Influenced by climate changes and anthropogenic activities, river discharge into Baiyangdian Lake has decreased dramatically, which has profoundly changed the spatial distribution pattern of water bodies in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin. The shift of water body pattern and its maintenance mechanism still remain uncertainty. This study simulated natural streamflow using VIC model, which was compared with actual observed streamflow to explain the streamflow reduction pattern, and distribution pattern of water bodies were also explored using GRACE data in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin, China. The results showed that: 1) The average annual inflow to Baiyangdian Lake was 23.79×10⁸m³ for the natural scenario, while it was only 8.59 ×10⁸m³ for the actual scenario and showed a decreasing trend; 2) The upstream river discharge may be meet the water consumption of Baiyangdian Lake for the natural scenario. Actually, the river discharge could meet the water consumption of the lake only in 1960—1979, and the lake had a long-term water deficit in 1980—1997, and was mainly recharged by an ecological water supply project in 1998—2016; 3) Terrestrial water storage in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin decreased significantly, and the decrease was greater in the southwestern basin than in the northeastern basin. Reduced water resources, an imbalance between water supply and consumption of Baiyangdian Lake, and over-reliance on artificial water allocation increase the water resource risk in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin. In particular, implementing the Xiong’an New Area Project has brought additional challenges to securing water resources in a changing climate, especially in water resource management and regulation.

《河北雄安新区规划纲要》体现了“三生”空间协调、人地和谐共融的城市发展理念。该文从“三生空间”视角构建人地系统评价指标体系，利用耦合协调度模型从多空间尺度定量分析2010—2020年河北雄安新区人地系统耦合协调度动态变化，并探究人地系统耦合与“三生空间”演化的对应关系。结果表明：2010—2020年河北雄安新区生产空间面积占比由75%降至71%,生活空间、生态空间占比分别由11%和14%提升至13%和16%;“人”系统得分整体提升，“地”系统得分稍有下降，人地系统耦合协调度不断上升且与“三生空间”配置演化趋势具有较强对应关系；新区北部经济发展状况较好，人地系统耦合协调度较优，南部属于生态敏感区，开发程度低，耦合协调度较低。研究结果可为河北雄安新区国土空间格局规划及相关政策实施提供决策支持。

在河北省雄安新区发展建设背景下，评价白洋淀的水量平衡生态风险，旨在为白洋淀周边水资源规划和管理提供依据，实现建设绿色生态宜居雄安新区的规划发展目标。通过构建白洋淀水量平衡分析模型，利用历史数据和最新的规划数据，预测白洋淀入淀水资源量、周边用水量和水的自然消耗量；根据预测结果，在生态适宜水位上，计算白洋淀的水资源缺口和水量平衡概率，确定白洋淀的水量平衡风险等级。研究结果表明，白洋淀存在平均每年0.15×108m3的水资源缺口；白洋淀达不到在适宜水位上的水量平衡的概率为50.2%，白洋淀有中等水量平衡生态风险；未来，白洋淀的消耗水量主要是周边区域的用水量，占总消耗水量的77.92%，其中，农业用水量占总消耗水量的48.63%。在雄安新区建设过程中，建议从构建水源互通和多源互补的雄安新区供水保障体系、提高居民、工农业和生态水资源利用效率、建设精细化智慧水资源管理体系三方面采取措施，以维护白洋淀的水量平衡。

Conducting the soil geochemical survey, and accessing the distribution and driving mechanisms of soil geochemical parameters are of great significance for eco-environment condition evaluation and the land resources management. Based on the soil geochemical survey in the Xiong'an New Area, a combination of spatial analysis and multivariate statistical analysis was used to study the spatial distribution patterns of soil elements, and discuss the driving mechanisms of these elements. The result showed that most elements were enriched in soils of the study area compared with their background values of Hebei plain. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Se, and Corg in soils were 1.16-1.44 times higher than their background values of Hebei plain. Most elements were principally concentrated in the alluvial lacustrine plain, which was mainly determined by the parent materials, landform types, and weathering and leaching processes. Anthropogenic factors such as land utilization and industrial and agricultural activities significantly influenced natural evolution of heavy metals and nutrients elements in soils in the study area. Eight factors were extracted to represent different driving mechanisms of soil elements distribution. F1, mainly consisting of lithosphere and siderophile elements and rare earth elements, represented pedogenesis process. F2, composed of heavy metal elements, was associated with anthropogenic activities such as sewage irrigation and industrial production. F3, made up of CaO, TC, Ge, Ti, and SiO₂, was related with the processes of silicate mineral weathering and secondary carbonate formation. F4, comprised of Cl, S, and pH, had a close relationship with the processes of leaching and surface runoff, and evaporation and concentration. Meanwhile, land utilization also exerted an influence on the distribution of these elements. F5, composed of soil nutrients elements, was mainly affected by anthropogenic activities such as land utilization and agricultural activities. F6, principally including B and Sr, illustrated the adsorption reactions with soil clays. F7, made up of I and Br, reflected surface runoff process. F8, including Hg, was correlated with anthropogenic emissions such as coal combustion and smelting activities. The result of this study clearly uncovered the geochemical characteristics of soil elements and its driving mechanisms in the Xiong'an New Area, which would provide valuable information for rational land resources utilization and environmental protection in the study area.

白洋淀位于雄安新区腹地，是雄安新区重要的生态屏障与后花园，生态补水与植被恢复是白洋淀生态修复的重要内容.本文运用遥感影像资料，对比分析了雄安新区设立以来（2017年和2020年）白洋淀挺水植被、沉水植被、陆生植被、开阔水域、建设用地和裸地6种土地利用类型的变化趋势，深入剖析了挺水植被、沉水植被和陆生植被的时空分布格局、生长期内逐月生物量变化及其演替规律，探讨了水位变化对挺水植被和沉水植被生物量的影响，分析了雄安新区设立以来生态补水对淀区植被恢复的整体效果.结果表明：白洋淀水生植被主要分布在淀区北部、西北、西南和沿岸水深较浅的区域，相比2017年雄安新区设立之初，生态补水作用下，2020年淀区水位平均上涨0.63 m，沉水植被、陆生植被分布面积分别扩大了7.5%和21.4%，挺水植被和裸地面积则缩减了19%；挺水植被在8月生物量达到最大值，其分布面积和生物量随水位的增加整体呈减小趋势，同时受季节演替影响，温度升高则会显著促进挺水植被生长；与之相反，沉水植被随季节演替，其年内生物量最大出现在5、9和10月，但分布面积未有明显变化，且其生物量变化受水位影响不明显.总体而言，雄安新区设立以来，白洋淀年内植被生物量明显增加，为淀区水环境质量和水生态安全提供保障.

白洋淀是我国华北平原最大的浅水湖泊湿地,享有"华北之肾"、"华北明珠"等美誉,对维持京津冀大城市群的区域生态系统平衡和保持生物多样性发挥着生态安全屏障作用.长期以来,高强度人类活动导致入淀水量锐减、水体污染严重、生物多样性减少、生态系统功能衰退,"明珠"失去了应有的光泽.结合历史文献资料和课题组长期在白洋淀的监测结果,本文系统地梳理了自1960s以来,白洋淀的水文、水环境和水生态演变历程,并分析了导致一系列演变发生的可能原因.随着区域经济的发展,人类活动增强,白洋淀区域水量、水环境以及生态质量自1960s以来逐渐退化.近20年来,随着一系列环境治理政策和生态补水工程的实施,白洋淀水质恶化趋势得到了一定的遏制.2017年,中共中央、国务院宣布设立雄安新区,其"以水定城"的理念突显白洋淀作为新区中心的重要性,白洋淀环境与生态治理工作任重而道远.本文的工作以期能为新时期白洋淀的环境生态治理提供依据和支持.

雄县地热田基岩埋深浅,储层条件优异,是雄安新区地热开发利用的重点。通过野外观测、岩心、薄片、测井、录井等资料,对雄县地热田主控因素进行了系统的分析,并提出雄县地热田成因模式。研究表明,研究区热源主要为深部地壳热传导及放射热,盖层地温梯度平均为4.54℃/100m,蓟县系雾迷山组储层地温梯度平均为0.87℃/100m;水源主要为太行山及燕山山脉海拔500 m以上的现代大气降水及古大气降水,循环深度可达3 500 m;地下热水运移通道为保定—徐水断裂、容城断裂、牛东断裂及研究区内缝洞岩溶系统,判断在牛东断裂附近存在一条深部导水断层,地下热水沿断裂向上补充至凸起内部;储—盖组合为雾迷山组白云岩储层及其上覆的第三系、第四系砂泥岩地层,部分地区残存古近系地层,储层受溶蚀及裂缝改造作用明显,盖层保温效果良好,储盖配置条件优异。从"源、通、储、盖"四个角度综合探究雄县地热田主控因素,提出雄县地热田成因模式,为雄县地热田的后续再开发利用提供参考。

为明确白洋淀冬季冰封期水污染特征,于2019年1月对白洋淀原始区、旅游区、生活区、养殖区和入淀区5个特征区域25个代表性采样点进行水样采集,选取温度、溶解氧(DO)、氨氮(NH_3-N)、亚硝态氮(NO_2--N)、硝态氮(NO_3--N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数作为评价因子,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数(K)法和主成分分析法对水质进行综合评价.结果表明:白洋淀冰封期不同功能区水体温差波动较小、DO浓度变化幅度大,TN和TP浓度较高.单因子评价表明,TN参与评价时,25个采样点中,Ⅲ类水体占28%,其余为Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类; TP参与评价时,Ⅲ类水体占16%,其余为Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类,综合看,白洋淀水质整体状况较差;综合污染指数法表明,生活区水质最好,入淀区河流水质最差,其中白沟引河、府河和瀑河3条入淀口河流水质状况最差,为重度污染,主要污染物为TN、TP;主成分分析法表明,入淀区的6条河流彼此间偏差较大,所受污染的影响因子存在较大差异,与主成分1和主成分2高度相关的理化指标是TN、TP.通过3种评价方法定性定量的有机结合,得出白洋淀冬季冰封期水质限制因子为TN、TP且该时期水体污染较严重,冰封期作为湖泊水体的重要时期,探明污染源并治理可显著改善湖泊水质,不仅为白洋淀水体治理提供最佳时机,也为治理和修复淀区水体污染提供指导意义.

The construction of Xiong'an New Area is crucial for generations and a national affair of China. Under the concept of ecological priority and green development, exploring the associations between ecosystem services is of vital significance for optimizing territory development plan and realizing the sustainable management of natural resources. In this study, four ecosystem services were quantified based on multi-sources data. The associations among ecosystem services were analyzed by using correlation analysis and ecosystem service bundles were identified by applying the self-organizing feature map, in the expectation of providing a scientific basis for balancing the planning and construction of Xiong'an New Area. The results showed that the supply of biodiversity protection service presented an increasing trend from the northeast to the southwest; the delivery of food production service was higher in Anxin county and Rongcheng county than that of Xiongxian county; the higher provision of water yield service mainly occurred in the southwest, while the lower provision of water yield service occurred primarily in the northeast; the recreation service supply was higher in the north-central part of Xiong'an New Area and lower in the southeast. Most of the associations among ecosystem services are synergistic and have less trade-offs. Four ecosystem service bundles were mapped with different main land use classes and supplies of ecosystem services. The food production bundle was predominantly covered by the dry lands and had the highest supply of food production service. The cultural entertainment bundle also primarily contained dry lands and dominated in providing recreation service. The ecological conservation bundle mainly consisted of water bodies, dry lands and forests, which had the highest delivery of biodiversity protection service. The urban life bundle was associated with urban areas and some paddy lands and showed a high provision of water yield service. On the basis of the characteristics of different ecosystem services supplies bundles, the suggestions were put forward for rationally determining the timing and location of changing land use types and promoting the sustainable provision of multiple ecosystem services in Xiong'an New Area.

采用文献计量、统计分析等手段收集了国内外关于白洋淀生态需水核算的研究成果,系统梳理了15种白洋淀生态需水核算方法,获得了白洋淀不同时间尺度、不同等级生态需水核算结果,并结合雄安新区规划对白洋淀生态需水核算存在的问题及未来的需求提出了展望统计结果表明,白洋淀最小生态水位为7.45±0.66 m,适宜水位为8.61±0.52 m,最大水位为9.46±0.51 m;各等级生态需水月际变化趋势大致相同,8 9月最大,5月最小,但各月不同等级生态需水量的变幅较大;白洋淀最小生态补水量为1.35亿m~3,适宜补水量2.40亿m~3,最大生态补水量6.20亿m~3从支撑雄安新区规划建设的角度来看,目前白洋淀生态需水核算中面临的不足主要集中在生态管理目标和方法选择导致核算结果差异较大、缺乏淀区生态需水机制的阐释、生态需水核算时间尺度较粗略、未考虑淀区空间异质性的需水差异以及忽略河湖水文连通关系与过程5个方面;最后,以恢复白洋淀良性生态系统为导向,从分级分区开展白洋淀生态需水精细核算、分时分段淀区生态需水量质耦合模拟和考虑河湖沼连通的淀区水动力过程恢复3个方面提出了未来研究的建议与展望.

Xiong'an New Area is a millennium plan and a national event. Water shortage and water pollution have become the main problems which restrict its development. Different from the existing research on Xiong'an strategic development interpretation and resource profile description, this paper combines with scenario analysis and directional distance function models so as to show the water resources utilization efficiency and water saving potential development landscape and path of different scenarios in 2035 for the first time and it is innovatively based on the development of Shenzhen. The research shows that Xiong'an presents a change from low-efficiency zone to high-efficiency zone to high-efficiency zone in the Business as Usual, Starting Process and Construction Completion scenarios from the perspective of utilization efficiency. From the perspective of water saving potential, the reduction of efficiency improvement space and the increase in metatechnology ratios indicate that water saving potential of Xiong'an has been fully explored. Avoiding direct sewage discharge, developing sewage treatment technology actively and optimizing the industrial structure of the Xiong'an New Area are effective ways to promote the utilization efficiency of water resources, which is also an important guarantee for Xiong'an to realize green ecological development.

白洋淀是华北平原最大的淡水湖。认知白洋淀景观格局的时空特征及其与环境的关系,对于恢复和提高白洋淀生态系统整体功能、维护雄安新区生态环境安全具有重要指导意义。在对1990～2017年白洋淀进行逐年遥感分类与制图的基础上,重点研究了白洋淀的时空变化特征,分析了其变化的驱动力因素。研究结果显示,2017年,白洋淀中的天然湿地面积约占白洋淀总面积的33%,人工湿地面积约占20%;1990～2017年,白洋淀天然湿地总体在萎缩,人工湿地和非湿地面积在增加;1995年白洋淀景观破碎化程度最严重;白洋淀景观格局的变化与降水量、人类的开发活动和水资源的调度密切相关,湖泊水位与河流的水文连通性不存在线性相关关系,当湖泊水位保持在6.22 m时,白洋淀中的河流具有较好的水文连通性;大气降水量是白洋淀中的天然湿地变化的主要影响因素,补水措施仅能暂时缓解白洋淀的水资源危机。

China announced plans on April 1, 2017 to create Xiong’an New Area, a new economic zone about 110 km southwest of Beijing. The new area of national significance covers the three counties of Xiongxian, Rongcheng and Anxin in Hebei Province, and is home to Baiyangdian, a major wetland in northern China. It will cover around 100 km² initially (called “Starting Zone”) and will be expanded to 200 km² in the mid-term and about 2000 km² in the long term. In this context, it is important to assess the land use pattern for the new area’s planning and development. Based on remote sensing interpretation of Landsat OLI images, we examine the current land use features, the potential for built-up land saving and intensive use, and the spatial variation of arable land quality. The results indicate that the arable lands, built-up lands and wetlands account for around 60%, 20% and 10%, respectively. The potential for rural built-up land saving and intensive use is quite large. The arable land quality and use intensity in Rongcheng and Anxin counties are much better than that of Xiongxian. The pros and cons for three potential options for the Starting Zone are listed and compared. The eastern area of Rongcheng county, to the north of Baiyangdian, is believed to be the most suitable Starting Zone. Policy recommendations for built-up land expansion, farmland saving and flood risk mitigation for Xiong’an New Area are also proposed in this paper.

To develop Xiong'an New Area (XNA) is one of the major national strategies and seen as the "new millennium project" in China. Sixteen experts from geography and human habitat sciences have made a thorough discussion on how to ensure Xiong'an to be built into an ecological and innovation city as a response to the implementation of the CPC Central Committee's requirements. Several key principles have been suggested as follows for the construction of Xiong'an: (1) Livability security. Specific policies should be made to optimize regional resources and environmental carrying capacity, put the safety in the first place, and effectively prevent flooding, atmospheric and other disasters, with the goal of human habitat environment favorable to live, work and play, in order to build a livable city. (2) Eco-city. Low-carbon technologies should be actively applied to organically shape the urban and regional ecological system and spatial structure. A green infrastructure system should be built. (3) Innovation. All-round innovation such as technological, cultural and management innovation should be promoted to build a new generation of sustainable development of science and technology innovation capital. (4) Regional coordination. XNA development actions should be coordinated with regional integration, as well as water system and environmental protection, through the solid regional cooperation to achieve reciprocal development. (5) Cultural city. The protection of traditional culture and the development of urban culture and arts should be attached great importance, cultural inclusiion and harmony should be advocated to explore the characteristics of a new type of urban culture with Chinese characteristics of humanities and ecology. (6) Comprehensive quality development. Emphasis should be placed on comprehensive development of urban ecology, economy and society. The concept of comprehensive high-quality and high-standard development should be highlighted to establish an international-leading-quality standard system and quality supervision should be comprehensively strengthened. Advanced social public facilities and security system should be constructed. (7) Pilot and demonstration. Xiong'an should be built into a successful model city in ecological innovation and new urbanization.

In essence, regional coordinated development is the process of the interaction of urban economy and the strengthening of economic relations between urban agglomerations. From the perspective of the economic relation, compared Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei with Shanghai-Jiangsu -Zhejiang, the article finds that Shanghai-Jiangsu-Zhejiang is superior to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in both the echelon structure of the economic development and economic relation with the central city. In Shanghai-Jiangsu-Zhejiang, there is the reasonable hierarchical formation: Shanghai's radiation has contributed to the rise of the surrounding subcentres, and Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo as the subcentres, also drive the development of the surrounding cities. However, In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, there is obvious disparity in the urban comprehensive strength, and all cities maintain close ties with Beijing. As the core city, Beijing’ siphon effect is much greater than the diffusion effect. The polarization effect is so much that although it brings a great deal of factor supply to Beijing, it aggravates Beijing’ urban burden and weakens the radiation effect and driving capacity of other central cities such as Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Tangshan. Changing the state of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations, simply relying on household registration restrictions or industry forced relocation, etc. is not enough. “Easing” and “cultivating”simultaneously are very important. So, taking the Xiongan New Area planning and construction as the opportunity, adjusting the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regional space development strategy and industry structure, fostering innovation driven development new engines, creating a new model of city management, changing the “one city dominant” development mode, enhancing the attractiveness of the urban agglomerations, is the current important route.

The establishment of Xiong'an New Area has far-reaching historical significance for adjusting and optimizing the urban layout and spatial structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Under the construction concept of ecological benchmark, the identification and optimization of ecological security pattern is the basic spatial approach to ensuring the ecological security and realizing sustainable development in Xiong'an New Area. Based on the ecological background characteristics of Xiongxian, Rongcheng and Anxin, this study quantified and mapped five ecosystem services, namely grain yield, water yield, soil conservation, habitat conservation and near water recreation, and identified the ecological sources. Using the VIIRS/DNB Nighttime Light data, ecological resistance surface based on land-use types assignment was modified. The minimum cumulative resistance model was used to identify the ecological corridors. Based on the current ecological security pattern, the optimization strategy of the ecological security pattern was discussed under the goal of green, ecological and livable city. The results showed that, ecological sources, which accounted for 41.88% of the total area and contained 14 major ecological patches, were mainly distributed in the areas surrounding the Baiyangdian Lake. The total length of ecological corridors was 107.21 km, which was divided into four groups with a circle distribution. The radiating area of existing ecological sources reached 70.6% of the total area. Therefore, it is necessary to build a new ecological source with a radiating area of 227 km² to meet the demand for 85% of radiating area of the ecological source. The ecological security pattern scheme proposed in this study can provide spatial guidance for the construction of green, ecological, and livable city in Xiong'an New Area.

Xiong'an New Area is considered as a special new area with national significance after Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai Pudong New Area. Its establishment is also a major strategic decision under the cooperation and development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, following the planning and construction of Beijing city deputy center. Currently, most researches focus on the strategic significance of Xiong'an New Area and interpretation or discussion on the objective of its development and construction, but the general idea and challenges of planning and construction on Xiong'an New Area need to be carefully and deeply analyzed and thought about. The paper makes some views and suggestions on strategic significance, the orientation of urban development, the planning of industry and land use, the innovation of institutional mechanism as well as some problems such as the administrative and land management model and ecological protection of Xiong'an New Area by four geographers, who have long been studying the development and planning of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River economic zone. The purpose of this paper is to promote the further study of geographers, and to provide the advice and suggestions for the planning and construction of Xiong'an New Area. Moreover, the further study of Xiong'an New Area is of great value to the theoretical study of regional integration in China.

Development of Xiong'an New District (XND) is integral to the implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) Integration Initiative. It is intended to ease the non-capital functions of Beijing, optimize regional spatial patterns, and enhance ecosystem services and living environment in this urban agglomeration. Applying multi-stage remote sensing (RS) images, land use/cover change (LULC) data, ecosystem services assessment data, and high-precision urban land-cover information, we reveal the regional land-cover characteristics of this new district as well as across the planned area of the entire BTH urban agglomeration. Corresponding ecological protection and management strategies are also proposed. Results indicated that built-up areas were rapidly expanding, leading to a continuous impervious surface at high density. Urban and impervious surface areas (ISAs) grew at rates 1.27 and 1.43 times higher than that in 2000, respectively, seriously affecting about 15% area of the sub-basins. Construction of XND mainly encompasses Xiongxian, Rongcheng, and Anxin counties, areas which predominantly comprise farmland, townships and rural settlements, water, and wetland ecosystems. The development and construction of XND should ease the non-capital functions of Beijing, as well as moderately control population and industrial growth. Thus, this development should be included within the national 'sponge city' construction pilot area in early planning stages, and reference should be made to international low-impact development modes in order to strengthen urban green infrastructural construction. Early stage planning based on the existing characteristics of the underlying surface should consider the construction of green ecological patches and ecological corridors between XND and the cities of Baoding, Beijing, and Tianjin. The proportion of impervious surfaces should not exceed 60%, while that of the core area should not exceed 70%. The development of XND needs to initiate the concept of 'planning a city according to water resource amount' and incorporate rainwater collection and recycling.

China announced plans on 1 April 2017 to create the Xiongan New Area,a new economic zone about 110km southwest of Beijing. The new area covers the counties of Xiongxian,Rongcheng and Anxin in Hebei province,and is home to Baiyangdian,a major wetland in northern China. This is a new area of national significance. It will cover around 100km² initially （termed as the start zone）and will be expanded to 200km² in the mid-term and 2000km² in the long term. It is important to reveal and analyze the land use pattern for planning and development. Based on remote sensing interpretation from Landsat OLI images,current land use features,potential of built-up land saving and intensive use,and spatial variation of arable land quality were analyzed. Three potential choices for the start zone are listed and compared. The results indicate that the proportion of arable land,built-up land and wetland are around 60%,20% and 10% respectively. The potential for rural built-up land savings and intensive use is large. The arable land quality and use intensity in Rongcheng and Anxin counties are much better than that of Xiongxian. Among three potential choices, the medium plot is the best suitable start zone. Policy recommendations on built-up land expansion,farmland saving and flood risk mitigation for the Xiongan New Area are discussed.