Exploring the spatio-temporal disparities and the evolution of Chinese-Style Modernization (CSM) distribution in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is instrumental in optimizing the significant productive forces layout within the region. This endeavor entails systematically guiding the transfer of capital, technology, and labor-intensive industries from the downstream to the midstream and upstream regions of the YREB, as well as from central urban areas to the hinterland. The objective of this study was to catalyze the formation of new growth poles in underdeveloped areas of the YREB, thereby fostering indigenous development vitality. Constructing an evaluation index system for CSM based on five major characteristics, I employed the entropy method to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index for CSM in the 11 provincial regions of the YREB from 2005 to 2021. Subsequently, leveraging spatial quantile technique, I simulated the gradient grouping of CSM. Utilizing the Dagum Gini coefficient method, I measured the relative disparities in the level of CSM. Additionally, based on the kernel density estimation method, I characterized the absolute disparities and dynamic evolutionary features of CSM level. The main findings were as follows: (1) From the eastern to the central, and then to the western regions, the level of CSM in the YREB exhibited a conspicuous gradient descent trend. (2) Overall, the level of CSM in the YREB was consistently on the rise, with the non-uniform development scenario tending to weaken. (3) Relative disparity values were relatively high within economically developed regions and between economically developed and underdeveloped regions, but the values exhibited a trend of reduction. Simultaneously, economically developed region in the YREB manifested a polarization phenomenon in the level of CSM, with absolute disparity showing a diminishing trend. This paper provided a crucial reference for the quantitative analysis of CSM and the measurement of relative and absolute disparities in CSM within and between the regions.

As an important type of social ecosystem, mountain plays an important role in the ecological conservation of land space, regional coordinated development, national sustainable development and the construction of national overall security system. This paper took 384 types of datasets on the theme of ' mountain social ecosystem ' funded by the National Social Science Fund from 1991 to 2021 as samples, and used Python,Arcgis and CiteSpace to analyze the basic situation, research group characteristics and hot topics of mountain social ecosystem research projects. The results showed that : （1） In terms of the basic situation of the project : the number of annual project of mountain research showed a fluctuating growth trend, which could be divided into three stages : initial development, jump rise and spiral growth. The number of projects on western area had obvious advantages, which was 2.72 times of the average level. The distribution of disciplines had the dual characteristics of diversification and focusing, involving 96 % of the subjects, but was significantly concentrated in ethnology, accounting for 34%.（2） In terms of the characteristics of the research groups, the spatial distribution of the study population showed a trend of shifting from the southwest cold spot gathering area to the central hot spot gathering area.（3）As far as the research area and content were concerned : the hotspots in the mountain project research area were concentrated and the distribution was severely unbalanced. The hotspots were significantly concentrated in Wuling Mountain and more than 80% of the main mountains were not included; The research content mainly focused on mountain ethnic culture, mountain poverty alleviation mechanism, mountain coordinated development and mountain ecological security, with significant cohesion. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the research hotspots, policies and literature of mountains, this paper concluded that the construction of mountain discipline system, the re-understanding of mountain functions and the cross-domain joint governance of mountains were worthy of academic attention and further research.

The Hydrological Change Indicators (IHA) can comprehensively describe the hydrological regime of rivers. However, there is a certain overlap of information between the numerous indicators, which limits their widespread application in the fields of hydrology and aquatic ecology. Based on the daily runoff data of Lijiadu Hydrological Station in the lower reaches of the Fu River from 1953 to 2018, ecologically relevant hydrological  indicators (ERHIs) were preliminarily selected by principal component analysis (PCA), and the key ERHIs were further selected by combining the random forest (RF) importance scores of indicators under different labels. The evolution and influencing factors were also analyzed emphatically. The hydrological and meteorological variation points in the lower reaches of the Fu River were in 1962, 1984, and 2002. Based on this, the research period was divided into the reference period and the first, second, and third impact periods; Based on the PCA method, 8 ERHIs were initially selected, and the RF importance score was used to further optimize the minimum 30 day average flow, January average flow, and April average flow of three key ERHIs; During the three impact periods, the overall hydrological changes of key ERHIs in the lower reaches of the Fu River were 31%, 24%, and 50%, respectively; Among them, the minimum 30 day average flow rate showed moderate to high changes in each impact period, and experienced two decreases in the first and third impact periods, respectively. This was considered to be related to the continuous expansion of the number and scale of water conservancy engineering projects in the river basin; After the construction and operation of Hongmen Reservoir in the 1980s, the average flow in April during flood seasons was effectively reduced, while the average flow in January during dry seasons showed a slight increase; After the 21st century, key ERHIs in the lower reaches of the Fu River showed a downward trend due to climate change and urbanization processes. After PCA-RF screening, the IHA system in the lower reaches of the Fu River was greatly simplified, which helped to grasp the key indicators and provide important reference value and significance for ecological restoration and water resource optimization.

Studying the impact of new-type urbanization on urban land green use efficiency is of great significance for achieving high-quality development of urbanization and sustainable use of urban land. Using 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2005 to 2020, the impact of new-type urbanization on urban land green use efficiency and spatial effect were analyzed using methods of super efficiency SBM model, window analysis method, and spatial panel Durbin model. The results showed that: (1) the level of new-type urbanization showed a fluctuating trend, and urban land green use efficiency showed a fluctuating trend. From a regional perspective, the characteristics in the order of Shanghai > Zhejiang > Jiangsu > Anhui were presented. The spatial difference between new-type urbanization and urban land green use efficiency was obvious. (2) There was a significant spatial positive correlation between the level of new-type urbanization and urban land green use efficiency. The change trend of bivariate global Moran's I presented an obvious “M” type, and the overall spatial dependence of the two was obvious. The local spatial correlation types between new-type urbanization and urban land green use efficiency had been increasing, after 2010, with high concentration areas mainly distributed in southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, and low concentration areas in northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui. (3) New-type urbanization can significantly improve urban land green use efficiency, showing a positive spatial spillover effect. Population density, foreign trade level, science and technology level, industrial structure and government scale all have different degrees of impacts.

Based on the investigation of the amount, quality and utilization situation of dredged soil in Yangtze Estuary navigation channel, this paper evaluates the suitability of dredged soil for different utilization modes, and puts forward suggestions for comprehensive utilization of dredged soil during the 14th Five-year Period. The conclusions are drawn as follows: the annual output of channel dredged soil is estimated to be more than 58 million m3 in the 14th Five-year Period, and the soil quality is fine and clean. The dredged soil from the South Channel and Yuanyuansha section of Deepwater Channel (SYDC) and the South Passage Channel (SPC) upstream of Jiuduansha Lightship (JL) is suitable for diking and filling, while the dredged soil from the Middle-lower section of North Passage of Deepwater Channel (MNDC) and the SPC downstream of JL can be used for wetland restoration and filling. In the 14th Five-year Period, it’s suggested to use dredged soil of the MNDC to restore Hengsha Shoal, and to use dredged soil of SPC to reserve resources in the siltation promoting project of East Nanhui Shoal. On the basis of solving of relevant constraints, the dredged soil of the MNDC and the SPC downstream of JL can be used for conservation and restoration of Jiuduansha wetland, and the dredged soil of the SYDC and the SPC upstream of JL can be used for embankment construction in the adjacent wading project.

Exploring the impacts of energy utilization on urban land green use efficiency is of great practical significance for promoting sustainable regional resource utilization and achieving the transformation of land green use. This study analyzed the influencing mechanism from the perspectives of industrial transfer, technological innovation, and investment expansion. By using the entropy method and the non-desirable output super-efficiency SBM, the energy utilization and urban land green use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2020 were calculated. Furthermore, the spatial Durbin model was employed to analyze the influence of energy utilization on urban land green use efficiency. The results were as follows: (1) During the study period, the overall land green use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a fluctuating upward trend, with the average efficiency increasing from 0.535 to 0.784. The number of high-efficiency cities not only increased significantly but also showed an apparent trend of concentration and contiguous distribution. (2) There was a spatial interaction between energy utilization and urban land green use efficiency. The direct effect coefficient was 0.136, and the spatial spillover effect coefficient was -0.203. This indicated that energy utilization had a promoting effect on the land green use efficiency of central cities but significantly inhibited the improvement of land green use efficiency in surrounding cities. (3) Policy supply strengthened the direct impact of energy utilization on land green use efficiency, but weakened the negative effect of spatial spillover of energy utilization. Therefore, it was necessary to actively adjust the local industrial structure to reduce production energy consumption. It was also essential to promote the transformation of energy utilization through technological innovation to achieve synchronized improvement of urban land green use efficiency, based on optimizing the energy structure and utilization efficiency.

There are numerous pumping stations in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, which are main channels for urban rainwater and sewage to the River. Jiangnan pumping station in the Great Tangxun Lake basin in Wuhan was taken as an example in this study. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model of the river section based on MIKE21 was built. The migration and diffusion characteristics of COD, NH₃-N, TP in the river section was simulated under three conditions, including normal discharge of sewage treatment plant tail water (ND), accident discharge of sewage treatment plant tail water (AD), and waterlogging drainage (WD). Compared with ND, the influence range and degree of WD on the concentration of water quality index in river reach increased significantly. The length and width of TP pollution zone exceeding Class II water quality standard increased by 2.66 times and 0.64 times, respectively. In addition, the TP concentration of the downstream Yangsigang national control section exceeded the standard by 0.16 times, which was equivalent to the impact of AD. Pumping station drainage was becoming a potential risk source of water quality exceeding the standard in flood seasons. The impact of pumping station drainage on the water environment was mainly controlled by the quality and flow of drainage. Developing a multi-objective operation and scheduling plan for pumping stations based on flood control safety, water environment protection, and other objectives was proposed for future research. It was suggested drainage pumping station in supervision and management of the river discharge outlet be considered, to force the improvement of water environment quality of cities along the River and to effectively reduce environmental risks of the main stream.

Remote sensing technology provides great convenience for monitoring water quality of inland lakes. However, it is difficult to directly find the optical characteristics of certain optically inactive water quality parameters, such as Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Nitrogen (TN) and permanganate index (CODMn). In the complex biological optical environment of inland waters, it is usually hard to fit the measured water quality data with the remote sensing reflectance of such parameters using a simple regression model. Moreover, when the size of measured water quality data sample is small, traditional machine learning methods are prone to under fitting, resulting a low accuracy of water quality inversion results. To address these problems, this paper proposed a dot product attention model for estimating water quality parameters. The model was constructed using 58 measured water quality data and the corresponding Sentinel-2 remote sensing data, in Daye Lake. To verify the accuracy and priority of the proposed model, this paper compared the results with the water quality inversion results of statistical regression model and multi-layer perceptron model under the same measured water quality data sample and image data. Results showed that the accuracy of the inversion results based on the dot product attention model were the best, with the determination coefficients R2 of TP, TN and CODMn of 0.83, 0.89 and 0.80, respectively. The proposed model was also employed to estimate TP, TN and CODMn in Daye Lake from 2018-2021. These results help to explore the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the water quality parameter concentrations in Daye Lake in the past four years and assess  the water pollution situation in Daye Lake. This research is expected to provide important data support for the water environment management of Daye Lake.

The coupling relationship between carbon and water cycles in terrestrial ecosystems is one of the hot spots of global change research. However, the current research is mainly in arid and semi-arid areas, and the coupling mechanism of terrestrial carbon and water in humid regions is still unclear. Based on Remote Sensing and GIS, the coupling relationship between vegetation net primary productivity (NPP), soil moisture and evapotranspiration in Taihu Lake Basin was analyzed at different spatial and temporal scales. The results showed that the coupling relationships between NPP and hydrological elements were significantly different at different spatial and temporal scales: Based on all monthly data during the study period, evapotranspiration and NPP were significantly positively correlated, while soil moisture in 99.86% regions was negatively correlated with NPP. In the interannual scale, the correlation between the three was weakened. At the seasonal scale, soil moisture and NPP were negatively correlated in 82% of regions in spring, summer and autumn, among which spring was the most significant, which was mainly related to the difference of land cover and plant growth period. The study further found that the correlation between the three was closely related to topographic factors, which was manifested as a trend of weakening with the increase of slope or altitude. Finally, it was found that the Random forest model (RF_All model) based on the whole period monthly scale hydro-meteorological elements could estimate and predict the NPP of the basin well (R2 = 0.97，RMSE = 4.16 gC m-2 a-1，Bias = 0.37 gC m-2 a-1). The conclusion of this study has important theoretical significance for formulating the policy of ecological construction and sustainable development of Taihu basin under the background of global change.

The natural variation of hydrological regime plays an important role in maintaining the function of river ecosystems.However, previous studies lack a comprehensive assessment of the hydrological regime changes in the Min River Basin. This study focused on a comprehensive analysis of the evolution, driving factors, and ecological response of hydrological regime in the Min River Basin,using indicators of ecological significance.Mann-Kendall and Pettitt’s tests were used to detect the year of abrupt hydrological changes in the Min River basin.Two general ecological indicators (ecological surplus and ecological deficit) and the hydrological change index (IHA) were used to identify the characteristics of ecohydrological variation before and after the abrupt changing point. The degree of hydrological variation (D0) and hydrological regime change (DHRAM) were used to assess the degree of changes.The driving factors of ecohydrological change were quantified by a combination of Budyko hydrothermal coupling equilibrium theory.The biodiversity index (SI) was used to analyze the ecological response to the changesinhydrological regime.The results showed that: (1) An abrupt change of the hydrological regime was detected in 1993.(2)The overall degree of hydrological change was up to 44%, indicating a moderate change.(3)Change of hydrological regime leaded to a decrease in ecological surplus and an increase in ecological deficit.(4)The influence of human activities on the annual average runoff change was 54.20%, while the influence of rainfall was 43.88%, and the influence of evaporation was 1.92%. Climate change and human activities jointly reduced the runoff of the Min River by 83.83 mm, and the human activities were dominant.(5)The influence of human activities accelerated the decline of biodiversity index. This study provideda reference for strengthening the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in theMinRiver, and promoted the rational and efficient utilization of water resources in the area.

Under the background of high-quality urban development and territorial planning in the new era, we need to accurately grasp the characteristics and structural mechanism of urban network. It is of great importance  for urban planning and transportation planning. This paper constructs the urban data matrix from the perspective of railway travels in different periods. The matrix depicts the pattern of urban networks on weekdays, weekends and holidays, and shows the structural characteristics and organizational patterns of different spatial scales. The results show that: cities that are closely related to railway travels are mainly concentrated in the east of the Hu Line, which is coupled with China’s high economically developed and heavily populated areas; The migration intensity of railway travels in holidays is significantly higher than that in other periods; The average travel distance on weekdays is the longest, and the whole network tends to be flat and balanced; The centrality shows a decreasing trend from weekdays, weekends to holidays; The level of railway travel population flow network is apparent. Working days, weekends and holidays form cross-regional urban agglomerations, high-speed rail corridors and urban agglomerations. Through the analysis of path dependence association, advantageous node linkage, and spatial structure interaction at different scales, this paper explores the formation mechanism of the spatial structure of urban network, supporting suggestions on global orbit fusion, key node lifting, and nested space connection.

The Yangtze River Midstream Urban Agglomeration is an important growth pole for China's high-quality development. Identifying the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving forces of land spatial pattern evolution under different economic development gradients in this region is of great significance for optimizing the land spatial pattern and promoting regional coordinated development. This study utilized methods of land spatial transfer matrix, standard deviation ellipse, kernel density analysis, and spatial econometric models to reveal the characteristics and driving mechanisms of land spatial pattern evolution in the study area, during the period of 1990-2020. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) The proportions of different land spatial types in the study area were ranked from high to low in terms of ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space. The changes in land spatial pattern varied significantly under different development stages. (2) The competition among urban, agricultural, and ecological spaces formed a land spatial pattern of "increase in one, decrease in two". The improvement of economic development stages, the transformation patterns among different land spatial types became more complex and diverse. The farmland and green space were more prone to loss. (3) The urban space changed from a small number of main cores and unclear agglomeration characteristics to multiple core diffusion and an increase in high-value areas, with more drastic changes in the center of gravity; The agricultural space demonstrated an increase in the number of sub-cores, a significant decrease in high-value areas, a higher degree of spatial fragmentation, and a relatively stable change in the center of gravity; The kernel density of ecological space changed from spatial concentration to spatial fragmentation, especially in the northwest region. (4) The formation of land spatial pattern was driven by multiple factors including nature, population, and economy. The degree and direction of these factors' influence on different spaces varied. According to this study, it was necessary to fully consider the future development orientation of the Yangtze River Midstream Urban Agglomeration, strengthen land spatial classification management, and coordinate the driving factors of land spatial pattern, in an attempt to provide theoretical basis and decision-making reference for the coordinated, healthy, and sustainable development of the "three zones" in the study area in the new era.

 As an effective method for  achieving sustainable development, green innovation plays a key role in promoting regional integration and high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region.Using the Super-SBM DEA model of undesirable outputs to measure the green innovation efficiency of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2011 to 2019, and constructing the correlation matrix of green innovation efficiency among cities by gravity model, this paper discusses the spatial correlation, network structure characteristics and driving factors of green innovation efficiency by applying social network analysis method.The results show that: （1)The efficiency of urban green innovation in the Yangtze River Delta is basically fluctuated and increased.There is obvious regional heterogeneity in efficiency, and the distribution pattern is high in the south but low in the north.(2）The spatial association network of green innovation efficiency in the region is complex and the local associations of some cities are strong.In some regional central cities, such as Shanghai, the effect of syphon aspect is obvious, while the spillover effect needs to be improved.(3）The efficiency network presents an obvious core-edge structure.The core area is mainly concentrated in Shanghai, other provincial capitals and surrounding cities, which basically presents a trend distribution with “most concentrated, a few dispersed”.(4）The differences in patent output and industrial structure have a significant positive effect on the spatial correlation intensity of green innovation efficiency among cities.The differences in environmental quality and geographical distance have negative effects on the spatial correlation of green innovation efficiency among cities.These factors become important factors affecting the spatial network structure of urban green innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta.

In the new stage of historical development, there is an urgent need for low-carbon transformation in economic development. Energy conservation and emission reduction, green low carbon have become the top priorities of China's economic development. Improving carbon emission efficiency is the key to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals while maintaining high-quality economic development. This paper took 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research objects and used the super-efficiency SBM model considering unexpected output and the Malmquist index method to calculate carbon emission efficiency. Natural segmentation method of ArcGIS10.7 and Theil index were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and regional differences. Finally, spatial Durbin model was constructed to further explore the influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency. The results showed that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the carbon emission efficiency showed a fluctuating trend, and the overall carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was insufficient. The efficiency level was greatly affected by technology and scale. (2) Malmquist index showed that the key reason for the significant gap of carbon emission efficiency among regions lied in the complementarity and mutual promotion of various efficiency indexes and the imbalance of emission reduction technology development. (3) The number of cities with the highest and higher carbon emission efficiency zones increased, and the agglomeration status of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was gradually becoming apparent. (4) Except for the level of economic development, other factors demonstrated significant positive or negative direct effects on carbon emission efficiency. The spatial spillover effects of economic development level, industrial structure, green technology innovation, and government intervention on carbon emission efficiency were indicated as significant factors.

Objectively analyzing the impact of regional integration on tourism industry efficiency holds significant implications for promoting the high-quality economic and social development of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. The entropy method, linear weighting method, and super efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis SBM model were employed to measure the level of integrated development and tourism industry efficiency, from 2008 to 2020. The study also utilized the spatial Durbin model to reveal the underlying relationship and spatial effects between the two. The study found that: (1) The level of regional integration increased from 0.304 in 2008 to 0.490 in 2020, showing a robust upward trend. A "high-southeast, low-northwest" pattern was presented. The "high-high" and "low-low" cluster aggregation characteristics was evident. (2) The tourism industry efficiency value showed a slightly fluctuating downward trend, with the trough point appearing in 2020. The spatial distribution exhibited an "east high, west low, and middle-high with north-south low" pattern. The number of cities with high efficiency gradually increased and expanded to the southeast. (3) The level of regional integration had a significant spatial spillover effect on tourism industry efficiency. Government regulation, urbanization level, level of informationization, degree of transportation convenience, degree of openness, and level of technological development all had positive direct effects on local tourism industry efficiency. Urbanization level and level of informationization had positive spillover effects on neighboring tourism industry efficiency, while government regulation and transportation convenience exhibited negative spillover effects.

Coordinated development of urban and rural areas is the key to regulating the major social contradictions in the new era and serves as an important symbol of Chinese-style modernization. The urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Yangtze River is an important support of Yangtze River Economic Belt and an important growth pole of national high-quality development. Promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas in the middle reaches of Yangtze River urban agglomeration is one of the important ways to improve the new development pattern of urban and rural areas. Based on the evaluation index system of coordinated urban-rural development, various quantitative analysis methods were used to reveal the characteristics of urban-rural development in the middle Yangtze River urban agglomeration and to clarify the obstructive factors that restrict high-quality urban-rural development. The results showed that: (1) The urban-rural function index of the middle reaches of Yangtze River urban agglomeration showed an overall increasing trend, the regional differences of rural function continued to narrow down, and the regional differences of urban function expanded; Spatially, the rural function index showed a “high in the west and low in the east” distribution, while the high and low values of urban function index were scattered, and the spatial pattern was developing in a balanced direction. (2) During the study period, the overall trend of urban-rural functional coupling coordination was increasing, and the urban-rural development was becoming an increasing coordination; In space, the distribution pattern showed the characteristics of “high in the west and low in the east”, but the regional differences of urban-rural coupling coordination were small and relatively stable. (3) Enhancing rural revitalization and new urbanization should solve the problems of agricultural production and culture education as a priority, leading towards a modernizing agriculture and rural areas, and the innovative urban development. Finally, based on the coordination degree of urban-rural coupling and the diagnosis of obstacle factors, further countermeasures were proposed to optimize the urban-rural integration development in the middle Yangtze River urban agglomeration.

The spatio-temporal characteristics of ecosystem services in Dongting Lake Basin during 2000-2020 were investigated by InVEST model and GIS spatial analysis at sub-watershed scales. The trade-off/synergy analysis of three key ecosystem services such as water yield, water purification and carbon storage was carried out using the coupling coordination degree model and the geodetector model. The results showed that: (1) Water yield services and water purification services were continuously strengthened, while carbon storage services were continuously weakened. In terms of spatial variability, water yield in the southeast was higher than that in the northwest in 2000 and 2010. In 2020, water yield in the northwest was the maximum. The distribution of N and P output was less in the upstream than in the downstream, and higher in the east than in the west. The carbon storage was the least in Dongting Lake area and the highest value was concentrated in the upstream area. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the pairwise ecosystem services in the whole basin were at a moderate level of synergy, and developed to a good level of synergy. There was an obvious difference in the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of pairwise ecosystem services. (3) The formation of nonlinear dynamic relationship between ecosystem services in Dongting Lake Basin was influenced by natural and human factors, including terrain and topography, climate change, land use type and distribution pattern, and human interference. The degree of influence of natural factors was greater than human factors. These results may provide theoretical basis for the construction of ecological protection compensation mechanism in Dongting Lake Basin.

This paper conducted a theoretical analysis of the impact of agglomeration of productive services (APS) on urban haze pollution, focusing on the role of green innovation in this process. Using a panel data set of 278 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2005 to 2019, we empirically examined the direct effect and heterogeneity of APS on haze pollution, as well as the transmission role and threshold effect played by green innovation. Our findings were as follows: (1) the diversified agglomeration of productive services (DAPS) had a significant pro-reduction effect on haze pollution, while specialized agglomeration of productive services (SAPS) had an inverted U-shaped relationship with haze pollution. (2) Heterogeneity analyses showed that DAPS had a significant suppressive effect on haze pollution in western cities, large cities of type II, small and medium-sized cities and non-resource-based cities, and an inverted U-shaped effect on haze pollution in east-central cities, while a U-shaped effect on haze pollution in northeastern cities. SAPS exacerbated haze pollution in western cities. The impact on haze pollution in northeastern cities, resource-based cities and small and medium-sized cities was consistent with the conclusion of the full sample. The degree of agglomeration had not yet crossed the inflection point and was still at the stage of exacerbating haze pollution. (3) Green innovation was an important mechanism via which APS affected urban haze pollution, which played both a transmission effect and a threshold effect in the process.

Reasonable allocation of land elements is the key to supporting the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and scientific research and judgment on the bottleneck of land scarcity is an important prerequisite for optimizing resource allocation. This paper selects the panel data of 108 prefecture level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2020, and systematically investigates the spatial and temporal changes, spatial differences and influencing factors of urban land scarcity by using kernel density estimation, GIS spatial analysis, spatial autocorrelation and feasible generalized least squares (FGLS), It provides a useful reference for the realization of high-quality economic and social development supported by land resources in the Yangtze River Basin. The results show that: (1) In the study period, the urban land scarcity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt presents two stages of “acceleration period” and “vibration period”, with specific increases of 26.9%, 13.2% and 9.5% in the upstream, middle reaches and downstream respectively; The results of kernel density estimation show that the high value range of land scarcity gradually decreases, and the low and medium value regions gradually increase. (2) There is a positive spatial correlation between urban land scarcity and the change of local spatial agglomeration range is prominent, but the agglomeration effect is not significant. (3) The leading factors affecting urban land scarcity in different regions are different. Urbanization level, economic development level, population density and foreign direct investment will aggravate the scarcity of land resources, while the upgrading of industrial structure and the improvement of environmental protection level have a certain inhibitory effect. Based on the above conclusions, the Yangtze River Economic Belt should promote the upgrading of industrial structure according to local conditions, increase the investment of enterprises in environmental protection, and break the dilemma of factor scarcity under policy constraints through efficient and sustainable land use.

Carbon sequestration service can directly fix CO₂ in the atmosphere through the photosynthesis of natural vegetation, and the balance of supply and demand is crucial for mitigating the trend of global warming. However, most of the current studies focused on the supply of carbon sequestration service, and few focused on regional carbon supply-demand balance. The Yangtze River Delta Ecological Greening Development Demonstration Area (Demonstration Area) is the first step and breakthrough to implement the integration development strategy in the Yangtze River Delta. It is also the key area to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals in the Yangtze River Delta.Taking the Demonstration Area as a study area, this paper evaluated the supply of carbon sequestration service based on CASA model, and identified the demand of carbon sequestration service based on population density method. This paper also explored the supply, demand and supply-demand ratio of carbon sequestration service.The results showed that, in terms of supply, the spatial distribution of carbon sequestration service in different towns was relatively balanced from 2000 to 2020. The total carbon sequestration increased from 1.10×109 kg to 1.24×109 kg, with a fluctuating trend. In terms of demand, the demand for carbon sequestration service increased from 7.15×109 kg to 4.16×1010 kg from 2000 to 2020, an increase of nearly five times. The demand for carbon sequestration service in all towns showed an increasing trend. From 2000 to 2020, the carbon sequestration supply was difficult to meet its demand, and the supply-demand ratio continued to decline, indicating a tense relationship between supply and demand. Finally, based on the supply, demand and supply-demand ratio of carbon sequestration services, this study carried out carbon sequestration service zoning. This paper aimed to put forward targeted decision-making suggestions for the realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals in the Demonstration Area.

The littoral zone of the Yangtze River mainstream has a very important ecological role for macrozoobenthos. However, the status of water quality biology assessment in the riparian zone of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is not yet known, and the influence of macrobenthos by shoreline use type deserves further investigation. In order to assess the aquatic ecological environment in the littoral zone of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, this study conducted a sampling survey of macrobenthos and water environmental factors at 53 representative sample sites along the river in May 2017. The distribution of bivalves, gastropods, mollusks and polychaetes in the middle and lower reaches riparian zone varied greatly, related to salinity, flow velocity, attached substrate and sediment grain size. The Biological Pollution Index (BPI) shows that the water bodies in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are in mild-moderate pollution, and the anomalously low BPI values near the mouth of the estuary may be related to the massive growth of polychaetes and Limnoperna fortunei. The results of non-metric multidimensional ranking (NMDS) analysis showed that macrozoobenthos was more significantly affected by ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate, chlorophyll a, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs).It also suggested that Corbicula fluminea, Novaculina chinensis, L. fortunei, Bellamya aeruginosa, Semisulcospira cancelata, Stenothyra glabra and Macrobrachium nipponense were distributed in wetlands and natural bank sections while Chironomid larvae and oligochaetas were in urban and estuary sections. The distribution of the macrozoobenthos community structure was constrained by the utilization types and physicochemical factors, which provided a scientific basis for the survey and assessment of shoreline resources and for the management and protection of aquatic ecosystems in the Yangtze River Economic Zone.

Scientific diagnosis of the multi-dimensional adaptation relationship between new-type urbanization and ecological resilience is a key part of promoting high-quality regional development and the construction of ecological civilization. Taking the urban agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River as the study area, a new-type urbanization and ecological resilience assessment system was constructed, based on the conceptof evolutionary resilience.The spatiotemporal adaptation characteristics of the two were outlined from three aspectsof time, space and spatiotemporal interaction. The interaction relationship between the two systems was identified with the help of panel vector autoregressive model. The results showed that: ① From 2005 to 2020, the new-type urbanization and ecological resilience adaptation index changed from extremely unsuitable (0.397) in 2005 to moderate adaptation (0.736) in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 3.926%. The cities of Wuhan, Changsha, Nanchang and other central oneswere identified as high-value areas, and the unbalanced characteristics of coordinated adaptation within urban agglomerations were significant. ② The spatial correlation pattern of new urbanization and ecological resilience adaptation level showed a certain shift inertness, with strong path dependence and spatial locking characteristics, and the intensity of intercity spatial cooperation was higher than that of spatial competition. ③ In the short term, the relationship between new-type urbanization and ecological resilience was significant.The promotion of ecological resilience by new-type urbanization was stronger than the promotion of ecological resilience on new-type urbanization. The inertia of self-development of each system was stronger in a longer period of time.

In order to study the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of bottomland in Dongting Lake since the middle of the Republic of China, this paper used the historical maps and aerospace remote sensing data of 15 periods since the middle of the Republic of China, used remote sensing interpretation and historical comparison methods to study subzone of bottomland development in modern Dongting Lake. The evolution characteristics and change reasons of main bottomland from 1938 to 2021 were analyzed. The results showed that the bottomland of Dongting Lake was dominated by terrigenous detritus, accompanied by biogenic sedimentation. The sedimentary types included lacustrine deposits, river alluvial deposits, floodplain and river delta deposits, and river lake interactive deposits. Furthermore, different sediment characteristics were displayed due to the different water and sediment conditions in different seasons. The modern bottomland of Dongting Lake was divided into 20 sub regions, including 9 sub regions in the east of Dongting Lake, 8 sub regions in the south of Dongting Lake, and 3 sub regions in the west of Dongting Lake. In the East Dongting Lake, Piaowei Island was the largest beach of Dongting Lake, with an area of 466.89 km2 during dry seasons. The estuary delta of the east branch of the Ouchi River was the fastest growing bottomland in the last century, which was located at the junction of Zhuzi bleeder in 1938, and estuary delta had extended 12.13 km2 eastward to the current shoreline, and then the river channel advanced 26.42 km2 toward the lake. The bottomland of South Dongting Lake mainly developed along the Songzhu River and the north of Wanzi Lake. The Xiangjiang River floodplain, the ancient Xiangjiang River and the Zishui Delta were eroded and silted, but their outlines were clear in dry seasons. In West Dongting Lake, Qili Lake had become a component of Songli floodway due to sedimentation, and the northern part of Muping Lake was the Songli Delta, while the southern part was the Yuanshui Delta. The sediment was severely silted up, and the main lakes were basically dried up during dry seasons. The research results provided objective data for the rational development and utilization of Dongting Lake bottomland resources and the adjustment of the Dongting Lake region's lake management strategy in the post-Three Gorges era.

To elucidate the aquatic environmental characteristics and their impact on phytoplankton communities in oxbow lakes situated within the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, investigations and analyses were conducted for both before and after the flood seasons. Water quality indicators encompassed TP, TN, NH₃-N, COD_Mn and BOD₅. Phytoplankton investigations involved species composition, biomass, and biodiversity assessments. Significant indicators influencing lake water quality were identified, and a quantitative evaluation of water quality pre and post flood seasons was executed by constructing an optimized fuzzy mathematical evaluation method. Additionally, the eutrophication status of each lake was assessed. Grey relational analysis and RDA analysis were employed to pinpoint the primary water quality indicators impacting the characteristics of phytoplankton communities. Several key conclusions were drawn. (i) The water quality of oxbow lakes in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River generally ranged between III and IV. Lakes controlled by water gates exhibited better water quality in flood seasons than those freely connected to the Yangtze River, while the reverse was observed post-flood seasons. (ii) The primary water quality indicators influencing phytoplankton density were TP and COD_Mn , while TN, NH₃-N, and COD_Mn were the main indicators affecting the diversity of phytoplankton communities. Oxbow lakes were typically in a mesotrophic state before flood seasons, and there was a slight increase in eutrophication for post-flood seasons. (iii) Implementing measures including nutrient control, water level regulation, and hydraulic control could aid in restoring lake water quality and optimizing phytoplankton diversity and richness.

The synergy of pollution and carbon reduction can measure environmental benefits and as well as climateand economic benefits, and will definitely become an inevitable choice to achieve comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development in the procedure of ecological civilization in China. As a major platform and important policy grip for the construction of ecological civilization in the new era, the establishment of national ecological civilization demonstration area is of practical significance to study the synergistic of pollution and carbon reduction to crack the real dilemma of tightening resource constraints, serious environmental pollution and ecosystem degradation. Based on the data from 209 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019, a multi-period double difference and extended spatial forms was used to assess the synergistic effect of the pilot policy of national ecological civilization demonstration area on urban pollution and carbon reduction. The results showed that:(1) the pilot policy of national ecological civilization demonstration area significantly promotedthe synergistic of urban pollution and carbon reduction, and this finding is still valid after a series of robustness tests. (2) The Bacon Decomposition found that the "good treatment group" accounted for 98.33%, implying that the validity of the model setting was further verified. (3) The spatial spillover of the pilot policy showed the characteristics of "beggar-thy-neighbor". There existed significant differences among cities with different technology endowment, industrial agglomeration scale, and environmental regulation intensity.Accordingly,this paperproposed to promotethe orderly diffusion of pilot policies, optimizing the spatial layout of policies, and designing a gradient development strategy.

It is of great significance to study the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of evapotranspiration (ET) and explore its driving factors for the scientific allocation and rational utilization of water resources in southwest China. Using MODIS16 ET data, contemporaneous meteorological data and DEM data, based on trend analysis, coefficient of variation method and geographic detector method, the spatial and temporal variation and volatility of ET and the driving factors were analysed in southwest China during 2000-2020. Results showed that: (1) The interannual ET showed an increasing trend with fluctuation in southwest China and each geomorphic regions, especially in Guangxi hilly region. (2) The annual average ET was relatively higher in southwest and southeast, and relatively lower in other regions in southwest China. The interannual ET was dominated by relatively low fluctuation regions. The fluctuation was obviously in Sichuan Basin. The ratio of area where ET showing a significant increasing trend were all greater than 50% in different geomorphic regions, and the ratio in Ruoergai Plateau was the largest. (3) Factor detection results showed that precipitation was the dominant factor that influenced the spatial heterogeneity of ET in southwest China, with an explanatory power of 57.3%. Climate was the dominant factor resulting in the spatial heterogeneity of ET in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Ruoergai Plateau and Hengduan Mountain, while the dominant factor was vegetation in other geomorphic regions. The dual-factor interactive detection results showed nonlinear enhancement or dual-factor enhancement in the study area. The interaction between precipitation and NDVI explained 64.9% of ET’s spatial difference in southwest China. The interaction between climatic factors and elevation in the Ruoergai Plateau, and the interaction between climatic factors and elevation or NDVI in other geomorphic regions were the dominant factors that caused the spatial differentiation of ET. The study revealed the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of evapotranspiration and the corresponding influencing factor, which could provide scientific decisions for the rational use of water resources in southwest China.

Exploring the spatial distribution characteristics of ethnic villages and revealing its influencing factors will help to protect and develop resources in ethnic areas and promote the economic and social development. In this paper, 65 ethnic villages in southwest Hubei were selected as the research objects. The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors were analyzed by using GIS spatial analysis and geographical detector research methods. The results showed that: （1） the spatial differentiation of ethnic villages in southwest Hubei was remarkable, showing a "three areas-multiple scattered points" nuclear density distribution trend, forming a "V-shaped" high-density distribution belt composed of Enshi City, Xuanen County, Xianfeng County and Hefeng County. The number of villages in the region was obviously polarized between the west and the east, showing the spatial distribution trend of cold hotspots of "hot in the west and cold in the east, high in the northwest and high in the northeast"; （2）Dominated by natural factors, ethnic villages in southwest Hubei were mostly distributed in strips on the sunny slope of the mountain within 2km from the river, with small relief and an altitude of 600-900 m; （3）Restricted by socio-economic factors, there was a positive correlation between the ethnic population and the number of ethnic  villages, and a negative correlation between the distance from the central town and the level of economic development and the number of ethnic villages.

The rapid expansion of cities increases the pressure and stress on urban ecosystems, leading to a series of ecological problems. Exploring the resilience of ecosystems and the intensity of ecological risks can help balancing regional development and ecological protection. Taking Sichuan Province as the research area, this paper analyzed the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of ecological resilience and ecological risk levels by constructing quantitative evaluation indicators. The Z-score standardized method was used to identify the "resilience-risk" ecological zone in the study area. The results showed that: (1) in terms of dynamic change characteristics, the overall ecological resilience level of Sichuan Province showed a declining trend during 2000-2020, while the overall ecological risk level tended to be stable; (2) in terms of spatial distribution characteristics, the ecological resilience of Sichuan Province showed a spatial pattern of "low in the east and west, high in the middle", while the ecological risk showed a spatial pattern of "low in the west and high in the east"; (3) combined with the "resilience-risk" ecological zoning, Sichuan Province may be divided into four areas, including key protection areas, rational development zones, protection tradeoff zones and development tradeoff zones. The construction of "resilience-risk" ecological zones can accurately improve the ecological resilience of the study area and reduce ecological risks by implementing strict control measures such as defending the ecological protection red line, which is an effective way to achieve sustainable development in Sichuan Province in the future.

In the context of green and low-carbon development, research on the spatial correlation of land use carbon budget and carbon compensation zoning is of great significance for promoting regional coordinated development and governance and achieving high-quality development. In this study, the carbon budget of cities was calculated as the basic unit. The spatial correlation and structural characteristics of carbon budget in the middle reaches of Yangtze River were analyzed by using gravity model and social network analysis method. Using SOM-K-means model, carbon compensation zoning in the study area was carried out. The results showed that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, carbon emissions showed an upward trend, from 2.18×108t to 3.01×108t, with a spatial distribution of "higher in the east, lower in the west and highest in the center"; The carbon uptake fluctuated from 2.75×108t to 2.86×108t, showing a "C" pattern of spatial distribution decreasing from outside to inside. (2) From the overall perspective, the network density of carbon emission and carbon absorption was relatively low, which implied that there existed a large potential for spatial collaboration; From the individual perspective, Wuhan City, Jiujiang City, Yueyang City were in the center of the carbon emission network. These cities played the role of "bridge" in the network, while Yichun City, Changde City and Ji 'an City were in the center of the carbon absorption network. The carbon emission of each node in the carbon budget network was inconsistent with the carbon absorption capacity, showing significant differences. (3) Based on this study, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was divided into three types of zone, including 12 payment zones, 13 balance zones and 17 replenishment zones. Corresponding low-carbon development directions and strategies were proposed for each type of zone.

The complete utilization of carbon compensation in the plantation system can facilitate the realization of a "carbon neutral" strategy. The study examined the spatiotemporal evolution of the carbon compensating rate in the plantation industry across 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of China from 2006 to 2020. The regional differences, spatial correlation, and the impact of social, economic, environmental, and developmental factors were investigated. The analysis framework incorporated a system dynamics (SD) simulation model to assess the carbon-compensating potential of the plantation industry. The results showed that: (1) China's plantation industry exhibited a carbon compensating rate consistently above 1, with an overall fluctuating upward trend and an average level of around 5.3. (2) The carbon compensating rate of the plantation industry exhibited significant regional disparities, with the highest rate observed in the northeast region, followed by the western region, the national average, the eastern region, and the central region. At the provincial level, there was considerable variations in the level of carbon compensation, with a maximum difference of 11.60. (3) In terms of temporal changes, the carbon compensating level in Liaoning Province, Shandong Province, Hebei Province, Shanxi Province, Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, and Guizhou Province had experienced a significant increase. However, it was worth noting that Beijing City had shown a decreasing trend in the carbon compensating level. (4) The carbon compensating potential of the plantation industry exhibited variations across different scenarios. The carbon offset rate showed an increasing trend from low to high in the following scenarios: ensuring food security development, conventional development, integrated development, and enhanced energy conservation and emission reduction development. However, the carbon compensating rate in the enhanced agricultural input development scenario demonstrated a decreasing trend. Based on these findings, the following recommendations were proposed as to optimize the structure of the plantation industry, to promote differentiated regional development, to establish a financial support system related to the reduction of agricultural pollutants, and to formulate reasonable and effective policies for the development of carbon reduction and sink enhancement. These recommendations support the utilization of the plantation industry's carbon compensation capacity and contribute to achieving a balanced carbon footprint in society.

Understanding the water and soil resource balance in China's critical grain-producing regions is essential for optimizing grain production structure national food . This study focuse on the Dongting Lake Basin in the southern and utilize multiple sets of land use data, conventional meteorological station data, and DEM data to systematically identify changes in cultivated land use land addition, type conversion, persistence, and loss. Additionally, the Penman-Monteith equation and the effective precipitation model employed to reveal the climate water balance characteristics and the impact of cultivated land use on water and soil resources. The results indicate : 1) Over the past 40 years, paddy fields in the Dongting Lake Basin maintained a relatively stable spatial distribution, while dryland shifted northwestward by 17.36 km2. The relative proportion of persistent cultivated land reached 70.63%, and areas with lost cultivated land primarily distributed in regions Huaihua and Xiangxi Prefecture. The newly added cultivated land s converted from forest land, conversions concentrated in areas Hengyang, Shaoyang, and Loudi; 2) The southern and Dongting Lake regions exhibit higher evapotranspiration capacity, while the western to northwestern regions lower capacity. Effective precipitation gradually increase from northwest to southeast; 3) The proportion of water-deficient areas was only 1.79% in 1980 but increased to 32.84% by 2020. The Dongting Lake region and Yongzhou face a higher risk of water deficit; 4) The climate water balance of cultivated land shifted from a surplus to a coexistence of deficit and surplus. Water-deficient areas mainly distributed in the Dongting Lake region, the northwestern part of the Xiangjiang River Basin, and Yongzhou. The expansion of water-deficient areas s mainly concentrated around changes in cultivated land use, with paddy fields as the core.Thfindings provide valuable insights for making informed decisions on the sustainable development and utilization of cultivated land in the studied basin.

Clarifying the income transformation of poverty alleviation households in underdeveloped mountainous areas is of great significance for consolidating poverty alleviation achievements and promoting rural revitalization. This article analyzed the overall level and structural characteristics of household income based on the investigation data from 24 poverty-stricken villages in × County, Hubei Province, covering the period of 2016 to 2022. By using geographic detectors and binary logistic regression models, the factors influencing income transformation were explored. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) With continuous support from the government and the development of households themselves, household income had been improved to certain degrees, leading to significant poverty alleviation results in the local area. (2) Individual factors affecting total household income showed significant differences in explanatory power, with family endowment factors being the most prominent. The explanatory power of the interaction between two factors was higher than that of a single factor. (3) The income structure of most households had undergone obvious changes, with a continuous increase in the proportion of wage income and a significant enhancement of endogenous development motivation. (4) Family endowment and geographical environment had the strongest influence, with distinct differences in the direction and intensity of the effects. This article suggested that necessary assistance measures be improved based on the development status of poverty alleviation households, to further raise the income level and to optimize the income structure of the poverty-stricken population for the promotion of comprehensive rural revitalization.

 We studied the variations of water quality and its related driving factors of Dongting Lake from 2015 to 2020. Four water quality indicators were selected, including TN, TP, CODMn and NH₃-N, to analyze the lake water quality variations before and after the operation of the Three-year Action Plan. Water pollution index w and composite pollution index γ were calculated to assess the water quality pollution level of the lake. The driving mechanism of water quality variations was studied combining with four hydrological indicators, namely water level, inlet flow, inlet sediment volume and sedimentation, and four anthropogenic indicators of sewage treatment rate, livestock excretion, fish production and fertilizer application. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, the water quality of Dongting Lake showed an improving trend (p<0.05). The TN, TP and NH₃-N concentrations showed a significant decreasing trend, which were significantly reduced after the Action Plan. The composite pollution indices of Dongting East, Dongting South and Dongting West were respectively 0.86, 0.78, 0.78, and the pollution level of Dongting Lake was much higher in the eastern than in the western lake basin. (2) The water level, inlet flow, and inlet sediment volume were relatively stable, while sediment deposition rises significantly from -1 528.2×10⁴ t/a to 1 211.7×10⁴ t/a. (3) Livestock excretion, fertilizer application, sewage treatment rate, water level, and sediment deposition were the vital driving factors influencing the change of water quality. It was recommended that subsequent management be consistently strengthened to control the exogenous nutrients. Meanwhile, the hydrological conditions of Dongting Lake should be improved to enhance its hydrological connectivity.

The loss and fragmentation of suitable habitat in the wild is the biggest challenge for the protection of Chinese alligator. Building and maintaining the ecological corridor between habitats is an important protection strategy. Taking 8 blocks of the Chinese Alligator Nature Reserve as the ecological sources, this study aimed to build a comprehensive resistance surface, to simulate the ecological corridors between blocks, to identify the ecological “pinch points” and “barriers”, and to propose targeted protection and repair strategies. The Linkage Mapper tool and the Circuitscape program were used in this study. The research results were as follows: (1) There were 14 identified ecological corridors with a total length of 391.06 km, which were in the state of “long in the east and short in the west”. Seven key ecological corridors effectively connected Changle, Zhongqiao, Shuangkeng and Hongxing areas in the southwest of the study area; (2)12 ecological pinch points were identified, with an area of 82.35 km2. The protection strategy of giving priority to natural protection, supplemented by the creation of suitable habitat for Chinese alligator was put forward. At the same time, attention should be paid to the risk of certain pinch points that was disturbed by human activities; (3)19 ecological barriers were identified, with an area of 92.49 km2. It was mainly located in traffic trunk lines, urban land or surrounding radiation areas. Suggestions such as setting up animal migration channels, promoting ecological agriculture, optimizing the layout of residential areas, and resolving the conflicts between people and alligators were put forward.

Industrial revitalization is the foundation and key to achieve a comprehensive rural revitalization. The evaluation index system of rural industry revitalization was constructed from three dimensions: revitalization of agricultural product industry system, revitalization of multi-functional agricultural industry system and revitalization of agricultural support industry system. The entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to measure the level of rural industry revitalization in 25 prefecture-level cities in the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt (HREEB) from 2013-2022. The obstacle degree model was used to diagnose the obstacle factors of rural industry revitalization of the region. The study showed that, the level of rural industrial revitalization in the HREEB was relatively low. The comprehensive score fluctuated in the range of 0.2~0.4, showing an upward trend. There were strong spatial and dimensional differences in the revitalization level of rural industries among the three major regions of the HREEB , with a concave distribution characteristic of "high at both ends and low in the middle". Among the three dimensions, the revitalization of agricultural products industry system and the revitalization of multi-functional agricultural industry system had relatively high comprehensive scores, but the revitalization of agricultural support industry system had lower comprehensive scores. Further diagnosis of the obstacle model concluded that the imperfect construction of rural digital infrastructure, weak rural energy input and support capacity, and insufficient cultivation of new types of business were the main factors restricting the revitalization of rural industries in the HREEB. Countermeasures were proposed in terms of strengthening cross-regional synergy among cities along the Huaihe River, promoting rural digital infrastructure construction, strengthening rural energy revolution, and fostering the development of new industries and new business forms in the countryside.

With the continuous expansion of tea plantation area, understanding the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon and its influencing factors is of great significance in guiding the construction of carbon sink tea plantations. In this study, we investigated the dominant factors affecting the spatial variability of soil organic carbon content in different soil layers of tea plantations. Soil samples from regional tea plantations and the surrounding woodlands and scrub grasslands in Guizhou Province were collected. GIS cluster analysis and the geographical detector model analysis were adopted in the study. The results showed that the soil organic carbon content of regional tea plantations ranged from 5.61 to 80.92 g·kg-1. The spatial distribution was moderately variable (coefficient of variation 0.47). The average content of soil organic carbon was 49.34, 29.80, and 19.65 g·kg-1 in the three regions of woodland, tea plantation, and scrub grassland, respectively. The soil organic carbon content of tea plantations decreased with the increase of soil depth. Quantitative assessment revealed that elevation was the dominant factor influencing the spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon in tea plantations. The changes in elevation significantly affected regional temperature and rainfall. The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in the surface layer was mainly influenced by temperature, while rainfall was the main influencing factor for the middle and lower soil layers. It was concluded that the carbon sequestration capacity and the carbon sink efficiency could be effectively increased by regulating the soil hydrothermal conditions in tea plantations.

In order to promote the continuous and stable decoupling of urban carbon emissions and economic growth in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and take the lead in completing the strategic mission of “double carbon” goal, this paper puts forward the concepts and identification methods of “decoupling trap” and “decoupling authenticity”, and then combines the Tapio decoupling model with the Logit model to analyze and test the “decoupling authenticity” status of carbon emissions and economic growth in 110 prefecture-level and above cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2019, and explores the main driving forces to break the “decoupling trap”. The results show that: (1) The 110 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt mainly show strong and weak decoupling. The expansion connection and growth negative decoupling show sporadic distribution, and the overall decoupling state is good. However, the decoupling state has spatial heterogeneity and time series fluctuation characteristics. Huangshi, Xiangtan and other cities have a re-coupling phenomenon, falling into a “decoupling trap” and showing a “pseudo-decoupling” state. (2) “True and false decoupling” cities have significant regional characteristics, “true decoupling” cities are mainly located in the downstream areas, and most of them are provincial capitals, cities falling into the “decoupling trap” are mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches. (3) Improving technological innovation capability, optimizing agglomeration scale and increasing foreign direct investment are important measures for cities to achieve endogenous decoupling and avoid falling into the “decoupling trap”.

Ozone pollution prevention and control is one of the three landmark battles of China's "14th Five-Year Plan" period to carry out in-depth pollution prevention and control actions. This study selected the maximum 8h monitoring value of near-surface O3 from 2015 to 2021, explored the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of near-surface O₃ concentration in national, provincial, urban agglomerations and key cities, and discussed the effectiveness of ozone pollution control in China since the "13th Five-Year Plan" period. The results showed that: ①Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the annual value of O₃ concentration near the surface in China had first increased and then decreased. In 2021, the concentrationdecreased by about 8.2%, compared to the value in 2019, implying that the growing trend was curbed. The high value was mainly concentrated in spring, summer and early autumn from May to September.②The spatial distribution of O₃ concentration near the surface in China showed a pattern of "high in the east and low in the west" bounded by the Hu-Huanyong line. The medium and high-value areas were mainly concentrated in North China and spread to central China and coastal cities. ③The concentration of O₃ near the surface of urban agglomerations showed the characteristics of "contiguous" distribution. The concentration of O₃ in the eastern urban agglomeration was higher than that in the western urban agglomeration. The concentration of O₃ in urban agglomerations in North and East China, such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and the Central Plains urban agglomeration, was relatively high.④During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the ozone pollution of the upgrading urban agglomerations was significantly improved. The O₃ concentration in the five major urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and Yangtze River Midstream decreased by 15.51%, 6.35%, 11.66%, 5.26% and 12.56% respectively for 2019 to 2021; The effect of pollution control in central cities was also remarkable; The O₃ concentration in the northern developing urban agglomerations was high, while the O₃ concentration in the other two developing urban agglomerations in the southern coastal area was relatively low. The collaborative emission reduction efforts between cities within developing urban agglomerations needs to be strengthened. The concentration of O₃ in fostering urban agglomerations was relatively acceptable. There were large differences in O₃ concentration in central cities, and the concentration of O₃ in key cities such as Taiyuan, Harbin, Yinchuan and Urumqi showed an upward trend. This study suggested that China's ozone pollution prevention and control battle focus on the spring, summer and early autumn from May to September. Regions of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Guanzhong Plain urban agglomerations should be paid more attentions. The prevention and control of ozone pollution in key urban agglomerations (such as the Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River)and the cities with severe ozone pollution (such as Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Jinan, Zhengzhou and Taiyuan) shouldbestrengthened further.

Agricultural non-point source pollution in Dongting Lake is becoming increasingly serious. It is a scientific issue to understand the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Dongting Lake basin.The improved output coefficient model and equal-standard pollution load method were used to calculate the TN and TP pollution load of 25 counties (cities and districts) in Dongting Lake Basin. The spatial distribution map of TN and TP pollution load was drawn with GIS to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of TN and TP pollution load in the basin. The results show that：（1）From the perspective of spatial scale, TN and TP pollution load on dimensional emissions has obvious regional differences in characteristics, and counties and districts such as Anhua, Taoyuan, Shimen, Pingjiang and Taojiang counties are the key prevention and control areas of agricultural surface source pollution in the Dongting Lake basin, and the areas with higher pollution load are concentrated in the upper reaches of the basin. （2）From the perspective of time scale, the TN pollution load was 11.95, 10.90 and 6.95 ×104 t/a and TP pollution load was 7.60, 7.00 and 4.21 ×104 t/a in 2010, 2015 and 2019, respectively. The TN and TP pollutant loads in the Dongting Lake Basin showed a significant reduction trend, and the TN pollution load was always larger than the TP pollution load. （3）TN and TP pollution load also showed a decreasing law from livestock and poultry breeding, land use and residents' life. （4）Cluster analysis method was used to classify the basin into four types: compound pollution, livestock and poultry breeding pollution, land use pollution and residential life pollution. Finally, in order to promote the comprehensive control of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Dongting Lake Basin, combined with the temporal and spatial characteristics of TN and TP pollution loads, some measures were put forward, such as scientific fertilization for planting industry, rational planning of livestock and poultry breeding scale and zoning, improvement of rural living environment, and development of ecological agriculture in accordance with the reality.

Reducing carbon emissions while ensuring grain security is currently an urgent problem that needs to be solved for optimizing agricultural planting structure. This study analyzed the influence of different cropping patterns on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint of paddy fields in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Four treatments were considered including one single-cropping pattern (i.e., winter fallow-rice) and three double-cropping patterns (i.e., Chinese milk vetch-rice, winter rapeseed-rice and winter wheat-rice). Methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions were simultaneously measured by static chamber and gas chromatography methods for two consecutive years. The life cycle assessment method was used to estimate the direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions caused by field production process and agricultural inputs. The carbon footprint was then accordingly calculated. The results showed that: (1) Double-cropping patterns significantly increased the annual CH₄ and N₂O emissions by 17.5%~64.5% and 60.7%~139.8%, and the annual soil organic carbon sequestrations by 17.3%~37.2%, respectively. (2) The soil organic carbon sequestrations under different cropping patters could offset 26.6%~35.6% of greenhouse gas emissions. When soil organic carbon sequestrations were taken into account, the average annual net carbon footprint per unit area for winter wheat-rice, winter rapeseed-rice, and Chinese milk vetch-rice was 13.79, 11.83, and 9.07 t CO₂-eq·hm^-2, respectively, which was 80.6%, 55.0%, and 18.8% greater than that for winter fallow-rice (7.63 t CO₂-eq·hm^-2). (3) Soil CH4 emissions were the most important contributor to the carbon footprint of paddy fields (61.8%~67.4%), followed by nitrogen fertilizer application (18.3%~23.9%), N₂O emissions (3.3%~5.2%) and diesel combustion (2.2%~2.8%). (4) Double-cropping patterns could increase the annual grain yields and economic outputs compared with those of single-cropping pattern, while planting grain and oil crops in non-rice season significantly improved the annual net incomes. However, no significant differences in the carbon footprint per grain yield and the carbon footprint per economic output were observed between the four cropping patterns. Therefore, winter fallow-rice was a relatively low carbon cropping pattern for paddy fields in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Considering the carbon emission, grain security and economic output, winter wheat-rice and winter rapeseed-rice were superior to winter fallow-rice. Development of effective strategies for CH₄ and nitrogen fertilizer reduction should be considered as a priority for reducing the carbon footprint of paddy fields.