The urban-rural integrated development model represents a comprehensive paradigm. It is shaped by market forces and policy instruments, designed to facilitate bidirectional flows of production factors, ensuring equal exchange, fair resource sharing, and fostering mutual prosperity between urban and rural regions. The pursuit of innovative models of urban-rural integrated development is pivotal to achieve urban-rural integration in China. Based on a systematical review of global urban-rural integrated development practice models and extensive fieldworks, this study focuses on typical cases from national urban-rural integration pilot areas and proposes six typical practical models: the Extended-Chain and Strengthened-Chain Model for urban-rural industrial integration, the Equal Legal Price and Equal Market Rights Model for urban-rural construction land integration,the Unified Construction and Distribution for urban-rural infrastructure integration, the Same Standards, Equal Benefit Model for urban-rural public services integration, the Village Super League Model for integrating urban-rural cultural, tourism and sports,and the Delimitation of Property Rights Model for rural homestead land reform. These models offer successful paradigms applicable to nationwide urban-rural integration practices. However, there is no one-size-fits-all model for urban-rural integrated development, as these models display regional and developmental stage heterogeneity. These experience should be learned from but not rigidly replicated.

Urban and rural areas have the relationship of mutual promotion and mutual symbiosis. Whether the urban-rural relationship can be handled well is related to the overall socialist modernization construction. Accelerating the integrative development of urban and rural areas and promoting the common prosperity of urban and rural areas are not only the inherent requirements of Chinese path to modernization,but also a major measure to organically combine the new type of urbanization with the overall rural revitalization. Based on the analysis of the current imbalance of urban-rural development in China,this article proposes to improve the system and mechanism for promoting the new type of urbanization,consolidate and improve the basic rural operation system,improve the support system for strengthening agriculture,benefiting farmers and bringing prosperity to farmers,deepen land system reform,accelerate the establishment of the system and mechanism for integrative development of urban and rural areas,comprehensively improve the integration level of urban-rural planning,construction and governance,promote the equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural elements,constantly narrow the gap between urban and rural development. It will accelerate the formation of a new type of relationship between industry and agriculture,which includes mutual promotion of industry and agriculture,urban-rural complementarity,comprehensive integration,and common prosperity. It puts forward some policy suggestions that are gradually achieving the equality of basic rights and interests between urban and rural residents,the equalization of urban and rural public services,the balance of income between urban and rural residents,the rationalization of urban and rural factor allocation,and the integration of urban and rural industrial development.

The protection and utilization of traditional villages is not only a major practical issue to realize China's rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, but also a hot topic in the integration and cross-research of geography, sociology, planning, economics and other disciplines. In order to systematically explore the theoretical cognition, practical problems, system mechanism, practical experience and effective path of the protection and utilization of traditional villages in China, 11 experts in the research field of traditional villages were invited to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on the classification of Chinese traditional villages from three perspectives: policy change and typical model, macro mechanism and core theme, theoretical cognition and practical path, and focuses on specific practices such as industrial integration, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality, based on the theoretical understanding of the macro system and mechanism for the protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages. Advanced theoretical and practical issues such as industrial integration, landscape protection, organic renewal, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and locality were discussed in depth. According to the main views of the experts, the protection and utilization of China's traditional villages in the new era should focus on: (1) The main problems of protection and utilization of Chinese traditional villages facing the impact of rapid urbanization and modernization, the innovation of mechanism and system, and the realization path. In view of the conflict between modern civilization and agricultural civilization faced by traditional Chinese villages and the major strategic needs for national rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization, the combination of "top-down" and "bottom-up" is adopted to build a diversified integration mechanism featuring multi-subject participation, organic integration of agriculture, culture and tourism, and overall coordination. By exploring the endogenous growth factors of traditional villages and the historical inheritance and cultural context of traditional villages, strengthening the leadership of rural grassroots party building, giving play to the role of villagers as the main body, reshaping the public cultural space system of traditional villages and all-round digital twin modeling, etc., we will create a living environment that is in line with modernization development and ecological civilization construction and jointly build a cultural map, to realize the transformation of traditional Chinese villages from "vegetable gardens" and "back gardens" to "spiritual homes". (2) Core themes and specific spatial practices of protection and utilization of traditional Chinese villages for rural revitalization and Chinese-style modernization. Focus on the core themes of traditional village classification, industrial integration, organic renewal, landscape protection, vitality, value realization, subject drive, spatial governance and local reconstruction, and strengthen the classification and classification of traditional villages based on the coupling of key factors such as "livelihood, water, food, energy and land"; focus on the significance, connotation and influence mechanism of the time dimension, space dimension and attribute dimension of traditional village industrial transformation; focus on the three tasks of "protection and development countermeasures, measures to improve people's livelihood, and strategies to activate utilization" to promote the organic renewal of traditional settlements; emphasis should be placed on the gene protection and inner spiritual value mining of traditional human settlement cultural landscape, the "living" protection and utilization of traditional living space and the "activation" of traditional cultural heritage; focus on the diversification of traditional village activities, "co-construction, co-governance and sharing" and the construction of beautiful villages; the importance of natural non-human elements and human beings as spatial order construction and place construction of traditional villages and their active practice are emphasized to promote the realization of multi-functionality and multi-value of traditional villages. Pay attention to the excavation of traditional cultural heritage and intensive and efficient material space, create a harmonious and comfortable social space and protect and inherit traditional culture space; focusing on rural elements such as "ecology, culture, subject, and industry", strengthening ecological background, inheriting and developing local culture, balancing capital advantages and local embeddedness among local and cross-local subjects, so as to realize local reconstruction and characteristic remodeling of traditional Chinese villages.

Rapid urbanization has resulted in the reorganization of rural social space and the change of residential morphologies, as well as practical problems such as rural social differentiation and spatial imbalance. Understanding the logical mechanism driving changes in rural residential morphologies has become a crucial pathway for promoting new-type urbanization and rural vitalization. This paper explores the conceptual framework of the changes of rural residential morphologies, describes the process, characteristics and mechanism of the changes of rural residential morphologies, as well as its coupling relationship and mutual feeding mechanism with rural spatial transformation. It further discusses strateges for managing these changes in rural residential morphologies along with related plans for spatial governance transformation. The conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) The new-type urbanization putting people first leads to the changes of rural population flow and migration mode, and further leads to the rapid reorganization of rural social space and the drastic changes in residential forms. 2) The new-type urbanization process drives the changes of rural residential morphologies through four evolution stages: the change of housing pattern, the inefficient use of housing, the deviation of housing function and the idle of housing. Economic element, socio-cultural element and urban-rural policies have direct driving role, indirect influence role and macro-guiding role respectively. 3) The changes of rural residential morphologies promote the transformation of rural living, production, ecological and cultural spaces, and the coupled and interconnected mutual feed mechanism makes all kinds of spaces also exert influences on rural residential morphologies. 4) Under the guidance of smart development, the scientific preparation of village spatial planning is needed, as well as the use of digital technology to achieve rural cross-border governance. Promoting the diversified governance by boosting the urban-rural integrated development and improving the mechanism of rural spatial governance are the trends of spatial governance transformation for the in-depth implementation of the strategies of new-type urbanization and rural vitalization.

The exploration of homestead withdrawal can provide an important decision-making reference and theoretical support for deepening the reform of rural land system and accelerating the process of urban-rural integration and development. This paper takes Qingshui county in Gansu province as the research area, and based on the perceived value theory, combined with the hierarchical regression model, analyses the mechanism of risk perception and comprehensive satisfaction on the willingness of farmers to withdraw from homesteads by using 1025 micro-survey data, and further classifies the types of willingness of farmers to withdraw from homesteads. The results show that: (1) Risk perception negatively affects homestead withdrawal, with cognitive risk perception having the strongest effect and the facility risk perception being the weakest. (2) Comprehensive satisfaction has a negative effect on homestead withdrawal, with life satisfaction having the most significant effect and the satisfaction with public services and facilities being the weakest. (3) In the analysis of the contribution of independent variables, in terms of risk perception, the risk perception of the homestead withdrawal is the highest, and the perception of owning multiple homesteads is the lowest. In terms of comprehensive satisfaction, the water and electricity facilities receive the highest ratings, while cultural and entertainment amenities are rated the lowest. (4) Based on the two-dimensional analysis framework of 'psychological perception-emotional cognition', the willingness of farmers to withdraw from homesteads can be classified into four types: high-risk avoidance, high-satisfaction trade-off, medium-risk guidance, and low-risk drive. This paper proposes categorized governance strategies to address the characteristics of different types of farm households, aiming to provide a decision-making basis for sustainable rural land use.

Urban renewal is a prominent issue in promoting high-quality and sustainable development of Chinese cities in the context of connotative development in the New Era. As culture plays an increasingly important role in continuing urban history, creating spatial value, improving quality of life and stimulating economic vitality, it is gradually becoming a key driving force for promoting urban renewal. Based on the analysis of the evolution of the relationship between cultural elements and urban renewal since the reform and opening up in the late 1970s, this paper constructs a logical framework for cultural empowerment of urban renewal, and takes the old southern city of Nanjing as an example to explore the implementation paths, mechanism and effects of cultural empowerment of urban renewal. The study found that: (1) By leveraging the multiple roles of cultural resources such as historical culture, creative culture, and local culture in urban renewal, and through the process of cultural elements injection, spatial carriers adsorption, and renewal efficiency release, urban renewal can be empowered and its effectiveness can be enhanced. (2) From the process of urban renewal practice in the old southern city of Nanjing, the paths of cultural empowerment of urban renewal are revealed as the representation of historical symbols, the driving force of cultural and tourism consumption, the implantation of creative industries, the rooting of community spirit, and the embedness of cultural services. (3) Multiple stakeholders such as the government, market, and society are jointly promoting the urban renewal with cultural empowerment. To obtain more significant economic and social benefits, it is also necessary to further strengthen the connection between the renewal of historical and cultural spaces in old cities and the achievements of contemporary urban cultural construction, coordinate the promotion of cultural renewal at the spiritual level, and enhance the urban participation rights and sense of cultural achievement of local residents. (4) The culture-empowered urban renewal in China is different from the "cultural-led urban regeneration" in the West, which regards the protection, inheritance, and promotion of historical and cultural heritage, as well as the enhancement of residents' cultural identity, as important goals of urban renewal. Based on the concept of cultural sustainability in urban renewal, it is necessary to promote the benign two-way empowerment of cultural elements and urban renewal, and achieve a resonant development of the protection and utilization of cultural resources and moderate, orderly, tender, and organic renewal.

Accurate crop yield prediction is crucial for governments to understand production levels, plan agricultural activities, and ensure national food security. Meteorological factors critically influence crop yields, and yield prediction methods and technology systems based on these factors serve as important references. Meteorological yield prediction predominantly employs statistical methods because of their simplicity, ease of implementation, and high accuracy, making them the most widely used techniques in China. This study reviews the application of the most commonly used statistical methods in meteorological yield prediction in China—including the key meteorological factor, climate suitability, and historical meteorological impact index methods. Through extensive data collection and investigation, a detailed overview is provided regarding the crop types and regions where each statistical method has been applied, the quantities and time scales of selected meteorological factors, various calculation approaches for meteorological indicators, and the modeling techniques adopted. The paper elaborates on the effectiveness of each statistical method across different regions and crops, evaluates the performance of integrated statistical models, and compares the forecast accuracy of different approaches. In doing so, several issues in the statistical prediction of meteorological yields are identified. For example, the key meteorological factor method offers advantages such as easy model parameter acquisition and operational applicability; however, it primarily considers the effects of light, temperature, and water, potentially overlooking other meteorological factors and disasters. The climate suitability method comprehensively accounts for the light, temperature, and water resources required for crop growth but mainly focuses on average states with lower temporal resolution, making it difficult to capture the impact of short-term disastrous weather. The historical meteorological impact index method objectively and quantitatively predicts the influence of meteorological conditions on crop yields; however, it is challenging to identify truly similar years. These issues contribute to unstable forecast results. To overcome these limitations, future efforts can focus on integrating data from multiple sources (such as satellite remote sensing, wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things, etc.), introducing advanced data analysis technologies and new statistical methods (such as machine learning and deep learning algorithms), and combining these with crop growth models to establish an integrated technology system based on agriculture, meteorology, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence. This will facilitate the development of mixed forecasting models suitable for various spatiotemporal scales, which are efficient and highly accurate. By conducting applicability analyses for different regions and crops, the precision, accuracy, and comprehensiveness of agricultural meteorological services will be enhanced.

Current research on tourism resource development predominantly focuses on the economic attributes of resources and their economic transformation effects on products or industries, with limited attention to the social attributes and social effects of these resources. This paper conducts a comparative study of three rural communities in the circum-Erhai Lake region of Yunnan province with varying degrees of tourism involvement. The study explores the community heterogenization effects of tourism resource development and the bidirectional driving mechanisms between tourism resource development and community heterogenization. The research findings are as follows: Firstly, distinct from other rural resource development models, tourism resource development leads to both vertical economic heterogenization and horizontal group heterogenization among homogeneous village communities. Secondly, there is a bidirectional driving mechanism between tourism resource development and community heterogenization. On the one hand, tourism resource development brings about the transformation of resource value, establishing a link between "natural resources" and "social resources," resulting in the attraction of material wealth and population groups. On the other hand, community heterogenization creates internal tension among resource users, fostering diversified and systematic resource utilization methods, thereby promoting the integration of resource types and the enlargement of resource categories. Under the dual influence of external market and internal community drivers, tourism resources are developed and redeveloped, exhibiting value amplification and category enlargement effects.

As the scarcity of global water intensifies, accurate assessments of water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) have become essential for sustainably managing regional water resources and combating the adverse effects of climate change. However, the water resources-ecology-society system is highly complex, involving multidimensional interactions anddynamic internal changes that cannot be fully captured by a single evaluation method. This paper reviews the application status and research progress of coupled-model methods for WRCC evaluation. A systematic comparative analysis reveals the strengths and limitations of the major evaluation methods—systems analysis, comprehensive evaluation, and machine learning—in WRCC evaluation. Particular attention is devoted to the challenges of these methods in arid regions. The dynamic feedback mechanisms, nonlinear modeling capabilities, data-driven characteristics, and applicabilities of different methods are analyzed through a horizontal comparison study. The review also analyzes the suitabilities and limitations of each method in arid regions and explores the feasibility of coupled models, providing new insights for resolving WRCC issues in these areas. Multimodel integration and data-driven optimization will enhance the generalizability and applicability of models in future, facilitating the transition of water resource management from static evaluation to dynamic simulation and precise prediction. These developments will offer scientific support for sustainable water resource utilization in arid regions and worldwide.

The development of characteristic agriculture is an important approach to achieving rural revitalization and promoting county-level economic development by stimulating industrial vitality. How to combine resource advantages and transform them into industrial strengths is the key to build a high-quality characteristic agriculture industry. This paper selects 31 county-level characteristic agriculture cases as research objects, constructs a TOE and dual-dimensional theoretical indicator system, and uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to extract element combinations and examine the influencing factors and differentiated paths of characteristic agricultural development in China's county-level areas. The study shows that: (1) "organizational resources" and "crop varieties" are the core factors for achieving high-quality development in county-level characteristic agriculture. (2) The high-quality development of county-level characteristic agriculture presents mixed development models, including market-oriented, organization-oriented, and technology-oriented models, as well as outward development models embedded in elements and inward development models relying on endowments. (3) Non-high-quality development of county-level characteristic agriculture exists in outward deficiency models constrained by organizations and mixed deficiency models constrained by organizations-environment and technology-environment. (4) The integration of multiple resource paths from both internal and external drivers is more effective than relying on a single internal or external driver in constructing action mechanisms for high-quality characteristic agriculture development. Based on the above research results, this paper proposes diversified, complementary, and integrated development path suggestions for county-level characteristic agriculture in China, providing a reference for achieving agricultural and rural modernization.

On the basis of complex network theory,this paper uses various network analysis methods to build an analytical framework for measuring the trade network resilience,and conducts a comprehensive measurement of the trade network resilience in regions along the Belt and Road from two dimensions of node resilience and structural resilience,and explores the evolution process and development trend. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The trade links are getting closer in countries(regions) along the Belt and Road,the trade network density is increasing,the unbalanced situation is gradually emerging,and the trade network topology is changing from loose to close,and from multipolar to unipolar. 2) The node resilience of the trade network has evident heterogeneity in countries(regions) along the Belt and Road and is in dynamic evolution,it gradually forms a trade pattern with China,Russia,India,Turkey,and other countries as the strong core. 3) Considering the four dimensions of connectivity,invulnerability,recovery and robustness,the structural resilience of the trade network has been improved in countries(regions) along the Belt and Road,and the network structure heterogeneity has been enhanced. Therefore,in the future,it is necessary to strengthen further the economic and trade cooperation among the countries(regions) along the Belt and Road, enhance the connectivity and robustness of the trade network,and promote the trade interconnectivity to a higher level and broader dimension.

The large-scale construction of national parks poses a huge challenge to the demand for ecological compensation funds. Financial compensation is not only a drop in the bucket, but also difficult to solve the rigid dilemma of insufficient and mismatched compensation. This study uses carbon trading as a tool to solve the ecological compensation problem in national parks, and outlines three channels: international, domestic, and third-party independent voluntary emission reduction mechanisms that develop ecological carbon sinks into voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reductions to benefit the carbon market. Among them, China Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) is the main channel for realizing the ecological carbon sink value of national parks in the future. Then, the study analyzed three key issues: limited market supply, difficulty in effective trading, and unclear profit distribution models for national parks to obtain sufficient and precise ecological compensation through CCER market. In the design of ecological carbon sink compensation mechanism based on carbon trading, a screening mechanism is proposed to ensure the maximum profit potential of ecological carbon sink projects under the principle of balancing economic and social ecological benefits after the methodological barriers are cleared. An effective trading mechanism is established by offsetting ratios, offsetting in other regions, and government protection settings to promote transactions and effectively distinguish the boundary between government and market compensation. In order to avoid operational risks, a precise compensation mechanism is introduced by establishing a PPP model of third-party professional carbon sink development enterprises for ecological carbon sink project, and income distribution is based on the contributions of relevant carbon sink supply entities. Finally, the study provides relevant policy recommendations for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, which is in charge of national parks, and Ministry of Ecology and Environment, which is in charge of carbon markets in China. The research results are expected to provide reference and inspiration for establishing market-oriented ecological compensation mechanisms in all nature reserves and other ecological spaces, including national parks.

The cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization is an important standard for measuring the production cost of agricultural mechanization, and the level of farmland suitability for agricultural machinery operations (FSAM) is a key factor affecting the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization. To explore the impact of the level of FSAM on the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization, this study uses the Cost-C and CCR model in data envelopment analysis to calculate the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization and its composition and constructs a spatial Durbin empirical model using provincial panel data from 2004 to 2020 for empirical analysis. The results show that: firstly, the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization is not high in most provincial-level regions of China, especially in hilly areas. Secondly, the two indicators representing the level of FSAM, namely the average labor area of farmland and the flatness of farmland, have a significant positive impact on the technical efficiency and allocative efficiency of agricultural machinery operations, thereby significantly affecting the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization. For every 1 hectare per capita increase in arable land area, the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization will increase by 0.695. For every 1 percentage point increase in the proportion of arable land with a slope below 6 degrees, the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization will increase by 0.009 compared to the original situation. Thirdly, the level of FSAM in neighboring provincial-level regions has a significant positive spatial spillover effect. Due to cross-regional operations, the improvement of the level of FSAM in neighboring provincial-level regions can also enhance the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization in this region.

Improving the level of digital infrastructure construction is an important measure to strengthen the resilience of the tourism economy, release the multiplier effect of the tourism industry chain, and enhance the high-quality development of the cultural and tourism industry. Based on the panel data of 31 provincial-level regions in China from 2011 to 2022, this paper uses the entropy method to measure the resilience of tourism economy and the level of digital infrastructure construction. The benchmark regression model, threshold model and spatial Durbin model are used to reveal the direct, non-linear and spatial spillover effects of digital infrastructure construction on the resilience of tourism economy. The results show that: (1) the construction of digitial infrastructure has effectively enhanced the resilience of the tourism economy and passed a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. (2) There is a non-linear increasing effect based on the intensity of financial supervison regarding the impact of the construction of digital infrastructure on the resilience of the tourism economy. (3) The construction of digital infrastructure has a positive spatial spillover effect on the resilience of the tourism economy. In view of this, the paper puts forward policy suggestions to further enhance the role of digital infrastructure construction in promoting the resilience of tourism economy from three aspects: formulating differentiated development strategies, giving a full play to financial regulation and improving the level of cross-provincial cooperation.

The study of cultural landscape genes of traditional villages is one of the key areas of geography, which plays an important role in the inheriting China's outstanding culture, protecting countryside characteristic features, and supporting rural revitalization. Taking the Tanka Fishing village in Lingshui Li autonomous county, Hainan province as an example, this paper established an analysis framework of cultural landscape genetic for the Tanka Fishing village based on the Landscape Gene Theory, identified and analyzed its types, characteristics and information chain of cultural landscape gene of the village. The results show that: (1) The Tanka Fishing village has abundant cultural landscape genetic types. Material culture landscape gene can be divided into two parts: sea and land, reflecting the historical changes of the production and lifestyles of the Tanka people; The intangible cultural landscape genes include traditional skills, music, language, etc., which implicate the good wishes for happiness, peace, and harvest of the Tanka people. (2) The intangible landscape gene information elements such as traditional skills, language, music, customs, and festivals fully reflect the landscape features of "fishery production and lifestyle" and distinctive marine "fishing culture" as the core of the Tanka Fishing village. It is difficult for material cultural landscape gene to fully reflect the meta-characteristics of landscape gene information with the development of society, but the gene can still be mined from the plane structure and local decoration. (3) Important landscape gene information points such as ancient pier, Sanjiang Temple, traditional folk on land and marine fishing rows in Tanka Fishing village showed diversified functions. Sea and land landscape gene information corridors are important channels connecting landscape gene points in the village, which has an obvious character of hierarchy. The characteristics of landscape gene information network are obviously intensive, the layout of fishing rows at sea is regular and large, and the traditional buildings on land are scattered.

It is of great practical significance to explore the influence mechanism of sports culture tourism consumption behavior in net-popular tourism destinations to promote the inheritance and innovation of ethnic culture, boost "rural revitalization" and enhance residents' happiness. Based on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory and the theory of planned behavior, this paper constructs an influence mechanism model of sports cultural tourism consumption behavior of Village Basketball Game and Village Super League in Guizhou, which takes sports values, place attachment, and media communication as independent variables, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control as mediating variables, and tourism intention and tourism behavior as dependent variables. It uses the structural equation model to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that: 1) The average value of tourists' intentions and behaviors towards sports cultural tourism consumption are 4.48 and 4.58 respectively, both showing a positive tendency. 2) Place attachment and media communication have significant positive impacts on potential tourists' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. These factors indirectly influence tourists' intentions towards sports cultural tourism through perceived behavioral control, leading to the actualization of such behaviors. 3) Potential tourists' subjective norms and perceived behavioral control significantly positively influence their intentions towards sports cultural tourism, which in turn influences their sports cultural tourism behavior. Research suggests that the consumption behaviors of sports cultural tourism in the Village Basketball Game and Village Super League of Guizhou are primarily driven by "assembling for the media" and "coming for the destination, " rather than "gathering for the competition". The rural events serve as a platform for local cultural performances and exchanges.

It is a characteristic innovation of China's fiscal environmental governance to leverage local supporting facilities and enterprise capital investment with project demonstration and form local environmental governance forces. Taking the national comprehensive demonstration city of energy saving and emission reduction fiscal policy as the natural experiment, the green innovation effect and multiple pressure constraint mechanism of green fiscal demonstration policy were investigated by using the Difference-in-Difference (DID) method. The results showed that: (1) The construction of demonstration cities significantly promoted the innovation of urban green technology, showing the "leverage" effect of green fiscal demonstration policy. (2) The green fiscal demonstration policy can optimize the incentive behavior of local governments in environmental governance, and promote green technology innovation through mechanisms such as emphasizing the environmental importance of local governments, increasing local supporting environmental protection financial funds and strengthening environmental regulation. (3) From the perspective of multiple pressure constraints faced by local governments, financial pressure and official promotion and assessment pressure weaken the incentive effect of green fiscal demonstration policy, while public demand pressure helps to strengthen the effect of policy. (4) The model policy has a stronger incentive effect on green innovation in areas with higher fiscal transparency and cities with non-resource-based and old industrial bases. The research results have certain reference significance for optimizing green fiscal demonstration policy in the New Era, promoting the construction of green finance coordination mechanism compatible with local finance, and promoting the realization of "double carbon" goal and high-quality development.

As an emerging integrated economic system, the ice and snow economy holds significant importance for promoting high-quality regional economic development. This study first employs data visualization techniques to illustrate the current status of China's ice and snow economy. On this basis, it uses the LSTM neural network model to conduct a predictive analysis of its future development trends. Furthermore, by analyzing the industrial convergence mechanism and operational mechanisms of the ice and snow industry, the study explores the underlying logic driving the development of China's ice and snow economy. Finally, it identifies the challenges in its development and proposes relevant policy recommendations to promote the high-quality development of the ice and snow economy in the Chinese context. The findings show that since China was awarded the right to host the 2022 Winter Olympics in 2015, its ice and snow economy has entered a period of rapid growth. The total market scale expanded from 270 billion yuan in 2015 to 980 billion yuan in 2024, with a compound annual growth rate of 15.4%. However, the ice and snow economy still faces challenges such as homogeneous consumption structures, incomplete industrial chains, unbalanced regional development, and constraints on sustainable development. It is therefore urgent to formulate targeted solutions based on China's actual conditions, gradually establishing a well-structured ice and snow industry system characterized by clear government-market collaboration, supply-demand alignment, dynamic cost-benefit equilibrium and balanced development and protection-ultimately propelling the high-quality development of China's ice and snow economy.

The optimization of spatial pattern in consumption competitiveness holds significant importance for unleashing consumption potential and promoting the integrated development of urban agglomeration consumption. This paper delves into consumption competitiveness from the aspects of actual competitiveness and potential competitiveness, evaluates the consumption competitiveness of 242 cities at prefecture level or above in China. It utilizes Moran's I and the gravity model to primarily dissects the spatial patterns of consumption competitiveness in five seminal urban agglomerations. Furthermore, it analyzes the driving factors of consumption competitiveness by the means of the Geodetector. The results show that: 1) Consumption competitiveness is on the rise, exhibiting a geographical pattern characterized by higher levels in the east and lower levels in the west, with a trend of expansion from coastal to inland areas and diffusion from highly competitive cities to their surrounding regions. 2) While the interconnectedness of consumption competitiveness among the five urban agglomerations is gradually intensifying, the correlations within each agglomeration exhibit distinct characteristics. 3) Consumption competitiveness demonstrates spatial clustering and positive spatial correlation. Specifically, urban agglomerations such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta exert a positive spillover effect, whereas provincial capitals in the central and western regions exhibit a siphon effect. 4) The levels of financial development, government support, and digital industry progression are primary factors influencing the spatial disparities in consumption competitiveness, and the interaction between different factors shows an enhanced relationship.