Exploring the spatio-temporal disparities and the evolution of Chinese-Style Modernization (CSM) distribution in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is instrumental in optimizing the significant productive forces layout within the region. This endeavor entails systematically guiding the transfer of capital, technology, and labor-intensive industries from the downstream to the midstream and upstream regions of the YREB, as well as from central urban areas to the hinterland. The objective of this study was to catalyze the formation of new growth poles in underdeveloped areas of the YREB, thereby fostering indigenous development vitality. Constructing an evaluation index system for CSM based on five major characteristics, I employed the entropy method to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index for CSM in the 11 provincial regions of the YREB from 2005 to 2021. Subsequently, leveraging spatial quantile technique, I simulated the gradient grouping of CSM. Utilizing the Dagum Gini coefficient method, I measured the relative disparities in the level of CSM. Additionally, based on the kernel density estimation method, I characterized the absolute disparities and dynamic evolutionary features of CSM level. The main findings were as follows: (1) From the eastern to the central, and then to the western regions, the level of CSM in the YREB exhibited a conspicuous gradient descent trend. (2) Overall, the level of CSM in the YREB was consistently on the rise, with the non-uniform development scenario tending to weaken. (3) Relative disparity values were relatively high within economically developed regions and between economically developed and underdeveloped regions, but the values exhibited a trend of reduction. Simultaneously, economically developed region in the YREB manifested a polarization phenomenon in the level of CSM, with absolute disparity showing a diminishing trend. This paper provided a crucial reference for the quantitative analysis of CSM and the measurement of relative and absolute disparities in CSM within and between the regions.

 We studied the variations of water quality and its related driving factors of Dongting Lake from 2015 to 2020. Four water quality indicators were selected, including TN, TP, CODMn and NH₃-N, to analyze the lake water quality variations before and after the operation of the Three-year Action Plan. Water pollution index w and composite pollution index γ were calculated to assess the water quality pollution level of the lake. The driving mechanism of water quality variations was studied combining with four hydrological indicators, namely water level, inlet flow, inlet sediment volume and sedimentation, and four anthropogenic indicators of sewage treatment rate, livestock excretion, fish production and fertilizer application. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, the water quality of Dongting Lake showed an improving trend (p<0.05). The TN, TP and NH₃-N concentrations showed a significant decreasing trend, which were significantly reduced after the Action Plan. The composite pollution indices of Dongting East, Dongting South and Dongting West were respectively 0.86, 0.78, 0.78, and the pollution level of Dongting Lake was much higher in the eastern than in the western lake basin. (2) The water level, inlet flow, and inlet sediment volume were relatively stable, while sediment deposition rises significantly from -1 528.2×10⁴ t/a to 1 211.7×10⁴ t/a. (3) Livestock excretion, fertilizer application, sewage treatment rate, water level, and sediment deposition were the vital driving factors influencing the change of water quality. It was recommended that subsequent management be consistently strengthened to control the exogenous nutrients. Meanwhile, the hydrological conditions of Dongting Lake should be improved to enhance its hydrological connectivity.

Studying the impact of new-type urbanization on urban land green use efficiency is of great significance for achieving high-quality development of urbanization and sustainable use of urban land. Using 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2005 to 2020, the impact of new-type urbanization on urban land green use efficiency and spatial effect were analyzed using methods of super efficiency SBM model, window analysis method, and spatial panel Durbin model. The results showed that: (1) the level of new-type urbanization showed a fluctuating trend, and urban land green use efficiency showed a fluctuating trend. From a regional perspective, the characteristics in the order of Shanghai > Zhejiang > Jiangsu > Anhui were presented. The spatial difference between new-type urbanization and urban land green use efficiency was obvious. (2) There was a significant spatial positive correlation between the level of new-type urbanization and urban land green use efficiency. The change trend of bivariate global Moran's I presented an obvious “M” type, and the overall spatial dependence of the two was obvious. The local spatial correlation types between new-type urbanization and urban land green use efficiency had been increasing, after 2010, with high concentration areas mainly distributed in southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, and low concentration areas in northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui. (3) New-type urbanization can significantly improve urban land green use efficiency, showing a positive spatial spillover effect. Population density, foreign trade level, science and technology level, industrial structure and government scale all have different degrees of impacts.

In order to provide technical supports for the planning of Water and drought prevention and control, this work studied the change of runoff and hydrological drought of the Jialing River Basin under the background of climate change. Based on the hydro-meteorological data of the Basin from 1980 to 2020, a hydrological model was developed using SWAT. Driven by four scenarios of the CMIP6 data from five meteorological models, the model was used to project future changes in runoff in the Basin under future climate change from 2021 to 2100. The results showed that (1) The SWAT model performed well in the Basin. The R2 , NES of the simulated monthly runoff at the Beibei hydrological station were both greater than 0.8, with PBIAS less than ±10; (2)The CMIP6 data after statistical downscaling based on the historical period provided reliable runoff and drought estimates; (3)A weighted multi-model ensemble could improve the simulation accuracy and reduce the uncertainty of a single CMIP6 climate model; (4) Compared with the historical period (1980-2014), the temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration in the Basin all showed an increasing trend, for future climate scenarios, which implied that the Basin may become more humid and hotter. The runoff showed a significant increasing trend under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, while for other scenarios, the trend was not significant. The annual average runoff was lower than the historical runoff; (5) From the perspective of SRI at the scale of 12 months, the overall trend of the Basin was becoming more humid. Hydrological droughts were reduced under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, while in the other scenarios there was a fluctuation of various drought indicators; (6) From the perspective of SRI at the scale of one month, hydrological droughts in the Basin was mainly concentrated in autumn and winter. It was shown that there existed a shift from autumn drought to winter drought, in the scenarios other than SSP5-8.5.

Optimizing the spatial layout of the production-living-ecological at the village scale and revealing the spatial and temporal changes in the functional coupling and coordination of the production-living-ecological in the countryside are the prerequisites for realizing the revitalization and sustainable development of the countryside. Based on the village scale, this paper took Changling Town, Guangshui City, located in the low hilly region of northern Hubei, as the research area. The spatial and temporal change characteristics of the tertiary space from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed, based on the land use transfer matrix. The tertiary space function was explored using the coupling coordination degree model. The main driving factors was studied using the geographic detector. The study was expected to provide an effective reference for the sustainable development of rural areas, territorial space governance and ecological environment protection at the subsequent village scale. The results showed that: (1) the living space and production space of Changling Town in Guangshui City expanded from west to north during 2000-2020; (2) The coupling coordination degree of the production-living-ecological space in Changling Town of Guangshui City was in a relatively stable trend, and the overall was in a moderate state of imbalance; (3)Land use intensity was the most important driving factor that affected the spatial differentiation of the coupling coordination degree, followed by the proportion of cultivated land area and population density and other secondary factors. In general, the spatial and temporal variation of the coupling coordination degree was greatly affected by human activities.

The implementation effect of the Ten-year fishing ban policy is directly related to whether the goals can be successfully achieved proposed by the central government, including allowing fishermen "retreating fishing", "living stabilization" and "getting richer". Based on the survey of 14 counties in Hunan Province, a comprehensive benefit evaluation index system was constructed which included ecology, economy and society indicators. The entropy weight-TOPSIS model was used to evaluate the implementation effect of the fishing ban policy. This study found that: (1) In the short term, the economic and social benefits of the policy accounted for 85% of the total benefits, and the ecological benefits only accounted for about 15%. Achieving good ecological benefits required long-term persistence and more efforts. (2) Only counties that performed well both in ecological, economic and social benefits could achieve comprehensive benefits satisfactory. Counties with poor efficiency in individual indicators failed to achieve a high comprehensive benefit score. (3) Increasing the expenditure for the fishing ban, transferring employment training, and publicity of fishing ban could improve the comprehensive benefit greatly.

With the continuous expansion of tea plantation area, understanding the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon and its influencing factors is of great significance in guiding the construction of carbon sink tea plantations. In this study, we investigated the dominant factors affecting the spatial variability of soil organic carbon content in different soil layers of tea plantations. Soil samples from regional tea plantations and the surrounding woodlands and scrub grasslands in Guizhou Province were collected. GIS cluster analysis and the geographical detector model analysis were adopted in the study. The results showed that the soil organic carbon content of regional tea plantations ranged from 5.61 to 80.92 g·kg-1. The spatial distribution was moderately variable (coefficient of variation 0.47). The average content of soil organic carbon was 49.34, 29.80, and 19.65 g·kg-1 in the three regions of woodland, tea plantation, and scrub grassland, respectively. The soil organic carbon content of tea plantations decreased with the increase of soil depth. Quantitative assessment revealed that elevation was the dominant factor influencing the spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon in tea plantations. The changes in elevation significantly affected regional temperature and rainfall. The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in the surface layer was mainly influenced by temperature, while rainfall was the main influencing factor for the middle and lower soil layers. It was concluded that the carbon sequestration capacity and the carbon sink efficiency could be effectively increased by regulating the soil hydrothermal conditions in tea plantations.

New productivity forces (NPF) are crucial for advancing high-quality economic growth and achieving modernization in the Chinese context. This paper utilized Theil index, exploratory spatial-temporal data analysis framework, and spatial econometric model to assess and examine the spatial-temporal evolution pattern and influencing factors of NPF development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) through a comprehensive evaluation index system. The results showed that: (1) The NPF advancement in the YREB increased from 2013 to 2021, however it remained relatively low. The average level of NPF in 2013 was 0.040, while in 2021 it rose to 0.101. The spatial distribution exhibited a pattern of high in the east and low in the west, high in the north and low in the south, indicating a clear regional clustering. The cities with high value points included Shanghai, Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chengdu, and other municipalities that are directly under the Central Governmentthat or are capital cities. The cities with low value points included Guang'an, Bazhong, Zhaotong, Dazhou, Suining, and other upstream cities. (2) There were notable disparities in the NPF progress across the entire region, with variations observed in the upper, middle, and downstream areas. These differences initially decreased and then increased. Within the regions, the disparities ranged from strong to weak in the upstream, downstream, and middle reaches, respectively. The contribution rates ranging from large to small to the overall regional development differences followed the order of downstream, middle reaches, and upper reaches. (3) The global spatial autocorrelation of NPF development was evident, with a correlation degree that fluctuated between weakening and strengthening. Both overall and local spatial structures remained relatively stable, displaying a strong spatial dependence during the evolution process, and indicating a dynamic spatial integration dominated by high cooperative elevation. (4) In terms of direct effects, the improvement of government administrative capacity had negative effects on the urban NPF development, while other factors had positive effects. In terms of spatial spillover effects, economic development and the improvement of marketization degree had positive spatial spillover effects on the NPF, while other factors had negative effects. (5) Thus, in urban construction, it is essential to establish policies and strategies to enhance the NPF growth based on local circumstances. Secondly, it is crucial to leverage regional economic development, financial restructuring, industrial upgrading, system enhancement, market reform, and government function transformation to support the NPF advancement. Lastly, it is necessary to strengthen the regional coordination mechanism, boost the impact of central cities on promoting small and medium-sized cities, and foster collaboration across many sectors to support the growth of the NPF.

The allocation of water resources has a profound impact on the regional economic development pattern. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWTP) provides strong support for optimizing water resource allocation and alleviating the serious water shortage in northern China. However, whether the operation of the SNWTP can promote the economic growth of the water-receiving areas and water-source areas still remains unclear. This article took the Central Line Project of the SNWTP as an example and used the synthetic control method to analyze the impact and mechanism of water supply on the economic growth of water-receiving areas and water-source areas. The research results showed that: (1) From the overall effect, the water transfer had a significant positive effect on the per capita GDP and nighttime light brightness of the water-receiving area and water-source area, indicating that the engineering water supply had effectively promoted the economic growth and activity of the two areas. From the perspective of dynamic effects, the promotion effect of engineering water supply on the economic growth of the water-receiving was hysteretic. In the first two years of water supply, a slight impact was shown on the economic development of the water-source area, and a positive promoting effect was shown thereafter. (2) The engineering water supply had a significant positive impact on the rationalization of industrial structure in water-receiving areas and water-source areas, and the rationalization degree of industrial structure promoted economic growth in the two areas. (3) The engineering water supply improved industrial structure sophistication in water-receiving areas, but the impact on the industrial structure sophistication in the water-source areas was hysteretic; The effects on industrial structure sophistication could significantly promote economic growth in the two areas. (4) From different dimensions of economic growth, the growth of per capita GDP in water-receiving areas and water-source areas mainly depended on the rationalization effect of industrial structure; The improvement of economic activity depended on the effect of industrial structure sophistication. Finally, this study provided policy recommendations for promoting the high-quality development of the follow-up project of the SNWTP to fully leverage its strategic and fundamental functions.

In the context of green and low-carbon development, research on the spatial correlation of land use carbon budget and carbon compensation zoning is of great significance for promoting regional coordinated development and governance and achieving high-quality development. In this study, the carbon budget of cities was calculated as the basic unit. The spatial correlation and structural characteristics of carbon budget in the middle reaches of Yangtze River were analyzed by using gravity model and social network analysis method. Using SOM-K-means model, carbon compensation zoning in the study area was carried out. The results showed that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, carbon emissions showed an upward trend, from 2.18×108t to 3.01×108t, with a spatial distribution of "higher in the east, lower in the west and highest in the center"; The carbon uptake fluctuated from 2.75×108t to 2.86×108t, showing a "C" pattern of spatial distribution decreasing from outside to inside. (2) From the overall perspective, the network density of carbon emission and carbon absorption was relatively low, which implied that there existed a large potential for spatial collaboration; From the individual perspective, Wuhan City, Jiujiang City, Yueyang City were in the center of the carbon emission network. These cities played the role of "bridge" in the network, while Yichun City, Changde City and Ji 'an City were in the center of the carbon absorption network. The carbon emission of each node in the carbon budget network was inconsistent with the carbon absorption capacity, showing significant differences. (3) Based on this study, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was divided into three types of zone, including 12 payment zones, 13 balance zones and 17 replenishment zones. Corresponding low-carbon development directions and strategies were proposed for each type of zone.

Objectively analyzing the impact of regional integration on tourism industry efficiency holds significant implications for promoting the high-quality economic and social development of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. The entropy method, linear weighting method, and super efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis SBM model were employed to measure the level of integrated development and tourism industry efficiency, from 2008 to 2020. The study also utilized the spatial Durbin model to reveal the underlying relationship and spatial effects between the two. The study found that: (1) The level of regional integration increased from 0.304 in 2008 to 0.490 in 2020, showing a robust upward trend. A "high-southeast, low-northwest" pattern was presented. The "high-high" and "low-low" cluster aggregation characteristics was evident. (2) The tourism industry efficiency value showed a slightly fluctuating downward trend, with the trough point appearing in 2020. The spatial distribution exhibited an "east high, west low, and middle-high with north-south low" pattern. The number of cities with high efficiency gradually increased and expanded to the southeast. (3) The level of regional integration had a significant spatial spillover effect on tourism industry efficiency. Government regulation, urbanization level, level of informationization, degree of transportation convenience, degree of openness, and level of technological development all had positive direct effects on local tourism industry efficiency. Urbanization level and level of informationization had positive spillover effects on neighboring tourism industry efficiency, while government regulation and transportation convenience exhibited negative spillover effects.

In order to study the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of bottomland in Dongting Lake since the middle of the Republic of China, this paper used the historical maps and aerospace remote sensing data of 15 periods since the middle of the Republic of China, used remote sensing interpretation and historical comparison methods to study subzone of bottomland development in modern Dongting Lake. The evolution characteristics and change reasons of main bottomland from 1938 to 2021 were analyzed. The results showed that the bottomland of Dongting Lake was dominated by terrigenous detritus, accompanied by biogenic sedimentation. The sedimentary types included lacustrine deposits, river alluvial deposits, floodplain and river delta deposits, and river lake interactive deposits. Furthermore, different sediment characteristics were displayed due to the different water and sediment conditions in different seasons. The modern bottomland of Dongting Lake was divided into 20 sub regions, including 9 sub regions in the east of Dongting Lake, 8 sub regions in the south of Dongting Lake, and 3 sub regions in the west of Dongting Lake. In the East Dongting Lake, Piaowei Island was the largest beach of Dongting Lake, with an area of 466.89 km2 during dry seasons. The estuary delta of the east branch of the Ouchi River was the fastest growing bottomland in the last century, which was located at the junction of Zhuzi bleeder in 1938, and estuary delta had extended 12.13 km2 eastward to the current shoreline, and then the river channel advanced 26.42 km2 toward the lake. The bottomland of South Dongting Lake mainly developed along the Songzhu River and the north of Wanzi Lake. The Xiangjiang River floodplain, the ancient Xiangjiang River and the Zishui Delta were eroded and silted, but their outlines were clear in dry seasons. In West Dongting Lake, Qili Lake had become a component of Songli floodway due to sedimentation, and the northern part of Muping Lake was the Songli Delta, while the southern part was the Yuanshui Delta. The sediment was severely silted up, and the main lakes were basically dried up during dry seasons. The research results provided objective data for the rational development and utilization of Dongting Lake bottomland resources and the adjustment of the Dongting Lake region's lake management strategy in the post-Three Gorges era.

Industrial revitalization is the foundation and key to achieve a comprehensive rural revitalization. The evaluation index system of rural industry revitalization was constructed from three dimensions: revitalization of agricultural product industry system, revitalization of multi-functional agricultural industry system and revitalization of agricultural support industry system. The entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to measure the level of rural industry revitalization in 25 prefecture-level cities in the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt (HREEB) from 2013-2022. The obstacle degree model was used to diagnose the obstacle factors of rural industry revitalization of the region. The study showed that, the level of rural industrial revitalization in the HREEB was relatively low. The comprehensive score fluctuated in the range of 0.2~0.4, showing an upward trend. There were strong spatial and dimensional differences in the revitalization level of rural industries among the three major regions of the HREEB , with a concave distribution characteristic of "high at both ends and low in the middle". Among the three dimensions, the revitalization of agricultural products industry system and the revitalization of multi-functional agricultural industry system had relatively high comprehensive scores, but the revitalization of agricultural support industry system had lower comprehensive scores. Further diagnosis of the obstacle model concluded that the imperfect construction of rural digital infrastructure, weak rural energy input and support capacity, and insufficient cultivation of new types of business were the main factors restricting the revitalization of rural industries in the HREEB. Countermeasures were proposed in terms of strengthening cross-regional synergy among cities along the Huaihe River, promoting rural digital infrastructure construction, strengthening rural energy revolution, and fostering the development of new industries and new business forms in the countryside.

In the context of global warming, the frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves are increasing, which seriously threatens the population health and socioeconomic development.How to identify the frequency belts of heat waves and clarify the potential population exposure risk of heat waves has been becoming a hot topic of academic concern.According to meteorological station data and demographic data, we used heat wave index to measure the severity of heat waves, and combined the heat wave days defined by wet bulb global temperature and population census data to construct the population exposure risk model of heat waveWe revealed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of heat waves and population exposure risk at the county scale in the Yangtze River economic Belt from 1964 to 2021.The results showed that: (1)The cumulative heat wave index in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a trend of first decreasing and then significantly increasing, with a spatially decreasing feature from the southeast to the northwest, and has an obvious spatial agglomeration.(2)In the past 60 years, the population exposure risk of heat waves in the Yangtze River Economic Belt increased by 962%, and the spatial distribution pattern was "one low and three high", which implied that the western region was low, while the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, core areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt were high.The agglomeration mode of population exposure risk of heat waves mainly presented an overall agglomeration, with local spatial agglomeration characteristics consisting of high exposure risk districts and counties and low exposure risk districts and counties.(3)Population factors and climate factors played a key role in changes in population high temperature exposure riskAfter 2000, the role of climate factors gradually strengthened, with the contribution rate increasing from about 50% to about 80%From a regional scale, population factors and climate factors contributed the most to the change of population exposure risk of heat waves in the middle and lower reaches.

Clarifying the income transformation of poverty alleviation households in underdeveloped mountainous areas is of great significance for consolidating poverty alleviation achievements and promoting rural revitalization. This article analyzed the overall level and structural characteristics of household income based on the investigation data from 24 poverty-stricken villages in × County, Hubei Province, covering the period of 2016 to 2022. By using geographic detectors and binary logistic regression models, the factors influencing income transformation were explored. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) With continuous support from the government and the development of households themselves, household income had been improved to certain degrees, leading to significant poverty alleviation results in the local area. (2) Individual factors affecting total household income showed significant differences in explanatory power, with family endowment factors being the most prominent. The explanatory power of the interaction between two factors was higher than that of a single factor. (3) The income structure of most households had undergone obvious changes, with a continuous increase in the proportion of wage income and a significant enhancement of endogenous development motivation. (4) Family endowment and geographical environment had the strongest influence, with distinct differences in the direction and intensity of the effects. This article suggested that necessary assistance measures be improved based on the development status of poverty alleviation households, to further raise the income level and to optimize the income structure of the poverty-stricken population for the promotion of comprehensive rural revitalization.

Reducing carbon emissions while ensuring grain security is currently an urgent problem that needs to be solved for optimizing agricultural planting structure. This study analyzed the influence of different cropping patterns on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint of paddy fields in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Four treatments were considered including one single-cropping pattern (i.e., winter fallow-rice) and three double-cropping patterns (i.e., Chinese milk vetch-rice, winter rapeseed-rice and winter wheat-rice). Methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions were simultaneously measured by static chamber and gas chromatography methods for two consecutive years. The life cycle assessment method was used to estimate the direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions caused by field production process and agricultural inputs. The carbon footprint was then accordingly calculated. The results showed that: (1) Double-cropping patterns significantly increased the annual CH₄ and N₂O emissions by 17.5%~64.5% and 60.7%~139.8%, and the annual soil organic carbon sequestrations by 17.3%~37.2%, respectively. (2) The soil organic carbon sequestrations under different cropping patters could offset 26.6%~35.6% of greenhouse gas emissions. When soil organic carbon sequestrations were taken into account, the average annual net carbon footprint per unit area for winter wheat-rice, winter rapeseed-rice, and Chinese milk vetch-rice was 13.79, 11.83, and 9.07 t CO₂-eq·hm^-2, respectively, which was 80.6%, 55.0%, and 18.8% greater than that for winter fallow-rice (7.63 t CO₂-eq·hm^-2). (3) Soil CH4 emissions were the most important contributor to the carbon footprint of paddy fields (61.8%~67.4%), followed by nitrogen fertilizer application (18.3%~23.9%), N₂O emissions (3.3%~5.2%) and diesel combustion (2.2%~2.8%). (4) Double-cropping patterns could increase the annual grain yields and economic outputs compared with those of single-cropping pattern, while planting grain and oil crops in non-rice season significantly improved the annual net incomes. However, no significant differences in the carbon footprint per grain yield and the carbon footprint per economic output were observed between the four cropping patterns. Therefore, winter fallow-rice was a relatively low carbon cropping pattern for paddy fields in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Considering the carbon emission, grain security and economic output, winter wheat-rice and winter rapeseed-rice were superior to winter fallow-rice. Development of effective strategies for CH₄ and nitrogen fertilizer reduction should be considered as a priority for reducing the carbon footprint of paddy fields.

Urban parks can play the role of “cooling islands”. A comprehensive understanding of the cooling benefits of urban parks can effectively alleviate the urban heat island effect and improve the adaptability to climate change. Taking 25 urban parks in Nanjing city as the research object, this paper conducted a comprehensive study on the cooling benefits of parks with two maximum impact indicators of park cooling area, cooling efficiency and two cumulative impact indicators of park cooling intensity and cooling gradient. The results showed that: (1) The urban park had a significant cooling effect, by reducing the ambient temperature by 0.16 ℃-2.28 ℃. (2) The correlation analysis showed that the park cooling area was significantly positively correlated with PP, PA and NDVI, and the park cooling efficiency was significantly negatively correlated with PP, PA and LSI. The cooling intensity and gradient were positively correlated with NDVI, PP and PA. The correlation between the four cooling indexes and MNDWI was not significant. (3) Different cooling benefits were shown for different types of parks. Special parks or community parks were better fitted to the areas of tight land use. Construction of comprehensive parks should take more consideration of complex boundary conditions and vegetation conditions to maximize the cooling benefits. This study was expected to guide the construction and optimization of urban parks in the future, to effectively respond to the urban heat island effect.

The Ganfu Plains irrigation area is the largest water diversion irrigation area in Jiangnan and the largest irrigation area in Jiangxi Province. It is considered a typical "human-society-nature" composite ecosystem. To evaluate the ecological environment quality change of Ganfu Plains irrigation area from 2002 to 2021, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) was constructed by integrating four indicators of NDVI, WET, NDBSI and LST with the principal component analysis method. The Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing image data in 2002, 2008, 2015 and 2021 were used. The results showed that the ecological environment of Ganfu Plains irrigation area continued to improve from 2002 to 2021. The mean value of RSEI increased from 0.477 to 0.552, with an increase of 15.71%. NDVI and LST were the most significant influencing factors on ecological quality. The RSEI level of the irrigation area was mainly at the medium level. In the past 20 years, the area of excellent and fine ecological quality grades continued to increase with a rate of 48.37%.The most prominent improvement was in the east bank of Fuhe River and Jinxian County. Because of urban expansion and hydrometeorological drought, areas with deteriorating ecological environment quality were mostly distributed in the main urban areas, agricultural areas and coastal areas of rivers and lakes. Therefore, whether to coordinate climate change and ecological environment protection while modernizing irrigation areas was the key to achieve sustainable development in irrigation areas. The research results reflected the changes in the ecological environment quality of the Ganfu Plains irrigation area, and provided theoretical reference and scientific basis for regional ecological environment governance and protection.

Exploring the spatial distribution characteristics of ethnic villages and revealing its influencing factors will help to protect and develop resources in ethnic areas and promote the economic and social development. In this paper, 65 ethnic villages in southwest Hubei were selected as the research objects. The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors were analyzed by using GIS spatial analysis and geographical detector research methods. The results showed that: （1） the spatial differentiation of ethnic villages in southwest Hubei was remarkable, showing a "three areas-multiple scattered points" nuclear density distribution trend, forming a "V-shaped" high-density distribution belt composed of Enshi City, Xuanen County, Xianfeng County and Hefeng County. The number of villages in the region was obviously polarized between the west and the east, showing the spatial distribution trend of cold hotspots of "hot in the west and cold in the east, high in the northwest and high in the northeast"; （2）Dominated by natural factors, ethnic villages in southwest Hubei were mostly distributed in strips on the sunny slope of the mountain within 2km from the river, with small relief and an altitude of 600-900 m; （3）Restricted by socio-economic factors, there was a positive correlation between the ethnic population and the number of ethnic  villages, and a negative correlation between the distance from the central town and the level of economic development and the number of ethnic villages.

As an important type of social ecosystem, mountain plays an important role in the ecological conservation of land space, regional coordinated development, national sustainable development and the construction of national overall security system. This paper took 384 types of datasets on the theme of ' mountain social ecosystem ' funded by the National Social Science Fund from 1991 to 2021 as samples, and used Python,Arcgis and CiteSpace to analyze the basic situation, research group characteristics and hot topics of mountain social ecosystem research projects. The results showed that : （1） In terms of the basic situation of the project : the number of annual project of mountain research showed a fluctuating growth trend, which could be divided into three stages : initial development, jump rise and spiral growth. The number of projects on western area had obvious advantages, which was 2.72 times of the average level. The distribution of disciplines had the dual characteristics of diversification and focusing, involving 96 % of the subjects, but was significantly concentrated in ethnology, accounting for 34%.（2） In terms of the characteristics of the research groups, the spatial distribution of the study population showed a trend of shifting from the southwest cold spot gathering area to the central hot spot gathering area.（3）As far as the research area and content were concerned : the hotspots in the mountain project research area were concentrated and the distribution was severely unbalanced. The hotspots were significantly concentrated in Wuling Mountain and more than 80% of the main mountains were not included; The research content mainly focused on mountain ethnic culture, mountain poverty alleviation mechanism, mountain coordinated development and mountain ecological security, with significant cohesion. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the research hotspots, policies and literature of mountains, this paper concluded that the construction of mountain discipline system, the re-understanding of mountain functions and the cross-domain joint governance of mountains were worthy of academic attention and further research.

Transportation serves as the vanguard of China's modernization, with high-speed rail standing as a significant emblem of transportation modernization. The spatial flow of high-speed rail has emerged as a crucial perspective for investigating urban and regional spatial structures. Utilizing GIS spatial analysis and social network analysis methods based on national railway passenger train schedule data from 2009 to 2020, focusing on 369 administrative units in China, this study explored the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of urban network intensity and structure, and examined the developmental disparities within and between regions. The following were the primary conclusions: (1) The intensity of urban network associations in China hadexperienced a rapid surge, with the hierarchical structure transitioning from quantity-oriented to quality-driven. Moreover, cities in central and western China were consistently ascending to the highest echelon of urban centers. (2) The network density and core-periphery structure of the urban network were in spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The urban network in coastal areas had higher correlation strength and a more hierarchical structure, and the urban network in the central region exhibited moderate correlation intensity, but operated on a larger scale. The southwest and northwest regions experienced a delayed period of high-speed rail (HSR) operation; however, their urban networks developed rapidly. Conversely, the northeastern region was the earliest HSR operation but witnessed a slower development of urban network. (3) The number of city pairs with cross-regional connections was increasing, and the intensity of cross-regional city network connections continued to increase, however was still dominated by low-level connections. The region with the highest concentration of cross-regional connections had shifted from the eastern coastal area to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. (4) The centrality index exhibited an upward trajectory. Cities with higher degrees of centrality were predominantly concentrated along the Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Harbin-Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Road and Bridge, as well as the Shanghai-Kunming passageways. Conversely, cities with higher centrality primarily consisted of regional central cities with elevated administrative levels.

以青海湖流域为研究区，探讨土壤保持服务时空变化特征及空间异质性归因，为流域生态保护与可持续发展提供参考。基于1985~2020年8期土地利用数据，结合地形、土壤和气象数据，运用InVEST模型及地理探测器方法，模拟土壤保持服务、评估土壤保持量及其价值、对其空间异质性归因。结果显示：(1)青海湖流域1985~2020年土壤保持量变化区间为3.36×108t~11.73×108t，变化明显，表现为先下降后上升再下降的变化趋势；土壤保持量在空间分布上表现为西北高东南低。(2)不同土地利用类型中，草地土壤保持强度和土壤保持总量最大；土壤保持强度随海拔和坡度的增加而增加。(3)流域年均土壤保持服务价值为6.12×1010元，以保持土壤肥力的价值E1为主。(4)地理探测单因子结果显示土壤类型和高程解释力最为显著；土壤保持服务空间分异的影响程度由多因子共同决定，整体上以植被覆盖度与土壤类型的交互作用解释力最高，而高程和土壤类型共同作用于植被覆盖度，植被覆盖度为影响土壤保持服务空间异质性的主导因子。植被覆盖度因子在研究区土壤保持服务空间分异方面发挥着不可替代的作用，应采取相应的水土保持措施，提高植被覆盖度，减少水土流失，增加土壤保持能力，改善生态环境，使生态系统土壤保持服务价值增益显著。

The change in lake ice phenology is a sensitive indicator reflecting climate change.Lake ice phenology over the QinghaiXizang Plateau (QXP) is however rarely observed and recorded.The numerous lakes in the QTP have significant functions within the climate system, influencing the balance of water and energy in the region, and are additionally viewed as key indicators of local climate change.Based on lake ice phenology dataset from 126 lakes on the QXP and meteorological data, this article analyzes the changes of lake ice phenology and influencing factors in the QXP from 1978 to 2016.Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.(1) The freezeup start (FUS) and freezeup end (FUE) of lake ice appears in midNovember, and midDecember, respectively.The time of breakup start (BUS) and breakup end (BUE) of lake ice is relatively dispersed, and appears in early April and early June, respectively.The average freezing duration (IceD, between BUE and FUS), complete freezing duration (CID, between BUS and FUE) were 168 days and 114 days, respectively.(2) The spatial difference of the change trend of the lake ice phenology in the QXP is relatively significant.The freezing time, melting time and duration of the ice period of most lakes show an obvious trend of advancing, delaying and shortening, while some lakes have no obvious trend of change.(3) The spatial distribution characteristics of lake ice phenology in the QXP have obvious regional differences, but the spatial distribution characteristics of each index are relatively similar, that is, there is a spatial distribution pattern of early lake ice formation date, delayed ice melting date, and extended ice period duration from the south to the north.(4) The spatiotemporal variability of lake ice phenology is the result of the combined effects of climate change and lake conditions.Temperature is a key factor affecting lake ice phenology, while precipitation, latitude, and lake area are the main factors influencing the dates of iceon and iceoff.On the other hand, the dates of beginning and complete ice melting are mainly influenced by wind speed, latitude, and altitude.Wind speed, precipitation, latitude, and altitude are the main factors affecting the duration of the ice period and complete ice cover.In summary, under the background of global warming, the formation, melting, and duration of the ice period in the lakes on the QXP are undergoing significant changes.

In the new stage of historical development, there is an urgent need for low-carbon transformation in economic development. Energy conservation and emission reduction, green low carbon have become the top priorities of China's economic development. Improving carbon emission efficiency is the key to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals while maintaining high-quality economic development. This paper took 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research objects and used the super-efficiency SBM model considering unexpected output and the Malmquist index method to calculate carbon emission efficiency. Natural segmentation method of ArcGIS10.7 and Theil index were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and regional differences. Finally, spatial Durbin model was constructed to further explore the influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency. The results showed that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the carbon emission efficiency showed a fluctuating trend, and the overall carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was insufficient. The efficiency level was greatly affected by technology and scale. (2) Malmquist index showed that the key reason for the significant gap of carbon emission efficiency among regions lied in the complementarity and mutual promotion of various efficiency indexes and the imbalance of emission reduction technology development. (3) The number of cities with the highest and higher carbon emission efficiency zones increased, and the agglomeration status of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was gradually becoming apparent. (4) Except for the level of economic development, other factors demonstrated significant positive or negative direct effects on carbon emission efficiency. The spatial spillover effects of economic development level, industrial structure, green technology innovation, and government intervention on carbon emission efficiency were indicated as significant factors.

The loss and fragmentation of suitable habitat in the wild is the biggest challenge for the protection of Chinese alligator. Building and maintaining the ecological corridor between habitats is an important protection strategy. Taking 8 blocks of the Chinese Alligator Nature Reserve as the ecological sources, this study aimed to build a comprehensive resistance surface, to simulate the ecological corridors between blocks, to identify the ecological “pinch points” and “barriers”, and to propose targeted protection and repair strategies. The Linkage Mapper tool and the Circuitscape program were used in this study. The research results were as follows: (1) There were 14 identified ecological corridors with a total length of 391.06 km, which were in the state of “long in the east and short in the west”. Seven key ecological corridors effectively connected Changle, Zhongqiao, Shuangkeng and Hongxing areas in the southwest of the study area; (2)12 ecological pinch points were identified, with an area of 82.35 km2. The protection strategy of giving priority to natural protection, supplemented by the creation of suitable habitat for Chinese alligator was put forward. At the same time, attention should be paid to the risk of certain pinch points that was disturbed by human activities; (3)19 ecological barriers were identified, with an area of 92.49 km2. It was mainly located in traffic trunk lines, urban land or surrounding radiation areas. Suggestions such as setting up animal migration channels, promoting ecological agriculture, optimizing the layout of residential areas, and resolving the conflicts between people and alligators were put forward.

The resettlement work in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region has entered a new stage of post-assistance. The challenge lies in achieving "common prosperity" for resettlers and non-settlers without discrimination based on the foundation of "moving out, stabilizing, and becoming wealthy". Income and expenditure are the most critical aspects of any household's economic activity, and the level and structure of expenditure reflect the family's quality of life. Taking 119 rural resettled families in Zigui and Badong counties in the Hubei Province as examples, this article attempted to use the extended linear expenditure model (ELES model) from the perspective of expenditure-based povertyto conduct a systematic quantitative analysis of the current consumption expenditure structure of rural resettled families. The analysis showed that the situation of resettled households was continuously improving, but the resettlement consumption expenditure only met the basic needs. The basic needs such as food occupied a large proportion of all needs. The high-level demand expenditure was severely insufficient. Major diseases and other sudden temporary expenses were likely to cause the failure of long-term government support efforts. In response to the above issues, this article exploredthe optimization suggestions on post-relocation support paths in terms of strengthening temporary assistance, "precise dripping" assistance, embedding post-resettlement policies into the urban and rural social security system, increasing income and consumption "dual drive", and removing the "label" of resettlers. The research conclusions and suggestions could be used as useful reference for decision-making aiming to improve the post-relocation support policies for resettlers in the new stage and to optimize the post-assistance work in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.

With the accelerated pace of global climate change, the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events such as high temperatures, heavy rains, droughts and low temperatures cause an increased frequency of agro-meteorological disasters, which  poses a huge challenge to the stable supply of grain production. Based on the daily temperature, rainfall meteorological and agricultural production data of 28 cities and municipalities in the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt from 2001 to 2020, this paper adopted the linear trend estimation and spatial Durbin model to study the extreme weather variations and the impacts on grain production. The results showed that: (1) The number of extremely high-temperature days (SU35) showed an increasing trend, the number of extremely low-temperature days (FD5) showed a decreasing trend, and the inter-annual tendency rate for SU35 and FD5 were 1.85 days/10a and -2.24 days/10a, respectively. However, the inter-annual trends of rainstorm days (R50) and the longest continuous days without precipitation (CDD) were not significant. The days of SU35 was higher in the central and western regions, while the days of FD5 was higher in the northern regions. The days of RD50 showed a decreasing trend from the east to the central and western regions, and then to the northern regions, while the days of CDD showed the opposite trend. (2) Extreme weather had significantly negative impacts on grain production. 1% increase in the days of FD5, SU35, CDD, and R50, resulted in a decrease of 0.069%, 0.021%, 0.018%, and 0.008% in grain production, respectively. (3) The impact of extreme weather on grain production was regionally heterogeneous. Extreme weather mainly affected grain production in the central and western regions and the northern region, while this impact in the eastern region was not significant. In the future, grain yields stability in the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt can be maintained through measures of cultivating new crop varieties that are resistant to drought and flooding, improving the ability to monitor extreme weather changes, strengthening synergistic linkages among region governments, and continuing to maintain high-standard farmland.

Exploring the interactive relationship between agricultural transformation development and agricultural eco-environment can promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy and the construction of beautiful China. Taking the Qinling-Daba Mountain Area as an example, this study used the entropy weight method to evaluate the level of agricultural transformation development and agricultural eco-environment, based on the constructed comprehensive indicator system. A coupled coordination degree model was used to explore the evolution trend and characteristics of the interactive relationship. The geographic detectors were applied to analyze the main influencing factors on the coupling and coordination. The results were as follows: (1) From 2003 to 2020, the agricultural transition development level and agricultural eco-environment level showed an upward trend. (2) The coupling and coordination degree shifted from low to high in time, and the overall distribution pattern showed a spatial heterogeneity. The coupling and coordination type gradually shifted from agricultural eco-environment lagged to agricultural transformation development lagged. (3) The main influencing factors of the coupling coordination degree of the two systems included the cultural level of rural employees, the proportion of agricultural output value in regional GDP, the area of soil erosion control, and the ratio of crop sown area to farmland area. The synergy between factors was strong. Our results indicated the agricultural transformation in the Qinling-Daba Mountain Area should be oriented towards the ecological development. Differentiated development strategies should be implemented for different regions.

This paper conducted a theoretical analysis of the impact of agglomeration of productive services (APS) on urban haze pollution, focusing on the role of green innovation in this process. Using a panel data set of 278 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2005 to 2019, we empirically examined the direct effect and heterogeneity of APS on haze pollution, as well as the transmission role and threshold effect played by green innovation. Our findings were as follows: (1) the diversified agglomeration of productive services (DAPS) had a significant pro-reduction effect on haze pollution, while specialized agglomeration of productive services (SAPS) had an inverted U-shaped relationship with haze pollution. (2) Heterogeneity analyses showed that DAPS had a significant suppressive effect on haze pollution in western cities, large cities of type II, small and medium-sized cities and non-resource-based cities, and an inverted U-shaped effect on haze pollution in east-central cities, while a U-shaped effect on haze pollution in northeastern cities. SAPS exacerbated haze pollution in western cities. The impact on haze pollution in northeastern cities, resource-based cities and small and medium-sized cities was consistent with the conclusion of the full sample. The degree of agglomeration had not yet crossed the inflection point and was still at the stage of exacerbating haze pollution. (3) Green innovation was an important mechanism via which APS affected urban haze pollution, which played both a transmission effect and a threshold effect in the process.

The coupling relationship between carbon and water cycles in terrestrial ecosystems is one of the hot spots of global change research. However, the current research is mainly in arid and semi-arid areas, and the coupling mechanism of terrestrial carbon and water in humid regions is still unclear. Based on Remote Sensing and GIS, the coupling relationship between vegetation net primary productivity (NPP), soil moisture and evapotranspiration in Taihu Lake Basin was analyzed at different spatial and temporal scales. The results showed that the coupling relationships between NPP and hydrological elements were significantly different at different spatial and temporal scales: Based on all monthly data during the study period, evapotranspiration and NPP were significantly positively correlated, while soil moisture in 99.86% regions was negatively correlated with NPP. In the interannual scale, the correlation between the three was weakened. At the seasonal scale, soil moisture and NPP were negatively correlated in 82% of regions in spring, summer and autumn, among which spring was the most significant, which was mainly related to the difference of land cover and plant growth period. The study further found that the correlation between the three was closely related to topographic factors, which was manifested as a trend of weakening with the increase of slope or altitude. Finally, it was found that the Random forest model (RF_All model) based on the whole period monthly scale hydro-meteorological elements could estimate and predict the NPP of the basin well (R2 = 0.97，RMSE = 4.16 gC m-2 a-1，Bias = 0.37 gC m-2 a-1). The conclusion of this study has important theoretical significance for formulating the policy of ecological construction and sustainable development of Taihu basin under the background of global change.

 Based on the data samples in the Yangtze River Delta from 2018 to 2022, a social network analysis method was adopted to study the network structure of air pollution collaborative governance. The study found that: (1) In general, the network density of atmospheric pollution collaborative governance in the study area tended to increase, gradually evolving from the initial structural characteristics of "strong horizontal and weak vertical" to the characteristics of "strong horizontal and strong vertical". (2) The administrative forces had remarkably dominant influence on the coordinated air pollution control, and its network structure showed the hierarchical characteristics of obvious non-gradient distribution. In addition, the provincial administrative subjects played a key leading role in the network structure. (3) The structure of the regional air pollution collaborative governance network was significantly influenced by the provincial administrative boundaries. Cities within Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui formed a closely connected subset of cooperation. Cities within the provincial boundaries showed a closer relationship in carrying out air pollution collaborative governance, while trans-provincial collaborative governance connections were mainly concentrated on provincial capital cities or provincial boundary cities. (4) The distance between cities and jurisdictions division had significant impacts on the formation of the relationship of air pollution collaborative governance. Based on the research findings, this article proposed certain policy recommendations, such as improving the "three-level operation" structural model of regional cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta, promoting the flattened development of air pollution collaborative governance structure, and strengthening the trans-regional air pollution collaborative governance link.

There are numerous pumping stations in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, which are main channels for urban rainwater and sewage to the River. Jiangnan pumping station in the Great Tangxun Lake basin in Wuhan was taken as an example in this study. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model of the river section based on MIKE21 was built. The migration and diffusion characteristics of COD, NH₃-N, TP in the river section was simulated under three conditions, including normal discharge of sewage treatment plant tail water (ND), accident discharge of sewage treatment plant tail water (AD), and waterlogging drainage (WD). Compared with ND, the influence range and degree of WD on the concentration of water quality index in river reach increased significantly. The length and width of TP pollution zone exceeding Class II water quality standard increased by 2.66 times and 0.64 times, respectively. In addition, the TP concentration of the downstream Yangsigang national control section exceeded the standard by 0.16 times, which was equivalent to the impact of AD. Pumping station drainage was becoming a potential risk source of water quality exceeding the standard in flood seasons. The impact of pumping station drainage on the water environment was mainly controlled by the quality and flow of drainage. Developing a multi-objective operation and scheduling plan for pumping stations based on flood control safety, water environment protection, and other objectives was proposed for future research. It was suggested drainage pumping station in supervision and management of the river discharge outlet be considered, to force the improvement of water environment quality of cities along the River and to effectively reduce environmental risks of the main stream.

The Yangtze River Midstream Urban Agglomeration is an important growth pole for China's high-quality development. Identifying the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving forces of land spatial pattern evolution under different economic development gradients in this region is of great significance for optimizing the land spatial pattern and promoting regional coordinated development. This study utilized methods of land spatial transfer matrix, standard deviation ellipse, kernel density analysis, and spatial econometric models to reveal the characteristics and driving mechanisms of land spatial pattern evolution in the study area, during the period of 1990-2020. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) The proportions of different land spatial types in the study area were ranked from high to low in terms of ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space. The changes in land spatial pattern varied significantly under different development stages. (2) The competition among urban, agricultural, and ecological spaces formed a land spatial pattern of "increase in one, decrease in two". The improvement of economic development stages, the transformation patterns among different land spatial types became more complex and diverse. The farmland and green space were more prone to loss. (3) The urban space changed from a small number of main cores and unclear agglomeration characteristics to multiple core diffusion and an increase in high-value areas, with more drastic changes in the center of gravity; The agricultural space demonstrated an increase in the number of sub-cores, a significant decrease in high-value areas, a higher degree of spatial fragmentation, and a relatively stable change in the center of gravity; The kernel density of ecological space changed from spatial concentration to spatial fragmentation, especially in the northwest region. (4) The formation of land spatial pattern was driven by multiple factors including nature, population, and economy. The degree and direction of these factors' influence on different spaces varied. According to this study, it was necessary to fully consider the future development orientation of the Yangtze River Midstream Urban Agglomeration, strengthen land spatial classification management, and coordinate the driving factors of land spatial pattern, in an attempt to provide theoretical basis and decision-making reference for the coordinated, healthy, and sustainable development of the "three zones" in the study area in the new era.

Existing studies on the performance of green innovation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt mostly treat it as a "black box" for analysis, but often ignore the different stages of its innovation process. Based on the innovation value chain perspective, the green innovation activities were divided into two stages: research and development of science and technology and transformation of achievement. A network SBM model was constructed to measure the total green innovation performance and sub-stage performance of 108 cities at prefecture level and above along the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019. The spatial and temporal divergence and dynamic evolution characteristics were explored using natural break points, Theil index, and kernel density estimation. The panel Tobit model was used to examine the influencing factors. The results showed that: (1) in general, the total green innovation performance, science and technology R&D performance and achievement conversion performance in Yangtze River Economic Belt all showed a fluctuating upward trend, and the total performance of green innovation and R&D performance showed a distribution pattern of "high at both ends and low in the middle", while the performance of results transformation showed a decreasing spatial pattern of "down-middle-up". The spatial layout of "down-middle-upstream" decreased. (2) In terms of spatial differences, the regional differences of total green innovation performance and sub-stage performance showed a fluctuating downward trend, and the differences showed the structural characteristics of total green innovation performance < achievement conversion performance < science and technology R&D performance. (3) In terms of dynamic evolution, the total performance and sub-stage performance of green innovation were polarized, and the degree of polarization was that science and technology R&D performance < total green innovation performance < achievement conversion performance. (4) Factor analysis showed that innovation support, industrial structure, and environmental regulation had significant effects on green innovation and sub-stage performance, and there were obvious stage differences in the effects of intellectual property protection, enterprise scale, human capital, and urbanization on green innovation performance. These results provide a reference for decision making to promote green innovation performance enhancement and regional synergistic development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Accurate water level prediction can provide scientific basis for flood control and disaster reduction and water resource management in lake area. In this paper, the IPSO improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and EGA elite genetic algorithm were introduced to optimize the LSTM long short term memory neural network structure. The improved IPSO-EGA-LSTM model was used to predict the water level of the gauging stations in Dongting Lake area under the 1d forecast period. The accuracy of the model was compared with the LSTM, GRU and BP neural network models. The prediction accuracy of the model was evaluated under the longer forecast period (3d, 5d and 7d). Three kinds of model input conditions were further set, corresponding water level prediction schemes were put forward, and the prediction accuracy of each forecasting scheme (direct forecasting, synchronous forecasting, rolling forecasting) under different forecast periods was explored. The results showed that the IPSO-EGA-LSTM model was better than the traditional neural network model in predicting the water level of Dongting Lake. It effectively captured the variation characteristics of water level of Dongting Lake in different forecast periods. The Nash efficiency coefficient (NSE) in 1d forecast period was greater than 0.998, and the NSE was still greater than 0.9 in long forecast period. The three prediction schemes under different input conditions demonstrated better prediction effects, among which the synchronous prediction scheme had better performance than the direct prediction and rolling prediction under the long prediction periods.

Taking the Yangtze River Delta as a research area, this paper investigated the spatial effect and influencing mechanism of digital finance on high-quality development from the theoretical and empirical aspects. The findings were as follows: (1) Digital finance could promote the high-quality development of local and neighboring areas, and there were characteristics of dimensional heterogeneity, temporal heterogeneity and spatial heterogeneity. In terms of dimensional heterogeneity, the coverage breadth and use depth of digital finance had a significantly positive effect on local and neighboring high-quality development, while the digitalization degree had a significantly negative effect on local and neighboring high-quality development. In terms of temporal heterogeneity, the long-term impact of digital finance on local and neighboring high-quality development was greater than the short-term impact, indicating that the network effect and “Metcalfe’s law” of digital finance were significantly established in high-quality development system. In terms of spatial heterogeneity, the spatial spillover effect of digital finance and its subdivision dimension gradually decreased with the increase of geographical distance, and 215 km was found to be the effective spillover boundary. (2) The collaborative agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services (hereinafter referred to as “industrial collaborative agglomeration”), local government behavior (official replacement, fiscal expenditure bias, environmental regulation) were the important ways for digital finance to affect high-quality development, and could form collaborative forces with digital finance construction. (3) In the low-value region of high-quality development and the high-value region of Internet development, the dividend release of digital finance on high-quality development was more obvious.

The financial sector plays a crucial role in supporting a low-carbon economy, and the development of green finance is an indispensable pathway. It is of great significance to explore the effect of green finance on carbon reduction. The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), as a driving force for leading high-quality economic development, serves as the primary battleground for achieving the "dual carbon" goals. A variety of spatial econometric models were used to analyze the panel data of 11 provinces and municipalities in the YREB from 2013 to 2020. The impact of green finance on CO₂ emissions and its spillover effects were explored from a spatial perspective. The results showed that: (1) The development level of green finance showed an obvious spatial correlation in various regions of the YREB, with significant spatial aggregation characteristics. There were spatial spillovers of the impact of green finance, environmental investment, economic development and other factors on the level of CO₂ emissions. (2) The relationship between green finance and CO₂ emission level showed a significant inverted "U" curve. The impact of green finance development level on CO₂ emission level was first promoted and then suppressed. The environmental investment and economic development level negatively regulated the effect of green finance. Furthermore, the dynamic SDM model was used to verify the positive feedback effect of the time dimension of CO2 emissions. (3) Due to different geographical locations and economic developments, green finance demonstrated different impacts on CO₂ emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region and other regions. The impact relationship of the inverted "U" curve was more obvious in other regions outside the Yangtze River Delta. (3) Different geographical location and economic development led to the heterogeneity in the results. Green finance had different impacts on CO₂ emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region and other regions, and the influence of green finance on the inverted "U" curve of CO₂ emissions was more obvious in other regions outside the Yangtze River Delta.

The provinces and cities located in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are confronted with unbalanced and uncoordinated developments in the fields of ecology, innovation, and the economy sectors. An examination of the coordination relationships within these three areas may have significant importance for both theoretical and practical purposes. Using multiple empirical analysis methods, including the Super-Efficiency SBM-DEA model, the Entropy Weight Linear Weighting method, and the Entropy Weight TOPSIS method, this study respectively evaluated the haze governance efficiency, the green technology innovation index, and the low-carbon high-quality development index of the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2009 to 2020. The coordination between these three aspects was also explored, based on the coupling coordination degree model. The results indicated that: (1) The haze governance efficiency significantly differed from the green technology innovation index and the low-carbon high-quality development index at both the provincial and regional levels. (2) The coupling coordination of the ternary system displayed an overall increasing trend, with a positive spatial spillover effect and a spatial differentiation identified as "higher in the eastern region and lower in the central region". (3) The gap in coordination among the provinces and cities exhibited heterogeneity, but the divergences between regions were reducing over time. Based on these findings, this article put forward several proposals for enhancing the coordinated growth of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. These proposals included the optimization of resource and factor allocation, the design of tailored and targeted improvement strategies, and the implementation of cross-regional collaboration mechanisms.

Soil soluble carbon and nitrogen play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycle of urban ecosystem.In order to understand the distribution characteristics of soluble organic carbon and nitrogen in urban soil, this study took urban soil in Nanchong as the research object, and conducted relevant studies from multiple perspectives.The results showed that the contents of soil soluble organic carbon in surface urban soil was between 99.84 and 188.13 mg·kg^-1, and the contents of soil soluble organic nitrogen was between 7.57 and 75.09 mg·kg^-1, both of which decreased with soil depth.There existed significant differences in soil soluble organic carbon and nitrogen under different vegetation types, eg.the former followed an order of evergreen forest > herbaceous > deciduous forest > shrub, and the latter decreased significantly in the order of evergreen forest, deciduous forest, shrub, and herbaceous.There was a significant difference in soluble organic carbon in urban soil among the five types of green space with a decreasing order of protective green space, affiliated green space, road green space, street green space, and park green space.However, there was no significant difference in soil soluble organic nitrogen among the different types of green space.The differences in soluble organic carbon and nitrogen in the soils of green space in different urban functional areas were at extremely significant levels.The former decreased in the order of cultural and educational area, commercial area, industrial area, and residential area, while the latter followed an order of cultural and educational area > commercial area > residential area > industrial area.The longer the urban soil was used, the higher the contents of soluble organic carbon and nitrogen in the soil, however, these differences were not significant through the years.The differences in soluble organic carbon and nitrogen in urban soil under different vegetation types, green space types, functional zones, and utilization years were the consequence of the interaction between the natural and human factors.

Innovation is the primary driving force of economic development. As the carrier of innovation activities, the spatial configuration distortion of industrial land and the impacts were the major issues related to the high-quality development of the regional economy. Based on the panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2008 to 2019, this paper used the spatial econometric model and the intermediary effect model to investigate the impacts and mechanism of industrial land spatial mismatch on urban innovation. The results showed that: (1) From the perspective of industrial land misallocation types, most of the central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region were identified as deficient misallocation, while most of the peripheral cities were identified as excess misallocation. (2) During the study period, the innovation level in the Yangtze River Delta region was generally improved, and the improvement rate of peripheral cities was greater than that of central cities; In terms of space, the level of urban innovation decreased from east to west, and gradually formed a continuous innovation zone centered on Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou. (3) The spatial mismatching of industrial land had a significant negative impact on urban innovation, and this negative impact was more obvious in areas with deficient mismatching, industries with high land dependence and for periods with strong land constraints; In excess mismatched areas, there existed a negative spillover effect of industrial land spatial mismatching. (4) For the excess mismatching area, the spatial mismatching of industrial land obstructed the improvement of the innovation level through the innovation capital extrusion mechanism and the innovation environment destruction mechanism; For the deficient mismatched areas, the spatial misallocation of industrial land mainly hindered the improvement of innovation level through the mechanism of innovation capital extrusion. This study implied that promoting the correction of industrial land spatial mismatch was an effective measure to break the barriers to urban innovation and help the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta region.