Investigation and Flora Analysis of Vascular Plant of Mudflat Wetlands in Anqing Section of the Yangtze River
Received date: 2024-01-07
Revised date: 2024-02-24
Online published: 2025-08-14
Copyright
Mudflats vegetation is important spawning medium and place for fish, which is closely related to the bait for Yangtze finless porpoise. Investigating the distribution of plant resources in the mudflat wetlands were important foundation and prerequisite for evaluating and managing the habitat status of the Yangtze finless porpoise. In the Anqing section of the Yangtze River mudflat wetland, the wild vascular plants were investigated using the combination of sample lines and sample plots surveys method to explore the composition characteristics and flora types, from April to October, 2023. The results showed that 58 families, 164 genera and 242 species of vascular plants were recorded in the mudflat wetland. Among theme, there exist ferns plants of 6 families, 7 genera and 7 species, gymnosperms plants of 1 families, 1 genera and 1 species, Angiospermae plants of 51 families and 156 genera and 234 species. Asteraceae, Poaceae and Cyperaceae are the dominant families, containing 35 species, 32 species and 27 species respectively, and the dominant genera are not obvious. The area-types of families of mudflats wild vascular plants were divided into 4 areal types and 1 subtypes, that of genera were divided into 12 areal types and 5 subtypes. And it also shows obvious concealment and the dual nature of tropical and temperate zone. In general, the mudflats wetlands in the Anqing section of the Yangtze River have a high level of vascular plant species diversity, and the natural area with large plant cover. Higher vegetation coverage not only to improve water quality of the Yangtze River, but also provides a suitable breeding and spawning ground for many fish, which own positive significance to maintain the food resources and habitat for the Yangtze finless porpoise.
LUO Laikai , CHENG Ying , YANG Yanfang , WU Jianan , XIAO Jingjing , ZHAO Kai . Investigation and Flora Analysis of Vascular Plant of Mudflat Wetlands in Anqing Section of the Yangtze River[J]. Wetland Science, 2024 , 22(6) : 940 -949 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2024.06.013
1 长江安庆段滩涂湿地各样线植物多度和植被覆盖度Plant abundance and vegetation cover at each sample line of mudflat wetlands in the Anqing section of the Yangtze River |
| 样点名称 | 样点中心坐标 | 样线编号 | 样线长度/km | 样线植株多度/株 | 样线平均盖度/% |
| 汇口 | 29°47′29″N,116°15′13″E | 1 | 2.53 | 2 217 | 84.16 |
| 三号洲 | 29°53′24″N,116°29′25″E | 2 | 4.55 | 2 844 | 95.86 |
| 小孤山 | 29°55′49″N,116°32′55″E | 3 | 2.42 | 2 415 | 86.67 |
| 棉船洲 | 30°3′44″N,116°35′48″E | 4 | 4.09 | 2 605 | 87.26 |
| 玉带洲 | 30°12′45″N,116°52′45″E | 5 | 4.76 | 5 459 | 99.70 |
| 官洲 | 30°23′1″N,116°54′15″E | 6 | 3.34 | 4 872 | 97.47 |
| 七里湖 | 30°30′42″N,116°58′5″E | 7 | 4.13 | 4 507 | 97.76 |
| 鹅毛洲 | 30°29′22″N,117°9′54″E | 8 | 4.80 | 2 383 | 84.44 |
| 李圩拐 | 30°35′45″N,117°13′43″E | 9 | 3.28 | 4 898 | 98.38 |
| 平均值 | — | — | 3.77 | 3 577.78 | 92.41 |
2 长江安庆段滩涂湿地维管植物统计Statistics of vascular plants of mudflat wetlands in the Anqing section of the Yangtze River |
| 类群 | 科数/科 | 属数/属 | 种数/种 | 百分比/% | |
| 蕨类植物 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 2.89 | |
| 裸子植物 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.41 | |
| 被子植物 | 单子叶植物 | 10 | 39 | 70 | 28.93 |
| 双子叶植物 | 41 | 117 | 164 | 67.77 | |
| 合计 | 58 | 164 | 242 | 100.00 | |
3 长江安庆段维管植物的科的大小排列顺序The arrangement of the families of vascular plants in in the mudflat wetlands of Anqing section of Yangtze River |
| 科名 | 属数 | 种数 | 等级 | 科名 | 属数 | 种数 | 等级 |
| 菊科Asteraceae | 25 | 35 | 大科 | 楝科Meliaceae | 1 | 1 | |
| 禾本科Poaceae | 22 | 32 | 柏科Cupressaceae | 1 | 1 | 单种科 | |
| 莎草科Cyperaceae | 8 | 27 | 较大科 | 大麻科Cannabaceae | 1 | 1 | |
| 豆科 Fabaceae | 8 | 12 | 灯芯草科Juncaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 蓼科 Polygonaceae | 3 | 11 | 凤尾蕨科Pteridaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 唇形科Lamiaceae | 7 | 8 | 中型科 | 海金沙科Lygodiaceae | 1 | 1 | |
| 苋科Amaranthaceae | 5 | 8 | 葫芦科Cucurbitaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 伞形科 Apiaceae | 6 | 7 | 景天科Crassulaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 十字花科 Brassicaceae | 3 | 7 | 爵床科Acanthaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 旋花科Convolvulaceae | 5 | 6 | 碗蕨科Dennstaedtiaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 车前科Plantaginaceae | 2 | 5 | 寡种科 | 马齿苋科Portulacaceae | 1 | 1 | |
| 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 2 | 5 | 牻牛儿苗科Geraniaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 锦葵科Malvaceae | 4 | 4 | 木贼科Equisetaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 毛茛科Ranunculaceae | 2 | 4 | 蘋科Marsileaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 茜草科Rubiaceae | 2 | 4 | 瓶尔小草科Ophioglossaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 4 | 4 | 葡萄科Vitaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 桑科Moraceae | 4 | 4 | 千屈菜科Lythraceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 报春花科Primulaceae | 1 | 3 | 商陆科Phytolaccaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 茄科Solanaceae | 3 | 3 | 水鳖科Hydrocharitaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 柳叶菜科Onagraceae | 2 | 3 | 睡菜科Menyanthaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 母草科Linderniaceae | 1 | 3 | 粟米草科Molluginaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 石竹科Caryophyllaceae | 3 | 4 | 通泉草科Mazaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 槐叶蘋科Salviniaceae | 2 | 2 | 梧桐科Sterculiaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 马鞭草科Verbenaceae | 2 | 2 | 鸭跖草科Commelinaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 天南星科Araceae | 2 | 2 | 杨柳科Salicaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 香蒲科Typhaceae | 2 | 2 | 罂粟科Papaveraceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 榆科Ulmaceae | 2 | 2 | 雨久花科Pontederiaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 叶下珠科Phyllanthaceae | 2 | 2 | 紫草科Boraginaceae | 1 | 1 | ||
| 眼子菜科Potamogetonaceae | 1 | 2 | 酢浆草科Oxalidaceae | 1 | 1 |
4 长江安庆段滩涂湿地维管植物科的组成Family composition of vascular plant in the mudflat wetlands of Anqing section of Yangtze River |
| 级别 | 科 | 属 | 种 | |||
| 数量 | 比例/% | 数量 | 比例/% | 数量 | 比例/% | |
| 大科(含31种以上) | 2 | 3.45 | 47 | 28.66 | 67 | 27.69 |
| 较大科(含11~30种) | 3 | 5.17 | 19 | 11.59 | 50 | 20.66 |
| 中等科(含6~10种) | 5 | 8.62 | 26 | 15.85 | 36 | 14.88 |
| 寡种科(含2~5种) | 19 | 32.76 | 43 | 26.22 | 60 | 24.79 |
| 单种科(仅含1种) | 29 | 50.00 | 29 | 17.68 | 29 | 11.98 |
| 合计 | 58 | 100.00 | 164 | 100.00 | 242 | 100.00 |
5 长江安庆段滩涂湿地维管植物属的组成Genera composition of vascular plant in the Mudflat Wetlands of Anqing Section of Yangtze River |
| 级别 | 属 | 种 | ||
| 数量 | 比例/% | 数量 | 比例/% | |
| 大属(含20种以上) | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 较大属(含10~19种) | 1 | 0.06 | 13 | 5.37 |
| 中等属(含6~9种) | 1 | 0.06 | 6 | 2.48 |
| 寡种属(含2~5种) | 36 | 21.95 | 98 | 40.50 |
| 单种属(仅含1种) | 126 | 76.83 | 125 | 51.65 |
| 合计 | 164 | 100.00 | 242 | 100.00 |
6 长江安庆段滩涂湿地植物科与属的分布区类型Distribution area types of plant families and genera in the mudflat wetlands of the Anqing section of the Yangtze River |
| 分布区类型 | 科数 /科 | 占比 /% | 属数 /属 | 占比 /% |
| 1世界分布 | 39 | 66.24 | 39 | 23.78 |
| 2泛热带分布 | 11 | 19.97 | 44 | 26.83 |
| 3热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 | 1 | 1.72 | 3 | 1.83 |
| 4旧世界热带分布 | 0 | 0.00 | 9 | 5.49 |
| 5热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.83 |
| 6热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.22 |
| 7-1热带亚洲(印度-马来西亚)分布 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.83 |
| 7-4越南(或中南半岛)至华南或西南分布 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.60 |
| 8北温带分布 | 2 | 3.45 | 36 | 21.95 |
| 8-4北温带和南温带间断分布 | 5 | 8.62 | 2 | 1.22 |
| 9东亚及北美间分布 | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 2.44 |
| 10旧世界温带分布 | 0 | 0.00 | 12 | 7.32 |
| 10-1地中海区至西亚(或中亚)和东亚间断分布 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.60 |
| 11温带亚洲分布 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.60 |
| 14东亚分布 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.22 |
| 14-2中国-日本 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.60 |
| 15中国特有 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.60 |
| 合计 | 58 | 100.00 | 164 | 100.00 |
7 长江安庆段滩涂湿地入侵植物名录List of invasion plants in mudflat wetlands of Anqing section of the Yangtze River |
| 科名 | 种名 | 拉丁名 | 入侵等级 | 原产地 | 频度 |
| 注:频度为该物种在9条样线中出现的次数。 | |||||
| 菊科 | 鬼针草 | Bidens pilosa | 1 | 美洲 | 3 |
| 雨久花科 | 凤眼蓝 | Eichhornia crassipes | 1 | 巴西 | 4 |
| 菊科 | 加拿大一枝黄花 | Solidago canadensis | 1 | 北美洲 | 4 |
| 菊科 | 小蓬草 | Erigeron canadensis | 1 | 北美洲 | 9 |
| 菊科 | 一年蓬 | Erigeron annuus | 1 | 北美洲 | 3 |
| 苋科 | 刺苋 | Amaranthus spinosus | 1 | 热带美洲 | 2 |
| 苋科 | 喜旱莲子草 | Alternanthera philoxeroides | 1 | 巴西 | 9 |
| 车前科 | 北美车前 | Plantago virginica | 2 | 北美洲 | 2 |
| 豆科 | 田菁 | Sesbania cannabina | 2 | 大洋洲至太平洋岛屿 | 2 |
| 禾本科 | 野燕麦 | Avena fatua | 2 | 欧洲南部和地中海沿岸 | 5 |
| 牻牛儿苗科 | 野老鹳草 | Geranium carolinianum | 2 | 北美洲 | 7 |
| 伞形科 | 野胡萝卜 | Daucus carota | 2 | 欧洲 | 2 |
| 商陆科 | 垂序商陆 | Phytolacca americana | 2 | 北美洲 | 2 |
| 苋科 | 绿穗苋 | Amaranthus hybridus | 2 | 美洲 | 2 |
| 苋科 | 皱果苋 | Amaranthus viridis | 2 | 南美洲 | 3 |
| 旋花科 | 牵牛 | Ipomoea nil | 2 | 南美洲 | 3 |
| 旋花科 | 三裂叶薯 | Ipomoea triloba | 2 | 西印度群岛 | 2 |
| 大戟科 | 斑地锦 | Euphorbia maculata | 3 | 北美洲 | 4 |
| 槐叶苹科 | 槐叶蘋 | Salvinia natans | 3 | 热带亚洲 | 5 |
| 菊科 | 春飞蓬 | Erigeron philadelphicus | 3 | 北美洲 | 1 |
| 茄科 | 苦蘵 | Physalis angulata | 3 | 南美洲 | 4 |
| 石竹科 | 球序卷耳 | Cerastium glomeratum | 3 | 欧洲 | 5 |
| 玄参科 | 阿拉伯婆婆纳 | Veronica persica | 3 | 西亚 | 5 |
| 豆科 | 南苜蓿 | Medicago polymorpha | 4 | 北非、西亚、南欧 | 6 |
| 豆科 | 印度草木樨 | Melilotus indicus | 4 | 南亚、中亚至南欧 | 4 |
| 菊科 | 苦苣菜 | Sonchus oleraceus | 4 | 欧洲和地中海沿岸 | 4 |
| 菊科 | 鳢肠 | Eclipta prostrata | 4 | 美洲 | 7 |
| 伞形科 | 细叶旱芹 | Cyclospermum leptophyllum | 4 | 南美洲 | 1 |
| 莎草科 | 香附子 | Cyperus rotundus | 4 | 可能是印度 | 5 |
| 玄参科 | 婆婆纳 | Veronica polita | 4 | 西亚 | 6 |
| 玄参科 | 直立婆婆纳 | Veronica arvensis | 4 | 南欧和西亚 | 5 |
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