Species diversity and ecological application of nectar plants in Haizhu National Wetland Park, Guangzhou City
Received date: 2024-01-31
Revised date: 2024-04-25
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
Nectar plants have great potential use value, and they are also important components of urban ecosystem. In order to identify the diversity of nectar plant species in the area and the important functions in ecosystem construction, we carried out extensive field work and analysis on the diversity of nectar plant species of Haizhu National Wetland Park of Guangzhou City. A total of 71 species of nectar plants were recorded, belonging to 48 genera and 61 families. Among them, there were 11 species (belonging to 9 families 10 genera) of major nectar plants, and 60 species (39 families 51 genera) of auxiliary nectar plants. At the families level, Rosaceae (7 species) and Myrtaceae (6 species) were the dominant components. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of main nectar plants in different seasons based on the different flowering periods in four seasons. However, the auxiliary nectar plants were mainly distributed in spring and summer, both accounting for 43.33% of the total auxiliary nectar plants species. In terms of life form, the main nectar plants were mainly arbors, including 8 species of arbors, 2 species of herbs and 1 species of vine. Among the auxiliary nectar plants, there were 30 species of trees (50.0% of the total auxiliary nectar plants species), 7 species of shrubs (11.67%), 17 species of herbs (28.33%), and 6 species of vines (10.0%). It was suggested that 1 genus and 27 species of commonly distributed local of nectar plants should be added to this wetland park, and 6 configuration modes of plant community dominated by nectar plants were constructed based on the local zonal plant community structure. The results will be benifit for the conservation and sustainable utilization of urban biodiversity in this area.
Chen Zhibin , Zhao Zixian , Pan Jiacheng , Fan Cunxiang , Zhang Rongjing . Species diversity and ecological application of nectar plants in Haizhu National Wetland Park, Guangzhou City[J]. Wetland Science, 2025 , 23(5) : 1068 -1075 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240040
1 Species diversity of major nectar plants in Haizhu National Wetland Park, Guangzhou City广州海珠国家湿地公园主要蜜源植物种类 |
| 序号 | 物种名 | 花期 | 主要泌蜜季节 | 生活型 |
| 1 | 龙眼Dimocarpus longan | 3–6月 | 春季(3–5月) | 乔木 |
| 2 | 荔枝Litchi chinensis | 2–4月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 3 | 油菜Brassica napus | 3–4月 | 春季 | 草本 |
| 4 | 柿Diospyros kaki | 5月 | 夏季(6–8月) | 乔木 |
| 5 | 山乌桕Sapium discolor | 6–7月 | 夏季 | 乔木 |
| 6 | 乌桕Sapium sebiferum | 5–7月 | 夏季 | 乔木 |
| 7 | 向日葵Eucalyptus citriodora | 7–9月 | 秋季(9–11月) | 草本 |
| 8 | 甘薯Ipomoea batatas | 6–9月 | 秋季 | 藤本 |
| 9 | 鹅掌柴Heptapleurum heptaphyllum | 11–12月 | 冬季(12–翌年2月) | 乔木 |
| 10 | 枇杷Eriobotrya japonica | 11–12月 | 冬季 | 乔木 |
| 11 | 柠檬桉Eucalyptus citriodora | 11月–次年2月 | 冬季 | 乔木 |
2 Species diversity of auxiliary nectar plants in Haizhu National Wetland Park, Guangzhou City广州海珠国家湿地公园辅助蜜源植物种类 |
| 序号 | 物种名 | 花期 | 主要泌蜜季节 | 生活型 |
| 1 | 台湾相思Acacia confusa | 4–5月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 2 | 梅Armeniaca mume | 1–2月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 3 | 秋枫Bischofia javanica | 3–4月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 4 | 木棉Bombax ceiba | 2–3月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 5 | 构树Broussonetia papyifera | 3–4月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 6 | 柠檬Citrus limon | 2–3月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 7 | 柚子Citrus maxima | 3–4月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 8 | 甜橙Citrus sinensis | 3–5月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 9 | 黄皮Clausena lansium | 3–4月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 10 | 金柑Fortunella japonica | 4–5月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 11 | 铁冬青Ilex rotunda | 3–6月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 12 | 枫香Liquidambar formosana | 2–4月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 13 | 蒲葵Livistona chinensis | 4–5月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 14 | 楝Melia azedarach | 3–5月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 15 | 桑Morus alba | 3–5月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 16 | 杨梅Myrica rubra | 3–4月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 17 | 湿地松Pinus elliottii | 3–4月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 18 | 马尾松Pinus massoniana | 3–4月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 19 | 香蕉梨Pyrus communis × Pyrus bretschneideri | 3–5月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 20 | 沙梨Pyrus pyrifolla | 4–5月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 21 | 柳树Salix sp. | 2–3月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 22 | 海南蒲桃Syzygium hainanense | 4月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 23 | 蒲桃Syzygium jambos | 4月 | 春季 | 乔木 |
| 24 | 桃Amygdalus persica | 2–5月 | 春季 | 灌木 |
| 25 | 荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris | 3–4月 | 春季 | 草本 |
| 26 | 蔊菜Rorippa indica | 3–7月 | 春季 | 草本 |
| 27 | 橄榄Canarium album | 5–6月 | 夏季 | 乔木 |
| 28 | 白千层Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana | 7–8月 | 夏季 | 乔木 |
| 29 | 番石榴Psidium guajava | 5–6月 | 夏季 | 乔木 |
| 30 | 无患子Sapindus mukorossi | 4–6月 | 夏季 | 乔木 |
| 31 | 水翁Syzygium nervosum | 6–7月 | 夏季 | 乔木 |
| 32 | 番木瓜Carica papaya | 3–7月 | 夏季 | 灌木 |
| 33 | 含羞草Mimosa pudica | 3–7月 | 夏季 | 灌木 |
| 34 | 南天竺Nandina domestica | 5–7月 | 夏季 | 灌木 |
| 35 | 安石榴Punica granatum | 5–6月 | 夏季 | 灌木 |
| 36 | 金盏银盘Bidens biternata | 8–9月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 37 | 青葙Celosia argentea | 6–9月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 38 | 蛇莓Duchesnea indica | 6–8月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 39 | 草莓Fragaria ananassa | 5–6月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 40 | 益母草Leonurus japonicus | 6–9月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 41 | 香蕉Musa nana | 5–8月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 42 | 莲Nelumbo nucifera | 6–7月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 43 | 睡莲Nymphaea tetragona | 3–6月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 44 | 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea | 6–7月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 45 | 蓖麻Ricinus communis | 5–10月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 46 | 田菁Sesbania cannabina | 8–9月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 47 | 醉蝶花Tarenaya hassleriana | 7–9月 | 夏季 | 草本 |
| 48 | 猕猴桃Actinidia chinensis | 6–7月 | 夏季 | 藤本 |
| 49 | 南瓜Cucurbita moschata | 7–8月 | 夏季 | 藤本 |
| 50 | 忍冬Lonicera japonica | 5–6月 | 夏季 | 藤本 |
| 51 | 龙珠果Passiflora foetida | 4–5月 | 夏季 | 藤本 |
| 52 | 葡萄Vitis vinifera | 5–6月 | 夏季 | 藤本 |
| 53 | 水蓼Polygonum hydropiper | 9–10月 | 秋季 | 草本 |
| 54 | 酢浆草Oxalis corniculata | 2–9月 | 春–秋季 | 草本 |
| 55 | 地桃花Urena lobata | 7–12月 | 夏–冬季 | 灌木 |
| 56 | 水葫芦Eichhornia crassipes | 5–11月 | 秋–冬季 | 水生草本 |
| 57 | 常春藤Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis | 9–11月 | 秋–冬季 | 藤本 |
| 58 | 木薯Manihot esculenta | 10–11月 | 秋–冬季 | 灌木 |
| 59 | 杧果Mangifera indica | 12月–次年5月 | 冬–春季 | 乔木 |
| 60 | 阳桃Averrhoa carambola | 4–12月 | 四季 | 乔木 |
3 Recommend adding native nectar source plant species for cultivation in Guangzhou Haizhu National Wetland Park推荐在广州海珠国家湿地公园增加栽培的乡土蜜源植物种类 |
| 序号 | 科名 | 种名 | 蜜源植物类型 | 花期 | 生活型 |
| 1 | 樟科Lauraceae | 香叶树Lindera communis | 辅助蜜源植物 | 3–4月 | 乔木 |
| 2 | 樟科Lauraceae | 山鸡椒Litsea cubeba | 辅助蜜源植物 | 2–3月 | 乔木 |
| 3 | 五桠果科Dilleniaceae | 大花五桠果Dillenia turbinata | 辅助蜜源植物 | 4–5月 | 乔木 |
| 4 | 天料木科Flacourtiaceae | 红花天料木Homalium ceylanicum | 辅助蜜源植物 | 4–6月 | 乔木 |
| 5 | 山茶科Theaceae | 柃属Eurya sp. | 主要蜜源植物 | 11–12月 | 灌木 |
| 6 | 山茶科Theaceae | 木荷Schima superba | 辅助蜜源植物 | 4–7月 | 乔木 |
| 7 | 桃金娘科Myrtaceae | 岗松Baeckea frutescens | 辅助蜜源植物 | 5–7月 | 灌木 |
| 8 | 金丝桃科Hypericaceae | 黄牛木Cratoxylum cochinchinense | 辅助蜜源植物 | 4–5月 | 乔木 |
| 9 | 杜英科Elaeocarpaceae | 猴欢喜Sloanea sinensis | 辅助蜜源植物 | 9–11月 | 乔木 |
| 10 | 梧桐科Sterculiaceae | 山芝麻Helicteres angustifolia | 辅助蜜源植物 | 几乎全年 | 灌木 |
| 11 | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 红背山麻杆Alchornea trewioides | 辅助蜜源植物 | 3–5月 | 灌木 |
| 12 | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 白背叶Mallotus apelta | 辅助蜜源植物 | 6–9月 | 灌木 |
| 13 | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 余甘子Phyllanthus emblica | 辅助蜜源植物 | 4–7月 | 灌木 |
| 14 | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 石斑木Rhaphiolepis indica | 辅助蜜源植物 | 4月 | 灌木 |
| 15 | 芸香科Rutaceae | 飞龙掌血Toddalia asiatica | 辅助蜜源植物 | 5–8月 | 木质藤本 |
| 16 | 芸香科Rutaceae | 两面针Zanthoxylum nitidum | 辅助蜜源植物 | 3–5月 | 木质藤本 |
| 17 | 漆树科Anacardiaceae | 盐肤木Rhus chinensis | 辅助蜜源植物 | 8–9月 | 乔木 |
| 18 | 蓝果树科Nyssaceae | 喜树Camptotheca acuminata | 辅助蜜源植物 | 5–7月 | 乔木 |
| 19 | 山矾科Symplocaceae | 光叶山矾Symplocos lancifolia | 辅助蜜源植物 | 3–11月 | 乔木 |
| 20 | 山矾科Symplocaceae | 白檀Symplocos tanakana | 辅助蜜源植物 | 5–7月 | 灌木 |
| 21 | 马钱科Loganiaceae | 醉鱼草Buddleja lindleyana | 辅助蜜源植物 | 4–11月 | 草本 |
| 22 | 茜草科Rubiaceae | 水锦树Wendlandia uvariifolia | 辅助蜜源植物 | 1–5月 | 乔木 |
| 23 | 唇形花科Lamiaceae | 广防风Anisomeles indica | 辅助蜜源植物 | 8–9月 | 草本 |
| 24 | 唇形花科Lamiaceae | 薄荷Mentha canadensis | 辅助蜜源植物 | 7–9月 | 草本 |
| 25 | 唇形花科Lamiaceae | 石荠苎Mosla scabra | 辅助蜜源植物 | 5–11月 | 草本 |
| 26 | 禾本科Poaceae | 蔓莠竹Microstegium fasciculatum | 辅助蜜源植物 | 9–11月 | 草本 |
| 27 | 禾本科Poaceae | 芒Miscanthus sinensis | 辅助蜜源植物 | 7–12月 | 草本 |
| 28 | 禾本科Poaceae | 竹叶草Oplismenus compositus | 辅助蜜源植物 | 9–11月 | 草本 |
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