia caspia)群系 | |||
| 罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)群系 | |||
| 盐角草(Salicornia europaea)群系 | |||
| 碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)群系 | |||
| 小獐毛(Aeluropus pungens)群系 | |||
| 白麻(Apocynum pictum)群系 | |||
| 隐花草(Crypsis aculeata)群系 | |||
| 沼泽化草甸植被亚型 | 褐穗莎草(Cyperus fuscus)群系 | ||
| 旋鳞莎草(Cyperus michelianus)群系 | |||
| 环荚黄芪(Astragalus contortuplicatus)群系 | |||
| 两歧飘拂草(Fimbristylis dichotoma)群系 | |||
| 美丽百金花(Centaurium pulchellum)群系 | |||
| 扁秆荆三棱(Bolboschoenus planiculmis)群系 | |||
| 过江藤(Phyla nodiflora)群系 | |||
| 长芒稗(Echinochloa caudata)群系 | |||
| 沼泽和水生植被型组 | 沼泽植被型 | 草本沼泽植被亚型 | 芦苇(Phragmites australis)群系 |
| 宽叶香蒲(Typha latifolia)群系 | |||
| 两栖蓼(Persicaria amphibia)群系 | |||
| 水葱(Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)群系 | |||
| 水生植被型 | 沉水水生植被植被亚型 | 菹草(Potamogeton crispus)群系 | |
| 金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)群系 | |||
| 狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum)群系 |
6 Basic characteristics of dominant plant species in the Middle and Lower reaches Wetland of the Yarkant River叶尔羌河中下游湿地优势植物物种基本特征 |
| 科 | 属 | 优势种 | 伴生种 | 分布区域 |
| 金鱼藻科(Ceratophyllaceae) | 金鱼藻属(Ceratophyllum) | 金鱼藻 | 两栖蓼、狐尾藻、菹草等 | 各水库核心区 |
| 豆科(Fabaceae) | 百脉根属(Lotus) | 新疆百脉根 (Lotus frondosus) | 扁秆荆三棱、环荚黄芪、习见萹蓄(Polygonum plebeium)、柳叶旋覆花等 | 各水库缓冲区 |
| 黄芪属(Astragalus) | 环荚黄芪 | 扁秆荆三棱、新疆百脉根、蔺状隐花草等 | 永安坝北库、小海子水库、 前进水库缓冲区 | |
| 草木樨属(Melilotus) | 白花草木樨 | 芦苇、南方菟丝子(Cuscuta australis)、过江藤等 | 永安坝北库、前进水库缓冲区 | |
| 苜蓿属(Medicago) | 天蓝苜蓿 (Medicago lupulina) | 扁秆荆三棱、春蓼、过江藤、新疆百脉根等 | 前进水库、永安坝北库缓冲区 | |
| 蓼科 (Polygonaceae) | 蓼属 | 春蓼 (Persicaria maculosa) | 环荚黄芪、扁秆荆三棱、过江藤、 新疆百脉根等 | 小海子水库缓冲区 |
| 两栖蓼 | 狗尾草、芦苇、白麻等 | 永安坝北库、 小海子水库缓冲区 | ||
| 车前科(Plantaginaceae) | 车前属(Plantago) | 小车前 (Plantago minuta) | 过江藤、美丽百金花、两栖蓼、芦苇等 | 前进水库缓冲区 |
| 马鞭草科(Verbenaceae) | 过江藤属(Phyla) | 过江藤 | 南方菟丝子、美丽百金花、狗牙根等 | 小海子水库、永安坝南库、 前进水库缓冲区 |
| 菊科 | 苍耳属(Xanthium) | 苍耳 | 狗尾草、春蓼、长芒稗等 | 前进水库缓冲区 |
| 旋覆花属 | 柳叶旋覆花 | 过江藤、美丽百金花、芦苇、两栖蓼等 | 小海子水库、永安坝南库、 前进水库缓冲区 | |
| 眼子菜科(Potamogetonaceae) | 眼子菜属(Potamogeton) | 菹草 | 金鱼藻、两栖蓼、狐尾藻等 | 小海子水库、前进水库缓冲区和核心区 |
| 香蒲科(Typhaceae) | 香蒲属(Typha) | 宽叶香蒲 | 芦苇、水葱等 | 前进水库缓冲区 |
| 莎草科(Cyperaceae) | 莎草属(Cyperus) | 旋鳞莎草 | 扁秆荆三棱、褐穗莎草、环荚黄芪、 新疆百脉根等 | 小海子水库、永安坝南库、前进水库缓冲区 |
| 水葱属(Schoenoplectus) | 水葱 | 芦苇、扁秆荆三棱、蔺状隐花草等 | 永安坝南库、前进水库缓冲区 | |
| 三棱草属(Bolboschoenus) | 扁秆荆三棱 | 芦苇、长芒稗、褐穗莎草等 | 小海子水库、前进水库缓冲区 | |
| 禾本科(Poaceae) | 稗属 | 长芒稗 | 水葱、狗尾草、春蓼、苍耳等 | 永安坝南库、前进水库缓冲区 |
| 芦苇属(Phragmites) | 芦苇 | 白麻、褐穗莎草、蔺状隐花草等 | 各水库试验区、缓冲区外围 | |
| 隐花草属 (Crypsis) | 蔺状隐花草 (Crypsis schoenoides) | 两歧飘拂草、扁秆荆三棱、过江藤、 美丽百金花等 | 永安坝南库、小海子水库、永安坝北库缓冲区 | |
| 夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae) | 罗布麻属 (Apocynum) | 白麻 | 芦苇、白花草木樨、柳叶旋覆花、 新疆百脉根等 | 小海子水库、永安坝南库 缓冲区 |
7 Diversity index values of main groups in the Middle and Lower reaches Wetland of the Yarkant River叶尔羌河中下游湿地主要植物群系的多样性指数 |
| 群系名称 | Patrick丰富度指数 | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 | Simpson 优势度指数 | Pielou均匀度指数 |
| 多枝柽柳群系 | 5 | 0.485 | 0.970 | 0.302 |
| 水葱群系 | 6 | 0.678 | 0.835 | 0.378 |
| 扁秆荆三棱群系 | 7 | 0.884 | 0.814 | 0.454 |
| 芦苇群系 | 10 | 1.427 | 0.858 | 0.620 |
| 狗牙根群系 | 11 | 1.614 | 0.825 | 0.673 |
| 宽叶香蒲群系 | 7 | 1.006 | 0.827 | 0.517 |
| 苍耳群系 | 9 | 1.436 | 0.846 | 0.654 |
| 美丽百金花群系 | 10 | 1.581 | 0.863 | 0.687 |
| 苦豆子群系 | 7 | 0.861 | 0.905 | 0.443 |
| 两栖蓼群系 | 8 | 1.181 | 0.815 | 0.568 |
| 白麻群系 | 13 | 1.884 | 0.892 | 0.734 |
| 白花草木樨群系 | 10 | 1.401 | 0.930 | 0.608 |
| 柳叶旋覆花群系 | 9 | 1.259 | 0.925 | 0.573 |
| 环荚黄芪群系 | 12 | 1.550 | 0.812 | 0.624 |
| 两歧飘拂草群系 | 10 | 1.595 | 0.852 | 0.693 |
| 过江藤群系 | 9 | 1.401 | 0.832 | 0.638 |
| 帚萹蓄群系 | 9 | 1.200 | 0.848 | 0.546 |
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