Housing tenure choice is one of the main topics in urban geography, urban planning and sociology and longitudinal analysis has become the main methodology for housing micro studies in Western countries. As an important event in the life course of a household, housing tenure transition correlates closely to the change of household profile, institutional variables and local housing market variation as well. Using COX's proportional-hazards model, this study analyzed the factors which shape the transition of house tenure by taking into consideration housing tenure together with big events of individual life course. Results reveal that renters displayed the greatest desire to change tenure status, but for those who have already obtained the ownership, partial or full ownership as it may be, the desire to change tenure status fade intermediately. For the survival time, the longest are the spells that change to full ownership, the second longest are the spells that change to partial ownership, and the shortest are the spells that change to rent. The model shows that both household characteristics and institutional variables have strong influences on the housing tenure transitions. The decision of individuals on the shift of housing tenure from rent to own is not only related to major events in the life course but also affected by the relationship between households and work units (or governments). This phenomenon is believed to be the result of interaction between the double powers of planning economy and market economy in transitional urban China.

Place names are certain exclusive names of the physical or humanic geographic entities of specific space locations given by people and they are important signs through which the mankind knows the nature and human activities. As the language fossils, geographic names have the instructive functions to different historical periods and different regional social cultures. Located in the southern border area of China, Guangdong province which is affected by Central Plains and overseas culture deeply at the same time has its own peculiar development courses. This article adopts the GIS technology and establishes a Guangdong geographic name Yuan database (GEODATABASE) on the mathematical statistic basis. It also deals with the databases to output the straight side topic maps and other special maps which needs other special maps through ARCGIS GEOPROCESSING,SPACIAL STATISTICS TOOLBOX and ANALYSIS TOOLBOX according to the attribute essential factors as well as carries on dividing and color chromatic aberration processing. Finally, the place name landscapes of Guangdong demonstrate the peculiar geographical environment characteristics of the south of the Five Ridges and historical development characteristics: no harmoniousness in space distribution, varieties of common names and proper names, distributing concentration of neat head(qitou) place-names which have many ethnicities and dialects. The article also carries on geographical zoning on the basis of counting, and divides the geographic names Guangdong province into four big areas according to the types, namely the Hakkas(Kejia), the lucky man(Fulao), the Zhuang language(Zhuangyu) and the Cantonese(Yueyu) geographic name area, and they also respectively displays the core-edge proliferation pattern in space.

Forest nutrient cycling is a crucial parameter in the analysis of forest eco-system. The paper established a forest nutrient cycling spatial model which coupled nutrient cycling process model and remote sensing model of vegetation NPP. Compared with nutrient cycling process model, the forest nutrient cycling spatial model improved the spatial analysis function and made the parameters acquirement easier. The forest nutrient cycling spatial model also complemented the nutrient limitation expression in the vegetation NPP model, which combined the vegetation growth, nutrient cycling and soil chemical property together. The model was developed using module integration technique and coupled in Ecohydrology Assessment Tools. Applying the forest nutrient cycling spatial model, the research simulates and analyzes the NPP and the patterns of nutrient bio-cycling in the typical plant community in Guizhou province. Compared with the observed data, the simulated spatial results are credible and the forest nutrient cycling model can simulate the spatio-temporal patterns of nutrient bio-cycling processes.

This paper aims at supplying a scientific basis for uniting the normal reference value standard of forced vital capacity of Chinese middle-aged men. A research is made on the relationship between the normal reference value of 16461 examples of forced vital capacity of Chinese healthy middle-aged men and eight geographical factors in 189 areas of China. It is found that the correlation of geographical factors and the normal reference value of forced vital capacity of Chinese middle-aged men is quite significant (F=29.747, P=0.000). By the method of mathematical regression analysis, one regression equation is inferred. If geographical values are obtained in some areas, the normal reference value of forced vital capacity of Chinese middle-aged men of this area can be reckoned by using the regression equations. Furthermore, according to the similarity of the normal reference value of forced vital capacity of Chinese middle-aged men, China can be divided into eight regions.

The key problem of the regional economic dynamics is the economic growth. As the resources shortage issue had not been fully realized,the binding force and the carrying capacity of resource to labor (population) and regional economiy were not taken into consideration in the classical theory of regional growth. Based on Rabenau and Miyao’s modern economic growth models, a dynamical regional growth model of ternary variables binding by resource, in which the labor, capital, environment capability and efficiency of management are taken as the regional growth elements, is set up in this paper. The analysis of equilibrium states shows that the regional economic growth ( Gross National Product) is proportional to two factors, one is the abundance degree of the resources and environment, the other is the summation of management efficiency, capital investment, science and technology, and labors. It is obvious that natural resource and environment instead of the granted capital, technology or labor are the bottleneck factors in the regional economic cask. In practi cal production, management, capital, technology and labors are compensatory and balanceable in the economic development while environmental resource is fatal.The results of the study by a series of analysis and numerical simulations s how: (1) The model can be used not only to simulate the different stages of regional growth, but also to discover the relations between the regional growth and the economic factors; (2) natural resource and environment instead of the granted capital, technology or labor are the bottleneck factors in the regional economic cask; and (3) the bearing capacity of environmental resources will play anim portant role in the social gross output value.

The main purpose of this paper is to reveal the temporal and spatial disparities of the performance and potential of FDI within Guangdong province by constructing indices of performance and potential of FDI. Ten potential indicators have been employed and the Pearson coefficients between them and FDI were obtained through correlative analysis. Furthermore, the coupling mechanism between performance and potential of FDI was established to distinguish the coupling types of regional performance and potential of FDI and their transformation through time in Guangdong. Strong evidence from this study shows that just reversing to the trend of the amount of actually utilized foreign capitals, the performance index-scores of FDI in Guangdong are diminishing slowly. The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone (PRDEZ) has always been the most important area of Guangdong province concerning FDI, in spite of the shrinkage of quotient occupied by it. The decentralizing trend of spatial distribution of FDI in PRDEZ has dominated the decentralizing trend throughout the province, as the values of HI show. Results show that 52% of all the 21 prefectures belong to the region-types of potential lagging behind performance, and 38% belong to the types of performance lagging behind potential, only 10% belong to the type of harmony during 1995-1996. Comparing with the circs of the period 1995-1996, 100% prefectures of PRDEZ and 58% prefectures of the other area beyond PRDEZ had increased their potential level, 67% prefectures of PRDEZ and 42% prefectures of the other area beyond PRDEZ had increased their performance level during 2000-2001. The empirical results have important policy implications for foreign-capital economic development of Guangdong province. For the main central cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Foshan have been found to belong to the performance lagging behind potential region-type through quantitative analysis, the concept that all these cities are all saturated with foreign capitals should be renewed.

Sediment dispersal at the river mouths has been an important topic in the fields of geomorphology and hydraulics for a long time and estimating sediment budget of the deltas is a principal method for quantifying the sediment dispersal system at many river mouths. Many reports about sediment dispersal at the Yellow River mouth have been given previously using this method. However, since the dry bulk density of deposits in the delta and the boundaries set for calculating the volumes of deposits did not receive a proper treatment, big discrepancy existed between estimates of sediment budgets of the delta provided by the previous studies.Considering the effects of grain size composition, burial depth, and exposure conditions on the dry bulk density of deposits and based on abundant data about the dry bulk density of deposits in the delta, this study defined the dry bulk densities for the deposits in the delta plain and buried delta front deposits, buried prodelta, exposed subaqueous prodelta, and newly deposited top 1 m layers on the delta front. Combining the constructed models of dry bulk density for different depositional settings with the results of analyzing the sedimentary framework of the delta, sediment budgets at Diaokouhe lobe of the Yellow River delta were calculated. The foot of the delta front slope was set as the outer margin of area for defining the sediment budgets. This margin is of geomorphologic significance and is easy to be located on the surface of delta recorded by the bathymetric data. Results show that sediment deposited in the delta plain and front of the Diaokouhe lobe over the period from 1965 to 1974 was about 7.10×10⁹ tons, accounting for 73.5% of the incoming sediment. Errors resulting from ignoring clay layers in the deposits on delta plain and front, consolidation of soft layers underlying delta deposits, and deviations in records of the incoming sediment were proved to be about 2.6% for the percentage of sediment deposited in the delta, suggesting the higher reliability of the sediment budgets given by this study. From the mass and volume of sediments deposited in the Diaokouhe lobe over the period of 1965 -1974, a mean dry bulk density of 1.36 g/cm³ was acquired. On account of the dominance of silt in the deposits of the delta, it seems to be an appropriate approximation of the mean dry bulk density for the deposits in the other lobes of the delta.

Located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Zhujiang River, Guizhou Province is one of the provinces carrying out the National Natural Forest Conservation Project It is also one of the major gene pool areas and one of the famous producing areas of medicinal materials in China The development and conservation of forest resources is not only significant for protecting environment and biological diversity but also important to the economic development of Guizhou and even the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Zhujiang River According to forest data collected in 1979, 1984, 1990, 1995, and 2000 by the Institute of Forestry Survey and Design of Guizhou Province, this paper provides detailed information about the dynamic changes of forest resources and concisely explains the factors arousing these changes In general, Guizhou's forest resources decreased rapidly from the late 1970s to the late 1980s; but since 1990, they have steadily increased (1)The forestry land keeps almost unchanged since 1984; the major types of forests expanded considerably, especially the protective forest, economic forest and specific forest; timber forest increased with some fluctuation, while sparse forest and non forest land decreased (2) The growing stock of living forests has had a trend of increase since 1984; the growing stock of major types of forests decreased from 1979 to 1990, but began to increase thereafter (3) The area and growing stock of planted forests increased rapidly; natural forests also showed a trend of expanding, and their growing stock began to rise after 1990 (4) Young age forests grew quickly both in area and in growing stock; mid age and over mature forests showed a trend of decreasing in area and growing stock from 1979-1990 but a trend of increasing since 1990 The percentage of young age forests decreased, while that of mid age and mature and over mature forests increased (5) As for the composition of forest resources, the proportion of timber and fuel forests has lowered, while that of shelter, specific and economic forests increased (6)Since 1990, thanks to the implementation of several ecological and sustainable development projects in Guizhou, its forest resources have grown enormously, and the ecology and environment greatly improved

The spatial interpolation of some physical geographical elements is becoming increasingly important nowadays in resources management, disaster control, environment improvement and the research of global change. The core of the spatial interpolation of those elements is to seek the functions that can reveal their characteristics of spatial distribution. But, as for specified regions and sample data, there are many functions in the list for choice. And the best choice is difficult to make because of the complex effects from theoretical foundation, algorithm, temporal spatial scale, and attributes of sample data. By referring to the major achievements in the interpolation research field, this paper comes to the point that the accuracy of certain spatial interpolation depends on its capability of reflecting the element's spatial variance and spatial correlation. Models using other elements as variables, when regression variable has high correlation with interpolation variable, will give more accurate results than others, because they have better reflection of spatial variance. Models without other element variables change in accuracy according to their consideration of the anisotropic characteristics or not. With spatial temporal scales' variance, the disposed spatial variance and correlations will be different, which affects the interpolation accuracy. The density, spatial distribution, data extent of sample points also makes the interpolation results different for the same reason. As for applications, the optimal interpolation method should be picked out after the analysis of those spatial characteristics embedded in the sample dataset.

The evolution of Lake Dongting is determined by three main factors, which are tectonic subsidence, siltation and human impacts. "The Dongting Basin" and "the basin of Lake Dongting" are two different spatial concepts. "The basin of Lake Dongting" is only one of the components of "the Dongting Basin". The basin of Lake Dongting, the levees and the farmlands synchronously keep subsiding and relatively actionless due to the tectonic subsidence of the whole Dongting Basin. At present, the mean sedimentation rate of Lake East Dongting,Lake South Dongting and Lake Muping is 9.43, 19.11, 12.46mm/a, respectively. The rate of tectonic subsidence of the lake is low (3～10mm/a), but the capacity of tectonic subsidence still counteract a certain capacity of siltation, which restrains the shrinkage of Lake Dongting. The sedimentation rate is bigger than the rate of tectonic subsidence in Lake Dongting. Sandbars will continue to grow and expand, and Lake Dongting will still keep the trend of siltation and shrinkage. At present, the whole Dongting Basin is subsiding and expanding due to tectonic subsidence, which has no influence on the change of the capacity of storing flood of Lake Dongting, and siltation is playing a main role. The capacity of storing flood of Lake Dongting will continue to decrease as siltation goes on. During the 80 years after the Three Gorge Dam is completed with the completion of "the 4350 Project", the sedimentation rate of Lake Dongting will reduce to 1.79 mm/a. Then, the trend of siltation of Lake Dongting will be restrained.

After the adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up to the outside world,many changes in politics,society and economy have taken place in the Yangtze River Delta region and have resulted in rapid expansion of urban area.Using multi-temporal remote sensing images,we analysed the spatial and temporal urban dynamic change pattern of the Yangtze River Delta region in the past two decades.The results showed that from the end of the 1980s to the year 2000,the main land use change pattern is the rapid decrease of cultivable land and forest area and the fast expansion of urban area.Urban land use in the Yangtze River Delta presents a concentrated expansion,typically from vegetation landscape to a mixed urban and rural landscape,i.e.,95% from farmland 1.8% from forest land and 1.5% from grassland.Using remote sensing image to categorize land use,monitor land use change,and calculate land use change transfer matrix is a promising method to show distributed spatial pattern of land use and land use dynamic change.There exist different constitutional proportions relating to land use dynamic changes between the first decade and the second decade.The urban sprawl speed is lower in the second decade than the first one.The land use dynamic change affects the eco-environmental change in this region.For example,the urban expansion pattern directly affects the local climate change and the air quality of this region.Analyzing the correlation between the spatial pattern of urbanization and eco-environment in this region,we found that the urban sprawl pattern is one of the direct factors affecting the spatial distribution of regional urban heat islands and spatial pervasion of urban air pollution.By comparing the relationship between the land use change pattern and eco-environment,we can provide sustained decision-making strategy for improving eco-environment,developing local economy,and promoting the social progress.

Coal resources have played an important role in social and economic development, at the same time, the ecosystem has been seriously affected by the exploitation in the coal mining area. Due to the inherent characteristic of time duration, spatial expansion and strong interference of coal exploitation, ecological cumulative effects have been caused remarkably and many ecological problems emerged including surface subsidence, vegetation degeneration, gangue stack, ground water resource withered and farming productive dropping etc. Based on the theory of cumulative effects and the principles of landscape analysis, ecological cumulative effects induced by coal exploitation are discussed in the paper. The concept of landscape ecological baseline value is proposed, and landscape spatial cumulative burdened index model is constructed using the landscape structure cumulative index, landscape disturbance cumulative and landscape ecological sensitivity degradation cumulative index. Taking Lu'an mining area as a case study, landscape ecological cumulative effect was calculated based on landscape analysis. Results show the cumulative load of mining landscape presents a significant increasing trend during the 13-year period (1993-2006). In terms of the intensity of human activities, different subareas have different accumulation levels, and since 2000, increased human disturbance has made cumulative degree change greater than before.

The expression and recognition of geographical environment, the recovery and reappearance of ancient geographical environment have been the focus in some research fields such as geography, cartography, cognitive science and artificial intelligence. As well, virtual geographical environment and the expression of multidimensional spatio-temporal information have become important research directions with the development of GIS. The reconstruction of sea surface change has long been a focus of geography, and in the past years the prediction of sea surface change has also received considerable interest. The recent development of GIS provides the opportunity for the dynamical simulations of sea surface change as well as for its visualizations. It is also an important research direction in the development situation to build the model with functions of forecast, influence and countermeasure, based on the research of the sea level historical change. This model can provide an effective method for sea level change research. In this paper we present an adaptive 3D Old Sea Level-Land Surface Change Simulation Model based on GIS for the above purpose. This model can be used to simulate the old sea level-land surface evolution over coastal regions. With historical records and expertise knowledge, this model automatically verifies the simulation results and adjusts the parameters which controls the simulation; and then iteratively repeats the simulations until the results become close to the recorded history of old sea level-land surface evolution. Compared with other models, this model has the following features: relatively accurately controlling calculation, easily repeating simulations, automatically verifying the calculation results and automatically/semi-automatically adjusting the parameters. We used this model to simulate the old sea level-land surface change of the Yangtze River delta in the past ten thousand years, and it demonstrated pretty good performance.

Guangxi Xijiang Economic Belt is an important component of future development axis in southern China. Recently, a tendency of industrial agglomeration has emerged along the Xijiang River. Although the industrial parks in this area have developed rapidly, many negative phenomena have appeared, such as disorders in industrial park development, industrial structure resemble, and low rate of land output. By analyzing the development characteristics and affecting factors of the industrial parks along the Guangxi's Xijiang River, the study finds that regional development basis, industrial park development basis, industrial park development potential and constraint conditions of industrial park development are the main factors affecting the development level and trends of industrial parks. Firstly, regional industrial basis and urban layout are macro factors. Secondly, traffic conditions and government support policies are micro factors. Thirdly, instructing China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA), developing Xijiang waterway and undertaking the eastern industrial transfer are the driving factors. Fourthly, resources and environmental pressures are constraints. On this basis, we construct a 4-factor index evaluation system consisting of 13 indexes, classify the industrial parks into three types-development-optimizing type, agglomeration-stengthening type and cultivation-guiding type, and propose different development paths for them. Development-optimizing type should give full play to its leading role in the region and strengthen the growth of new industries, and emphasize industrial association, especially the high-tech and high value-added industrial chains and links. Agglomeration-stengthening type should ensure the development direction of the industrial park, and make the industrial park to be a competitive and influential industrial cluster. Cultivation-guiding type should focus on industrial parks at a certain scale, and promote production concentration.

There have been few studies on the pattern of China's agricultural geographic concentration and mechanism of its evolution.Based on the calculation of barycenter coordinates,Gini coefficient,as well as spatial autocorrelation and specialization index of 12 crops in 1981-2008 in China,this paper analyses the spatial pattern and mechanism of agricultural agglomeration.It presents the following results.(1) Spatial concentration of China's planting gradually increased.At the same time regional specialization and regional diversification progressively strengthened.(2) China's planting transferred from the eastern provinces to the central and western provinces,for example,although the Sanjiang and Songnen plains were still important clustering areas,the significance of the former land of fish and rice gradually decreased.(3) Although the endowment of natural resources made the initial agricultural geographical pattern,the path creations caused by an accidental event or social variation revealed two important facts: opened the windows of local opportunity for the social agglomeration,and corrected and optimized the existing patterns of the natural agglomeration continuously.With the emergence of new enterprises or departments,the division of labor and their cooperation network arose,and the agricultural industrial clusters formed.If several paths were created simultaneously from different crops in different places,an organic and sustainable agricultural production system would form in the whole area.So,the evolution of agricultural geographic pattern experienced a process from the natural agglomeration to the social agglomeration with a perfect agricultural production system.In this process,the natural agglomeration plays a less important role than the social agglomeration.Technology and institution innovations would speed up the agricultural geographic concentration and spatial reconstruction.

Many scholars believe that a principal characteristic of rural poverty is its invisibility in developed countries——which means that the truth of the poverty is hidden by the status of countryside development based on the average statistical data.Taking Lianzhou city at county-level as a research area,this paper discusses the spatial manifestation of rural poverty and its invisibility characteristic.This paper uses two methods to examine the rural poverty space.The first one is using the average statistical data and quantity chart analysis method;the second one is using impoverished people data and the poverty incidence method.And then,it compares the two results.The conclusion shows that the spatial differentiation of economic development based on the average statistical data cannot reflect the spatial differentiation of poverty population truly,in other words,the aggregated official statistics,based on average levels of income and expenditure,disguise the presence of poverty within the county.Such findings have relationship with the development background of this research area and also provide some useful information to the recent local poverty elimination practices.Thus we should consider both of the average statistical data and the poverty population to confirm the reality of rural poverty in order to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the poverty alleviation.

Based on a fieldwork data collected from 395farm households in Daxing District,Beijing,this paper firstly designated an index system appraising different resource endowment status for sampled farmers,and then classified them into five groups using non-hierarchical cluster analysis,that is,(1)intermediate land endowment with moderate non-agricultural income;(2)high land endowment with non-agricultural income;(3)intermediate land endowment with low non-agricultural income;(4)pure farmers;(5)non-agricultural household,finally examined the impact of farm household livelihood diversity on land use.Our study shows that:(1)farmer groups 1-3,pure farmers and non-agricultural households from suburban areas of the metropolis tended to take strategies such as combining agriculture and non-agriculture opportunity,staying in agriculture and leaving agricultural field respectively;(2)for farmer groups 1-3and non-agricultural households,the livelihood diversity index(LDI)for about 70% of the farm households ranged from two to three with grain crops sown areas having the biggest share of the total planting area,followed by that of economic crops;(3)for farmer groups 1-3 and non-agricultural households,local non-agricultural employment was the main choice for farm household labor with the lowest age and highest education level;(4)due to the extensive farmland conversion at district level in suburb areas of the metropolis,farmer groups from 1 to 4 were forced to be transformed into group 5.Lower return from land use continuously promoted diverse farm household livelihoods,which might cause consequences such as standstill grain production,land circulation,big-scale land properties change,and soil nutrient enrichment.

竺可桢研究会业已成立。为了开展对竺老各方面的研究,包括目前正在着手的他的年谱和传记的编写,亟需调查研究有关竺老生平的各种史实,征集有关他的手迹照相等文物。

This paper discusses by using two examples the calculating question of professor Fu Baopu's experimental formula for Mountain precipitation and points out that the improvement of the calculating method for this formula suggested by yan Yuhua and Lai Hongnian which was published on Geographical research 6(1) has a lot of questions. Between the calculating result of Fu's formula and the practical material of the two examples, there appear more differentiations.

China has vast subtropical areas of about 2 million km², situated in the basins of The Yangtze River and The Pearl River, including the Yunan-Kwei-chow Plateau, the Hengduan Mountains, South-Eastern part of Qinghai-Xi-zang Plateau and Taiwan Mountain There are major areas where debris flow are distrobuted and impluened by human actionsThe debris flow occurring in subtropic mountainous region in China is mainly induced by rainfall. The supply sources in this region can be divided into two types, slope source (including falls, landslided, sheet flow) and channel source (rill, gully, ravine, canyon). Two kinds of debris flow, ear-thmechanical and hydrocal debris flow, usually occurred in the supplying types. These two types of debris flow can be converted from each other with the change of the relative content of soil and water from the supplying sources.When the amount of water contained in debris flow exceeds 23 of the total discharge, debris flow will be transformed into sediment-laden water.The control installations of debris flow source in subtropic mountainous region should be set in supply sources and suit them to different local condition (source type), stages (process), and needs of society, while the installations in transportation-deposition area, the erosion and deposition power of vari.ous debris flow, particularly that of the fluid digging out channel, should be considered.Only by doing so can make the most of the installations.

山地灾害地貌是山区坡地重力地貌、山区河谷地貌、冰川冰绿地貌以及由区喀斯特地貌中对人类造成灾害的那部分地貌的总称。

这是本刊《1991年地理学新书》的续集,也是本刊第7次向广大读者介绍过去一年里地理学学术著作,它将和各学术期刊共同组成1992年地理学发展记录。为了便于查考,一些重要译著和相邻学科重要著作也选编在这里,并补充了1991年部分地理学出版物。本期地理学新书是由地理所图书室佟学思同志辑录的。

The paper having analysed the ecological environment and the tea production condition in China and also studied the ccological adaptability differences of every breed tea tree now puts forward a new scheme for tea tree ecological environment regionalization in China.The new region-alization scheme has a two-level system.The first level units have four tegions, They are south temperate zone tea-producing region (leaflet breed tea tree cultivable region), north subtropical zone tea-producing region (super quality leaflet breed tea tree normal region),subtropical zone tea-producing region(super quality leaflet tree breed optimum region), and south subtropical, tropical Zone tea-producing region (grandifoliate breed tea tree normal region).The second level units have nine regions.The new regionalization scheme,which can indicate the pro-duetion direction of different tea producing area in China and point out the distinction of China tea production.is very important for the future development of China tea production and China tea export trade.

This paper analyzes the causes of the development of the economy in the Region of Huaiyin which is slower than in the South of Jiangsu Province from the point of view of Cultural Geography,and indicates that the low level of culture development,being one of the major causes,has kept the Region of Huaiyin being left behind the Southern Jiangsu Province in the modern and contemporary economy.The Region of Huaiyin is characterixed by the closed and transitional geographical environment and the self-sufficient farmitig economy.All these factors result in conservativeness and exclusiveness of the culture of the Northern Jiangsu Province.Huaiyin Region has got the traditional agricultural culture as its main cultural component,and its science,technology and education are at a low level.such poorly developed culture can be nothing but a hindrance to the people's acceptance of fresh knowledge,modern and advanced science and civilization,Thus it forms a block on the way of the economical development of the Region of Huaiyin.

Desertification in North and Northeast China has become a commonly concerned problem among environmental scientists. The desertification in the Maowushu and Horqin Sandlands of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the most serious in the country. In order to investigate the past human impact on sand dune mobilization and land degradation, we collected two sediment cores in Bakeyao Lake, Southeastern Horqin Sandland, and analyzed the pollen and algae spore from one of them. The result shows that the little lake was formed in 1837, when the first migrates from Shandong and Hebei Provinces arrived in the study area for agriculture production. The original sand dune vegetation was greatly destroyed by the early settlers, and a series of little lakes were formed owing to the reduced plant evapotranspiration. The later changes of the lake and sand land system were controlled by the interaction among human activities, climates and the initial intervention. Since the early ninetieth, human activities have been the dominating factor in the sand land environmental changes. The feedback process within the sand land system may have been of importance.

According to the geographical cycle theory, drainage landform evolution process is divied into three periods—young, mature and old period. In defferent evolution periods, the relation between gully density and cutting depth is various. However, it is sure that landforms are the most tattered and gully density reaches the maximum in the later young—early mature period. By presuming that the drainage landform is evoluted into hills in the period, the maths equation of the theoretical maximum of gully density was established, which is D=ctgθ^h∫_h0^maxdh/(hctga+c)² (1) where:D: gully density;θ: slope;h: cutting depth;c: gully bed average width;h₀: cutting depth minimum;h_max: cutting depth maximum On the above presuming base, the maths function on relation between gully density and cutting depth were established for the defferent development periods. The maths function shows that:①in the early young period, the gully density and cutting depth increase at the same time; ②in the later young—early mature preiod, gully density reaches the maximum and it decreases as cutting depth imcreases; ③ in the later mature—old preiod, gully density decreases as cutting depth decreases. Two example calculations demonstrate that the maths equation of the theoretical maximum of gully density may be used in practice. It can infer drainage landform evolution period and predict soil erosion developing tendency. It supplements quantitative anslysis on landforms shape elements with drainage landform evolution in defferent periods.

On the basis of discissing the environmental significance of magnetic susceptibility of lake sediment, the historical environmental variations have been studied from Daihai DH₃₂ Core with the analysis of granulomtry, sporo-pollen, historical data and diatom determination. It is believed that during the historical periods the higher value of magnetic frequency dependent susceptibility in lake sediments coincided with the wet climate, and the lower value related with the dry climate. The climate change in the past 300 years implicated by magnetic frequency dependent susceptibility from DH₃₂ Core can be divided into seven periods which mostly coresponded with the analysis of granulomtry, sporo-pollen, historical data and diatom determination. The magnetic frequency dependent susceptibility of lacustrine sediment is one of the main environmental indexes for reconstructing historical environmental variations.

The development of minority nationality regions and impoverished regions is an important part of coordinated regional development in China.This paper first examines the effects of relevantpolicies and analyses the developmentprospects of these regions. On the basis of the above analysis,major strategies are put forward,such as to improve the living standard of local residents,to pay closer attention to environmental and ecological protection,to strengthen the intranational and international cooperation,etc. Finally,in order to improve the the effects of regional policies,poverty-relief strategies in major regions are discussed respectively.

Peatland of Yangmu in Mishan region is located at 45°34′N,132°23′E. 5 spore pollen zones are divided throngh the spore pollen analysis. The change process of paleovegetation and paleoclimate was obtained. Warm-inclined broad-leaved forest predom inated in the environment of warm climate with a little dry climate before 3400 a B.P..Deciduous broad-leaved and conferous mixed forestpredominated,in which Pinus, Picea and Abies were main speries,together with wet meadow in the environiment of the cool and wet climate during 3400～1940 a B.P..Deciduous broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest predominated in the environmentof dry and warm climate from 1940 to 1090 a B.P..Broad-leaved forest was predominant,and the climate was the warm and wet from 1090～545 a B.P..Bog m eadow predominated when the climate changed to cool and dry from 545 a B.P.. The compostion of the upper part of the 143～125 cm peat profile presented the cold period in the early of Christian era through the mutual identification between the records of historical material such as spore pollen,magnetization rate,organic matter,and archaeology study.The composition of the parts of 125～85 cm and 85～38cm presented the warm climate in Nan Bei Dynasty and Sui-Tang Dynasty.Since 3400 a B.P.for the reason of frequent human activites in Mishan region,the amunt of cultural relics in Sui-Tang Dynasty increased,which represented thatancient man took much more woods from the forest,while it was in an environment of warm climate.

Based on the latest research of present Eco-environmental Situation at home and abroad and analysis of the characteristics of Environmental Situation in China with the principle of index selection, a set of indices on the Eco-environmental Situation in China has been identified. Then 14 county-unit databases are set up, including two types: 2 spatial databases and 12 attribute databases. And the mathematical models for each index has been developed. With the powerful systematic analytical tool, GIS, and database management system, this paper classifies each index into five degrees and integrates them into a map according to their respective rights by county unit, which is the distribution of the Eco-environmental Situation in China. Finally this paper analyses the distribution of Eco-environmental Situation in China, draws compellent conclusions on this methods and discusses some details. Some items that need to be improved afterwards are put forward.