Observation on Development of Embryonic and Larval of Leuciscus idus in Irtysh River
Received date: 2022-12-16
Revised date: 2023-02-15
Online published: 2024-01-04
Copyright
In order to understand the law of embryonic development of Leuciscus idus, the wild population was used as the parent, and the fertilized eggs were obtained by artificial insemination. The time sequence of embryonic development and the characteristics of each stage were observed, described, recorded and analyzed in detail. The results showed that under the condition of 13.34 ℃ water temperature, the embryos of Leuciscus idus underwent 234 h and 20 min of hatching, requiring the total accumulated temperature of 3 136.36 ℃·h. The embryonic development of Leuciscus idus has undergone 7 stages (further subdivided into 26 stages), including germinal, cleavage, blastocyst, gastrula, neural, organ formation and incubation stages. Among them, the accumulated temperature required in incubation stage was the most, followed by the organ formation stage, and the accumulated temperature needed in the blastocyst, cleavage, thneural, gastrula stage, and the germinal stage decreased in turn; after 96 h, the eye, digestive tract, gill lid and other organs of larvae in hatching were fully formed, and the mouth had been opened for feeding; however, at this time, it was the mode of mixed absorption of endogenous and exogenous nutrients, until the 5th day, the yolk sac was absorbed, and completely converted into exogenous nutrient absorption mode. In the early growth and development process, Leuciscus idus could enhance their adaptability to the environment and improve the survival rate through a series of physiological changes, such as the rapid transformation of food sources and rapid development of organs. Therefore, in-depth research on the biological characteristics of Leuciscus idus during their early development stage of great significance for improving the survival rate of its seeds and further carrying out the artificial breeding of this species in the future.
HAN Haoxiang , JIN Hongyu , LIAN Jie , MA Bo . Observation on Development of Embryonic and Larval of Leuciscus idus in Irtysh River[J]. Wetland Science, 2024 , 22(1) : 16 -24 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2024.01.002
1 高体雅罗鱼胚胎发育各时期时长和积温Durations and accumulative temperatures at different stages of embryonic development of Leuciscus idus |
| 发育时期 | 经历时长/h | 积温/(℃·h) | 发育时期 | 经历时长/h | 积温/(℃·h) |
| 受精卵期 | 3.83 | 11.29 | 神经胚期 | 19.00 | 157.72 |
| 卵裂期 | 20.50 | 207.34 | 器官形成期 | 63.00 | 979.23 |
| 囊胚期 | 22.00 | 320.80 | 孵化期 | 90.00 | 1 298.94 |
| 原肠胚期 | 16.00 | 161.04 | 总计 | 234.33 | 3 136.36 |
1 高体雅罗鱼胚胎发育各时期的形态的照片(a:受精卵;b:胚盘隆起;c:2细胞期;d:4细胞期;e:8细胞期;f:16细胞期;g:32细胞期;h:64细胞期;i:128细胞期;j:桑葚胚;k:高囊胚期;l:低囊胚期;m:原肠早期;n:原肠中期;o:原肠晚期;p:神经胚期;q:胚孔封闭期;r:眼基出现期;s:眼囊出现期;t:耳囊出现期;u:尾芽出现期;v:尾鳍出现期;w:晶体出现期;x:耳石期;y:将孵期;z:孵化期)Photographs of the morphology of different stages of embryonic development of Leuciscus idus (a: fertilized eggs; b: blastoderm stage; c: 2-cell stage; d: 4-cell stage; e: 8-cell stage; f: 16-cell stage; g: 32-cell stage; h: 64-cell stage; i: 128-cell stage; j: morula phase; k: high blastuta stage; l: Low blastuta stage; m: early gastrula stage; n: mid-gastrula stage; o: late gastrula stage; p: neurula stage; q: blastopore closing stage; r: eye base appears period; s: visual sac formation stage; t: Otocyst stage; u: fail bud apperance; v: rudiment of tail fin; w: crystal stage of eyes; x: appearance of statolith; y: Hatching stage; z: newly hatched larvae) |
2 高体雅罗鱼胚胎发育过程中的各项指标值The value of each index in the process of embryonic development of Leuciscus idus |
| 发育时期 | 起始时龄 | 间隔时距 | 水温/℃ | 积温/(℃·h) | 发育时期 | 起始时龄 | 间隔时距 | 水温/℃ | 积温/(℃·h) |
| 受精卵 | 0 h | 13.55 | 原肠中期 | 50 h 20 min | 4 h | 13.42 | 52.96 | ||
| 胚盘隆起 | 50 min | 50 min | 13.41 | 11.29 | 原肠晚期 | 52 h 20 min | 2 h | 13.13 | 26.84 |
| 2细胞期 | 3 h 50 min | 3 h | 13.13 | 40.24 | 神经胚期 | 62 h 20 min | 10 h | 13.21 | 131.30 |
| 4细胞期 | 4 h 50 min | 1 h | 13.22 | 13.13 | 胚孔封闭期 | 64 h 20 min | 2 h | 13.14 | 26.42 |
| 8细胞期 | 5 h 50 min | 1 h | 13.32 | 13.22 | 眼基出现期 | 81 h 20 min | 17 h | 13.33 | 223.38 |
| 16细胞期 | 6 h 20 min | 30 min | 13.24 | 6.66 | 眼囊出现期 | 86 h 20 min | 5 h | 13.42 | 66.65 |
| 32细胞期 | 8 h 20 min | 2 h | 13.53 | 26.48 | 耳囊出现期 | 92 h 20 min | 6 h | 13.21 | 80.52 |
| 64细胞期 | 10 h 20 min | 2 h | 13.44 | 27.06 | 尾芽出现期 | 98 h 20 min | 6 h | 13.43 | 79.26 |
| 128细胞期 | 12 h 20 min | 2 h | 13.42 | 26.88 | 尾鳍出现期 | 108 h 20 min | 10 h | 13.14 | 134.30 |
| 桑葚胚 | 16 h 20 min | 4 h | 13.24 | 53.68 | 晶体出现期 | 126 h 50 min | 18 h 30 min | 13.22 | 243.09 |
| 高囊胚期 | 24 h 20 min | 8 h | 13.43 | 105.92 | 耳石期 | 138 h 20 min | 11 h 30 min | 13.54 | 152.02 |
| 低囊胚期 | 40 h 20 min | 16 h | 13.54 | 214.88 | 将孵期 | 144 h 20 min | 6 h | 13.53 | 81.24 |
| 原肠早期 | 46 h 20 min | 6 h | 13.24 | 81.24 | 孵化期 | 234 h 20 min | 90 h | 1 217.70 |
2 高体雅罗鱼仔鱼出膜后5 d内发育状况的照片(a:出膜后0 d全长;b:出膜后0 d眼径;c:出膜后0 d卵黄囊;d:出膜后1 d全长;e:出膜后1 d眼径;f:出膜后1 d卵黄囊;g:出膜后2 d全长;h:出膜后2 d眼径;i:出膜后3 d卵黄囊;j:出膜后3 d全长;k:出膜后3 d眼径;l:出膜后3 d卵黄囊;m:出膜后4 d全长;n:出膜后4 d眼径;o:出膜后4 d卵黄囊;p:出膜后5 d全长; q:出膜后5 d眼径;r:出膜后5 d卵黄囊)Photographs of development status of larvae of Leuciscus idus within 5 days after filming (a: total length 0 day after filming; b: eye diameter 0 day after filming; c: yolk sac 0 day after emergence; d: total length 1 day after filming; e: eye diameter 1 day after filming; f: yolk sac 1day after emergence; g: total length 2 day after filming; h: eye diameter 2 day after filming; i: yolk sac 2 day after emergence; j Total length 3 day after filming; k: Eye diameter 3 day after filming; l: Yolk sac 3 day after emergence; m: Total length 4 day after filming; n: Eye diameter 4 day after filming; o: Yolk sac 4 day after emergence; p: Total length 5 day after filming; q: Eye diameter 5 day after filming; r: Yolk sac 5 day after emergence) |
3 高体雅罗鱼与其他鱼类物种受精卵孵化指标的比较Comparison of hatching indexes of fertilized eggs of Leuciscus idus with other fish species |
| 物种名称 | 孵化水温/℃ | 孵化时长 | 积温/(℃·h) | 初孵仔鱼全长/mm | 5 d仔鱼全长/mm |
| 高体雅罗鱼 | 13.34±0.14 | 234 h 20 min | 3 136.36 | 6.72 | 7.65 |
| 拟赤梢鱼 | 23 | 47 h 55 min | 1 102.09 | 6.39±0.28 | 8.64±0.22 |
| 拉萨裂腹鱼 | 12.0~13.5 | 225 h 15 min | 816.88 | 10.71±0.29 | 13.02±0.25 |
| 细鳞裂腹鱼 | 16~18 | 124 h | 2 108 | 9~11 | 12 |
| 秦岭细鳞鲑 | 9.3~12.8 | 408 h | 4 640.4 | 9.64±1.03 | |
| 川陕哲罗鲑 | 9.5~10.5 | 549 h | 5 479.44 | 11.62±0.50 | 13.60±1.07 |
| 白斑狗鱼 | 5~11 | 185 h 18 min | 2 641.37 | 7.0~7.7 |
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