Development and utilization of micro-scale basins was regarded as an important issue for agricultural development and environmental restoration at a regional scale.In order to understand the comprehensive development of micro-scale basins in the Taihang Mountains,this paper takes Niujiaohe River as the study area.We have developed a procedure and established an index system of eco-functional regionalization including stability indices and fluctuation indices.Then we presented a method of eco-functional regionalization based on fuzzy clustering,which has significant advantages over other methods in practice.Based on the slope runoff and the degrees of the soil erosion,the whole basin in the study area can be divided into three zones: 1)inundation zone(Zone I)which is a catchment;2)steep slope zone with serious water loss and soil erosion(Zone Ⅱ),which is characterized by gully erosion;3)gully bottom zone(Zone Ⅲ),which mainly acts as a mobilization-sedimentation area.Zone I is located in the gentle water division ridge,where a base for grain can be built and activities related to farming,forestry and animal husbandry may be arranged.Zone II,featured by the steepest sloping lands,bare bed of rocks and barren soil,should take forestry as the major sector.Zone Ⅲ,the flat area,can be used for more economic and social benefits as well as a farming base.

Network evolution is one of the key issues in recent studies of evolutionary economic geography.Current studies in this field mainly focus on path dependency and routines within networks,while the mechanism of dynamics of the network remains underdeveloped yet.Previous researches tend to ignore the importance of trust on network evolution.To take this step forward,this paper unpacks the role of trust in network evolution in textiles and garment industry in Guangdong.Particularly,the authors conduct a comparative study between the Pearl River Delta and Chaoshan region(eastern part of Guangdong)during the 2009global financial crisis based on in-depth interviews.The study finds out that trust is a primary variable in keeping ties between nodes in production networks.The degree of trust varies due to three critical factors:cooperation types(market relations),geographical proximity(spatial relations)and network embeddedness(social and cultural contexts).As an exogenous shock,the influence of the global financial crisis restructured the spatial structure of networks within Guangdong Province.During the restructuring process,ties with higher trust maintained such as networks in Chaoshan region,while lower trust tiers were disconnected such as networks in the Pearl River Delta.After the crisis,stronger ties in Chaoshan region were reinforced to replace some weak ties in Pearl River Delta.By doing so,Chaoshan region is playing a more important role in the global production networks of textile and garment industries.

Based on the investigated data of regional road passengers,this paper uses social network method to analyze the network characteristics of regional road traffic's contact in the city-cluster along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.Combining with the current situation of regional interaction strength and its changes over the years,the article predicts the dominant direction of its economic links in the future in order to provide reference for predicting the direction of regional traffic links,and puts forward some recommendations for optimizing the spatial organization of regional road traffic.The results are shown as follows.(1)The regional road traffic's contact network has a high density.(2)On the basis of current interaction strength,it formed an economic contact pattern of three centers and two axes,i.e.,Hefei as the main center,Wuhu as a sub-center,Anqing as a regional center as well as"east-west axis"and"north-south axis".(3)The interaction strengths in the cities of researched area grow at different speeds,but their sequences change less.(4) The direction of traffic spatial organization in the future will develop along the"east-west axis"and"north-south axis",optimize the traffic around regional centers and strengthen the traffic in"two-wings".

The behavior space study on port enterprises is becoming a new hotspot in the modern port geography.Taking Shanghai port backup area as an example,we have established a spatial attribute database of port enterprises,collected enterprise data of manufacturing,ware-housing,commerce,commercial office industry in each county,and corresponding construction data.This study comprehensively applies spatial Gini coefficient,spatial statistics and interpolations in GIS,and coefficient of geographical linkage for medium-micro scale depiction of location characteristics and spatial correlation of major enterprises in Shanghai port backup area.The results show that the port enterprises of Shanghai has a wide distribution(city area),featured by spatial accumulation;different types of port enterprises have different location choices and enterprises take the city centre as the core,scattered along the Huangpu River most obviously while big non-vessel transportation enterprises scatter and small ones assemble;enterprise location choice is irrelevant to manufacturing industry in space while international container transportation enterprises have obvious regional dependence.

Based on long-term residential land-use data,this paper makes a calculation on the dissimilarity of diverse residential lands,which might be used as reference in the perspective of physical changes of residential spaces.(1)This study classifies residential land use of downtown Shanghai into 6 types:garden house and villa(coded as R1),high-rise apartment before 1949and workers'community after 1949(R2),commercial residential building(R2N),li-nong residential building(R3),shanty town(R4)and rural house(E6).Then,calculations are made on the spatial differentiation,i.e.the index of dissimilarity(D),spatial-modified dissimilarity index(D(s)),multi-group dissimilarity index(D(m))and spatial-modified multi-group dissimilarity index(SD(m))of various land-use types on the spatial scale of blocks and towns.(2)The result shows that the changing of residential spatial differentiation in different time series is not affected by scale effects or whether the dissimilarity index is spatial-modified or not.(3)From 1947 to 2007,in the type of garden house and villa,the dissimilarity maintains high,while the dissimilarity of commercial residential building keeps decreasing.In other types,however,the dissimilarity has a wave change.(4)D(m)of residential land-use shows that residential segregation might be notable in 1947,and decreases obviously from 1947 to 1979,while D(m)of residential space decreases obviously,and increases significantly from 1979 to 2007.(5)The relation between the hierarchy and the dissimilarity of residential land differs in various periods.Before 1949,the dissimilarity is high within high-rank residential land,whereas the index is quite low in medium and low rank residential land.During the socialist period,the rank and the dissimilarity have a positive correlation.In the transitional period,a"Vshaped"pattern can be found,which means that the dissimilarity of high rank and low rank residential land is high,and low dissimilarity can be seen in medium rank residential land.This indicates that the residential space of Shanghai has been polarized in terms of physical environment.

According to the definition of coordination between urban tourism and urban development,the paper built an evaluation index system covering six aspects,i.e.,urban economic growth,social development,public transportation construction,urban greening,environmental protection and tourism prosperity level.The method of Entropy Weighting TOPSIS was used in a case study of Hangzhou city with the sample period of 2001-2009.The results showed that the coordination coefficient of urban tourism and urban development in Hangzhou increased continuously.The highest value was 0.8043 in 2009,which was classified as the most coordinated level.The lowest value was 0.2400 in 2001.However,the improvement coefficient for each year did not tend to increase year by year.The research indicated that we should pay more attention to the coordination status induced from the existence deterioration risk due to the discontinuous growth of improvement coefficient.The policy recommendation includes that 1)the government could carry out the quantitative analysis of the coordination status developed in the paper for the better-off purpose of the coordination;2)once the tourism development strategy is made,the urban development capacity should be considered to promote their coordination;3)tourism development should be included in the urban development system to construct the coordinated development system,i.e.,the so-called"city tourism".

A better understanding of the natural and cultural heritage value is the basis for dealing with the relationship between protection and utilization of the world heritage,and it is also the precondition to solve the problem of"urbanization,commercialization,artificialization"of the heritage sites.Based on the system theory,after reviewing different views and interpretations of the natural and cultural heritage value,this paper proposes the value system of natural and cultural heritages in China,which can be divided into three parts:the background value,the direct applicable value and the indirect derivative value.This value system is multi-leveled with the background value being the foundation of the other values,so we should make use of the heritage with a reasonable manner at the precondition of protection.At the same time,these three values exist in different spatial areas,namely,the background value mainly exists within the range of heritage sites,the direct applicable value exists in the heritage sites and their adjacent regions,and the indirect derivative value exists mainly outside the range of heritage sites.Therefore,to protect and use the natural and cultural heritages,we should stick to three basic principles:firstly,protecting the background value strictly to ensure that the authenticity and integrity of heritage is not compromised;secondly,using the direct applicable value appropriately through"function comprehensive utilization,product comprehensive development and industrial comprehensive development";thirdly,giving full play to the indirect derivative value to stimulate the local social and economic development.

As experience economy began to flourish and wetland ecological tourism came into vogue,tourists'experience value of wetland parks has attracted more attention from both academic and practical circles.Investigating the approach to improving the tourists' experience value is an effective way to enhance the competitive strength of wetland parks.Although many scholars have researched structural dimension of the tourists'experience value,the concepts of the tourists'experience value still remain vague and ambiguous,especially the quantitative research of the tourists'experience value,which lacks scientific and reasonable methods for measurements.Therefore,the five steps for developing the value scale have been proposed.Through the methods of item-total correlation,exploratory factor analysis,the confirmatory factor analysis,reliability and validity test,this paper takes Xixi Wetland Park as an empirical object.Seven experience factors that include service,characteristics,education,cost,ecology,trust and concern,together with Wetland Park Tourists'Experience Value Scale(WPTEVAL)which comprises of 26items are developed to provide quantitative tools for the measurement of tourists'experience value.

With the rapid development of space technology and earth observation technology,modern remote sensing technology has been able to provide worldwide observed data collected in many means in a dynamic,fast and accurate manner.In this stage,remote sensing data increase rapidly accordingly,and how to manage and retrieve these data efficiently has become a major issue in both academic and application areas.Global Subdivision System opens up new avenues for solution to this problem.This peper studies the characteristics of scene-based remote sensing data and the features of the EMD Global Subdivision Model,and then in regard to the disadvantages of the existing index methods for remote sensing data,three index models are put forward based on the EMD Global Subdivision Model:an index model based on the mapping relationships of images and meshes,an index model based on EMD data model and an index model for global subdivision data identifiers.These three index models explore the solution to the issue in three aspects.And an application example is given to create the index of linear objects and planar objects by use of the scene-based RS data subdivision index model.This study mainly addresses the following aspects.(1)This research studies the characteristics of scene-based remote sensing data and the features of the EMD Global Subdivision Model,as well as the mapping relationships and corresponding criteria between them.(2)In regard to the lack of space-time recording capabilities in the current storage and index methods for remote sensing data,an index model based on the mapping relationships of images and meshes is put forward.(3)In regard to the lack of support for multi-scale data of the current index models for remote sensing data,an index model based on EMD data model is established.(4) In regard to the lack of a unified index framework for multi-source remote sensing data,an index model for global subdivision data identifiers is put forward.(5)How to get remote sensing images from a geographic object index is studied.

Based on Spatial-temporal Dynamic panel data Model(SDM),with fire statistical data of China's 337 cities in 2000-2009,the influence of spatial-temporal factors on Chinese urban fire variation was analyzed,and the integrated influence of economic development and climate change on urban fire occurrence was considered.By Granger causality tests,per capita GDP and annual average relative humidity were used to represent economic development and climate change respectively.Three factors(fire rate,per capita GDP,annual average relative humidity)have long-run equilibrium relationships,so the Fire-Economy-Climate Model with the three variables is suitable.By making up spatial-temporal factors and some transformation,fire SDM(FSDM)was constructed.The results showed that,arid climate makes the fire situation worse,while economic development turns this trend back and makes the fire situation better.Response sensitivity of climate factors in fires is stronger than that of economic factors in fires,so one should make great efforts to mitigate fire variation because of future arid climate.Spatial-temporal factors have significant influence on Chinese urban fire situation,namely fire assimilation effect,fire inertia effect,and fire caution effect.Under fire assimilation effect,fire situations in different regions influence each other,and neighboring regions usually have similar fire trends,so fire administrative departments should pay more attention to cross-region cooperation;under fire inertia effect,the trend at the places where the fire situation was serious or mitigative in the earlier stage will be persisted in the future,so all regions should adjust fire administrative measures to local conditions;under fire caution effect,neighboring regions' previous serious fire situations will alarm local region to strengthen fire prevention or increase safety investment,and reduce local fire occurrence rate,so fire prevention should learn lessons from neighboring regions' serious fire situations and clear up hidden troubles.Furthermore,1st spatial lag variable is turned to an average value of neighboring units,this method simplifies the estimate process of spatial panel data model;and nonobjective spatial-temporal factors are expressed as meaningful dummy variables,which can provide reference for other studies.

著名地理学家阿尔夫雷德.赫特纳1927年就在《地理学:它的历史、性质和方法》一书(商务印书馆,1983)中对大学地理教育提出警告和建议:"大学生的自学必须多样化。……但是许多人都把他们的地理基本教育局限于听讲课和教科书,那是一个很大的错误。他们随时都应该辅之以各种好的专门著作和经典的旅行记等等读物;因为只有这样他们才能够完全钻进地理学的思想中去"。

中国自古即以农业立国,农业生产不但是历史时期最重要的经济活动,也深刻地影响着中国的环境变化。因此历史农业地理不但是历史地理的重要组成部分,也是环境变迁研究的基础。北京大学韩茂莉教授积十年之功写就的《中国历史农业地理》(北京大学出版社,2012)一书,堪称是历史农业地理的创新和集大成之作。

全球变化是当前人类社会共同关心的科学问题和社会问题,旅游业是全球变化影响下的敏感和脆弱的产业部门,同时旅游业带来的社会、经济、文化、环境影响也是人文因素对全球变化影响的重要研究内容。

2012年6月3日,复旦大学中国历史地理研究所(以下简称"史地所")建所三十周年庆祝大会在复旦大学光华楼隆重召开。来自复旦大学各级单位、中国地理学会中国历史地理学会专业委员会、各兄弟单位的领导和代表及史地所的师生共150余人参加了庆祝活动。

Professor Li Chunfen(1912-1996),one of the most well-known geographers in China,had his professional career in geography research and teaching as long as 60 years,and made a great contribution to the development of China's geography,especially the regional geography.His most brilliant academic ideas are that the physical structure of geographical environment has the distinct features,i.e.,'integrity and disparity',and'generality and individuality',and these ideas had been applied successfully in his research and teaching of regional geography.His well-known books'Physical Structure of South American Geographical Environment' and'Physical Structure of North American Geographical Environment' are commonly recognized as the classical monographs of regional geography.Besides,he published several influential papers on the theoretical plane such as 'Object,task and method of integrated physical geography based on its development course','Regional geography: problems and prospects','Recent developments of geography as against its traditions'.The major purpose of this paper is to give a brief introduction to the background for shaping Prof.Li's academic ideas,as well as the main content,scientific value and practical significance of his ideas.Prof.Li's innovative academic ideas on the physical structure of geographical environment have great significance in promoting and deepening the researches on planning and management of natural resources and environment,sustainable regional development,and human-environmental relationship in geography.

This paper proposed a new model of housing development location choice of metropolises based on classic urban economics theory.From the perspective of suppliers,the model took the current housing development projects as sources and the housing construction suitability as resistance surface,and simulated the future housing development pressure through Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR) analysis.The paper also conducted an empirical study using housing development data of Beijing municipality from 2005 to 2009.Results show that the spatial pattern of housing development in Beijing is evolving from a monocentric structure to a polycentric and hierarchical one.The preferred location of next round of housing development includes the center town of northern and northwestern districts,new towns in the southern city,and regions around economic development areas.These locations are therefore remarked to have a relatively high urban sprawl pressure.

Through Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis and its Global Moran's I index and Getis-Ord G_i^* index,and coordinatied development degree function land & water resources benefit and urbanization level from 1995 to 2008 are analyzed systematically.Especially,the paper focused on agglomeration diffusion condition,its spatial pattern evolution and space linkage development effect of cold and hot spots.Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.Due to differences in oasis natural and geographical conditions,the spatio-temporal variations of urbanization and land & water resources benefit of north slope of Tianshan Mountains are different.(1) Counties with similar land use benefits show obvious spatial differentiation.The spatial structures in different years present dispersed pattern and keep stable constantly.(2) Agglomeration and dispersion of water resources benefits are not stable.Differences of changes are significant during the study years.(3) The pattern and path of spatio-temporal variation of urbanization and land & water resources benefits are different.Space linkage development effects are obviously different.Specific circumstances of development of oasis cities determine the spatial evolution of cold and hot spots of urbanization and land & water resources benefits are more sensitive than the development level themselves.

The attraction of human settlements is becoming an important theoretical issue in the study of urban human settlements.In this paper,we first proposed the concepts of human settlements' attraction and human settlements' gravity field.Then,we constructed an index system for the environmental satisfaction of human settlements community and calculated the gravity field strength of 184 communities in Dalian using the gravitational potential energy model.Finally,we developed an isogram and spatial distribution map of gravity field strength of urban human settlements in Dalian with Vertical Mapper provided in MapInfo.The main conclusions of this study are drawn as follows.(1) Gravity field theory proves to be an effective method in evaluating human settlements.(2) The supply and demand of the human settlements community graphically has two centers and one coastal zone.(3) The gravitational potential energy of the human settlements community differentiates greatly in space.(4) The supply and demand of the community human settlement is proportional to gravitational potential energy,but inversely proportional to the distance between the community and the center of gravitational potential energy.The space development of the city and its coastal habitat is the main factor driving the distribution of environment gravitational potential energy in Dalian.

Optimization of green open space plays a significant role in achieving sustainable development of ecological cities.Green open space system in Luoyang consists of 6 categories: product green area,farmland and forest,riparian area,garden,road landscape area and auxiliary green area.By using landscape pattern analysis,Structure Evenness Radio Index,Ecological Intensity Index,and Huff model,the paper examines the dynamic changes in area,shape and distribution of the green open space from 1988 to 2008.It evaluates service capacity of the green open space system before spatial distribution and demand-supply condition is optimized.Results are shown as follows.1) For the 20 years there is an increase in riparian areas,gardens,road landscape areas and auxiliary green areas,while a decrease in product green area,farmland and forest.Green space is abundant in Quadrants 2-5 and Rings 4-8,and less in Quadrants 7 and 8 and Rings 1,2,and 10.2) There are significant differences in Evenness Radio of all quadrants and rings.However,Quadrant 6 and Ring 5 show stable Evenness Radio,indicating gradual improvement of green space distribution in riparian areas,gardens,road landscape areas and auxiliary green areas.3) There is a notable increase in density of green patches,with areas along the Luohe River and west fringe of the city having the highest value.Many green patches have low Shape Index,though some regions see an increase.The patches generally display regular geometry shapes,which are obvious products of urban planning.4) Ecological Serving Intensity Index of 2008 is 0.288,and falls into Class III,being an ordinary level.Time costs for local residents visiting green open space are high.Demand and supply of green space service are out of balance for both the northern and southern parts of the city.5) The frame of overall design for green open space system optimization is "1 center with 3 rings,4 belts with 3 axes,and 3 mountains with 4 wedges".The four levels of optimizing distribution pattern are "green rings revolving,green corridors interweaving,green dots interspersing and green background extending".Residence location and green space distribution need to be modified to find the balance in demand and supply of green space.Concrete measures should be taken to optimize the distribution and functionality of public open green system.

Aesthetic appreciation and ecological sustainable development jointly mark the two key main goals in forest landscape management.However,how to reconcile the two goals has always been the crucial research issue on the relationship between landscape visual quality and spatial pattern index.More than 49 landscape pictures were taken from a wide range of Mount Lushan Scenic Area,and the spots represented in the photos were digitized on the forest field survey map.The Scenic Beauty Evaluation(SBE) of the 49 pictures were calculated according to the visual assessment test,the landscape spatial pattern index,such as patch density,large patch index,edge density,landscape shape index,Shannon's diversity index,have been calculated,and the relationship between landscape visual quality and landscape spatial pattern index have also been figured out.The results are shown as follows.(1) As far as the landscape composition is concerned,we find a significant positive correlation between SBE values and the percentage of water area(r=0.472,P<0.01),and a significant negative correlation between SBE values and the percentage of built-up area(r=-0.422,P<0.01).We also find a positive correlation between SBE values and the naturalness index(r=0.368,P<0.05).(2) With the point view of landscape pattern index,we find a significant negative correlation between SBE values and patch density(r=-0.489,P<0.01),and a significant positive correlation between the SBE values and the edge density(r=0.481,P<0.01) and Shannon's diversity index(r=0.602,P<0.01).(3) We find no correlation in the total dataset between SBE values and the openness index,large patch index and landscape shape index.The results of this study may be useful in forest landscape management for realizing the goal that landscape aesthetic appreciation can go well with ecological sustainable development.

Based on questionnaire survey conducted at irrigation and dry farming areas in Huining County of Gansu Province,and rural areas in Shanxian of southwestern Shandong Province,this paper dealt with understanding of global climate change of rural residents and their willingness to pay to mitigate climate change.It is found that although respondents showed great concern on global climate change,their understanding of what is global climate change and why it occurred was very limited.To some degree,the local residents considered global climate change as local climate change.The central government and international organizations were regarded to be responsible for global climate change,while perceived ability of individuals and families for mitigating climate change was low and the respondents showed low willingness to pay regardless of their self-claimed obligation to deal with climate change.Education and occupation differences in willingness to pay were significant.It is argued how the respondents understand occurrence of climate change affects their opinion on who are responsible for climate change,their perceived ability for mitigating climate change,and further willingness to pay.Finally,policy implications of this study were discussed.

Temperature and precipitation have great influence on ecological system and social economy.Under the background of the global warming,concerning the regional characteristics of regional land use and land cover change,the climate change in Jiansanjiang reclamation areas was analyzed. According to the monthly data of air temperature and precipitation of 15 meteorological stations from 1965 to 2002 in Jiansanjiang reclamation areas,some classical statistical methods were used to explore the characteristics of climate change,such as trend,correlative correlation,climate variation analyses and climate elements cumulative test curve and so on.The statistics of some climatic factors such as mean temperature,mean maximum temperature,mean minimum temperature and precipitation were gathered in the light of year and season,and their changes during 40 years were analyzed.The results showed that there was a 0.50℃/10a increase in the mean annual temperature in the last 40 years.Seasonal temperature had a rising trend,and the temperature increased by 0.82℃/10a in winter,higher than that in other seasons.In the southern margin area,the increase of temperature was higher than 0.60℃/10a,while in the northeastern part of the region,it was lower than 0.35℃/10a. There was only a slight increasing tendency for annual precipitation,and the tendency ratio was-1.90 mm/10a.Annual precipitation in northwest and southern rim was in the decline.Most of the rest of the regions were precipitation increasing areas.Spring,autumn and winter precipitation presented a reducing tendency except that of summer.Climate elements cumulative test curve and test signal of noise ratio(S/N) were used to analyze climate mutation.The result showed that precipitation mutation occurred in 1980 and 1997,and the precipitation had not a significant abrupt change. The increase of the temperature led to both an increase in crop yields and a crop pattern change,while the decrease of the precipitation caused a reduction in the natural wetland area.Thus the methods of land use were changed.

Urban energy balance is a physical basis of studying urban heat island effect.Underlying surfaces have a significant effect on urban thermal budget.In this study,different types of underlying surface,namely vegetation cover types(forest and grassland),impervious overlay types(roads and houses),and meteorological data measured in Beijing teaching botanical garden in 2010,were used to study urban energy balance and temperature differences of different underlying surfaces with a local-scale urban meteorological parameterization scheme(LUMPS).The results showed that: 1) urban underlying surfaces had a large impact on energy expenditures.Therein,the annual average Bowen ratio of vegetation cover regions was 0.28,while that of impervious layer regions reached 4.60.Moreover,the differences of energy expenditure mainly appeared in the vegetation growing season;2) the common process of urban sprawl was that grassland or forest were replaced by houses and roads.This process was accompanied by the significant changes of energy expenditures,namely the process of sensible heat increased and latent heat decreased.For example,in the process of conversion of vegetation surface to impervious surface,the sensible heat flux increased by 32.74 W/m²,the latent heat flux decreased by 38.87 W/m²,and the surface heat flux increased by 7.95 W/m²;3) corresponding to the differences of latent heat and temperature,the results displayed that the vegetation cover regions had lower temperture than impervious cover regions due to their different specific heat capacity and energy assignment.And only the cooling effect of evapotranspiration could make the air temperature of vegetation cover regions 2.63℃ lower than impervious cover regions in theory.

Creative industry has attracted more and more attentions across the world since it was proposed.At the same time,many countries have developed creative industry as a strategic industry.Creative industry is highly regarded as an important way to promote the state economy and soft power in various countries in the forthcoming global competition.This article,based on the reviews of characteristics of spatial distribution and influencing factors of creative industry at home and abroad,summarizes the support conditions of the development of creative industry,and further selects the appropriate indicators to structure the index system to evaluate the support conditions of creative industry development in China.By conducting calculation and analysis with the help of SPSS and the statistical software,principal component analysis is used to make quantitative evaluation of the development support conditions of creative industry in 35 major cities of China.As a result,the 35 major cities are classified into four types by the grading of comprehensive factor score of support conditions: good,fairly good,average and poor levels.At the same time,it is proposed to layout the spatial development strategy of creative industry in China at present.The spatial strategies of creative industry development are as follows: Proceeding in the light of local conditions,outstanding feature and making scientific planning;Focusing on the development of several cluster regions of key creative industry so as to enhance the accumulative effect.In combination of some results at present investigation with assessment of current status,eight key cluster areas of creative industry are identified,they are the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan creative cluster areas,Yangtze River Delta creative cluster areas,Pearl River Delta creative cluster areas,Kunming and Lijiang creative cluster areas,Chengdu and Chongqing creative cluster areas,Guanzhong creative cluster areas,Central China creative cluster areas and the Liaodong Peninsula creative cluster areas.This paper strengthens the leading roles of Pearl River Delta,Yangtze River Delta,and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in developing creative industry.Central and western China is encouraged,based on regional central cities,to combine creative industry with leading roles in upgrading the local industry,developing specialty creative industry and forming a distinctive regional creative hubs.

The authors evaluate the provincial accessibility,county accessibility,opening accessibility between adjoining districts,two fare costs and probability of attraction based on social and economic factors of districts in Anhui Province,point out spatial accessibility structure of diversified indexes of towns in this province,and build a model of comprehensive accessibility indexes,and achieve spatial structure of comprehensive accessibility of the towns.We find that spatial pattern of the towns in Anhui is taking Hefei as the center and extending toward edge by and large,but the spatial pattern does not constitute regular concentric circles;county analysis reflects distinct differences between south towns and north towns.Accessibility of south and southwest towns is bad and good in the north towns,respectively;the towns are identified as severe shrinkage,sharp expansion,substantial stabilization and fluctuation in the opening analysis;spatial structure of fare cost based on the shortest line forms circularities centered embayment towards northeast;analysis of the least fare cost testifies spatial structure of accessibility of the towns following with extension of railway network;attractive indexes of probability indicate that the towns with high attractive indexes of probability present a shape of "￥";comprehensive accessibility indexes of the towns reveal symmetry between north and south in Anhui,but the pattern is broken by mountains of South Anhui.In the end,the researchers offer some proposals on some flaws of road network: promote new regional growth poles in north central Anhui for further strengthening their internal relations;accelerate the construction of high-grade highways in Huaibei plain,in particular strengthen lateral ties between the towns of North Jiangsu and South Henan provinces;extend connectivity of high grade roads in the northern and southern parts of Maanshan;improve the road facilities of the Wanjiang City Belt.

Villages-in-the-city(i.e.Chengzhongcun),as distinctive urban spaces in Chinese cities,has attracted great attentions during the last two decades.Few literatures,however,have focused on the basically economic characteristics and spatial distribution of informal sectors run by migrants in Chengzhongcun.In fact,due to non-strict regulated situation,low-rent housing market and favorable location,Chengzhongcun has become ideal areas for the agglomeration of informal economic sectors.Although most of these informal economic sectors are sorts of neighborhood service,there are probably some manufacturing industries.Based on a case study of Kangle village in Guangzhou,a typical Chengzhongcun with booming manufacturing factories,this research tries to explore the basic economic characteristics and spatial distribution of manufacturing factories in Chengzhongcun.Field work is carried out to obtain economic data using semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews with 428 owners or responsible persons of the enterprises selected by convenient and snowball sampling.Location of the samples covers major manufacturing area in the village.In addition,land-use pattern of the village is investigated by dividing the whole village into small grids to describe the spatial distribution of manufacturing enterprises.The results show that most of the factories in the center of Kangle village are garment processing workshops built by migrants.The factories have the attributes of temporality,endogeneity,the diversity of native places of owners,and informality,and the basic economic characteristics of which are small scale,loosing production linkage with each other,and lack of technological innovation.Moreover,many workshops are situated in residential buildings and significantly influenced by the road and alley network in the village.Industrial,residential and commercial land is mixed in vertical space,and factories with similar products are relatively agglomerated.The manufacturing enterprises in Kangle village are not passively isolated only by low cost,but are actively agglomerated because of both low cost and favorable location.

The China's urbanization,which is in rapid development stage,presents significant regional inequality.Using the counties as basic units can reflect the spatial pattern of China's urbanization,raise the level of understanding of spatial inequality of China's urbanization,and be beneficial to the sound development of China's urbanization. This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system for China's county urbanization level in three aspects of urbanization connotation: population,economy and society.Entropy method is adopted to evaluate the comprehensive urbanization levels of 2289 county units in China and levels of their subsystems.Then we transform calculated values into urbanization rate based on min-max normalization and dimensionless method.Urbanization type regions are constructed according to the relationships between population urbanization and economic-social urbanization.The driving force of each urbanization type region is evaluated by partial correlation analysis.Finally,the method of spatial autocorrelation is used to regionalize the level of China's comprehensive urbanization,population urbanization,economic urbanization and social urbanization. The results show that population and economy are two major subtypes reflecting the comprehensive urbanization level of China;the spatial distribution of China's comprehensive urbanization represents a clear administrative hierarchy;China can be divided into four urbanization types,namely,population urbanization lag region;economic-social urbanization lag region,population and economic-social urbanization lag region and comprehensive urbanization non-lag region;spatial autocorrelation is an alternative approach for regionalization researches in the field of human geography.Regionalization of four kinds of urbanization types is different in pattern,mechanism and mode.In regionalization mode of population urbanization type regions,the northern region is higher than the southern region while in regionalization mode of economic and social urbanization type regions,the eastern region is higher than the western region.

Using the spatial autocorrelation analysis,this paper investigates the regional and local influence of cities of different sizes from the influenced rather than influencing perspective,which also indicates the agglomeration and dispersion of different sized cities.The empirical study on China's 637 cities with urban land sizes proves the integrated approach feasible and effective.Considering the effect of scales on interaction among cities and the hierarchy of urban service functions,we analyze the issue on regional and local scales with the inverse distance and inverse distance squared as the spatial weight matrix.Regardless their own sizes of investigated cities,as long as most cities are surrounded by large cities,it is indicated that large cities with powerful regional or local influence are dominant in the region.Otherwise,the radiation effect of central cities is limited and agglomeration of small cities is the typical characteristic of regional urban system.Cities with the most significant regional influence agglomerate in the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area.Among the five metropolitan areas in eastern China,super-cities are dominant in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Pearl River Delta without the following development of small and medium-sized cities;the Yangtze River Delta and Central-Southern Liaoning are characterized by the collaborative development of different sized cities led by super-cities;cities in Shandong Peninsula cooperate well with each other without a distinguished leading city.The regional influence of central cities in central and western China is limited.There are relatively large numbers of cities in central China,whose local influence domains can completely cover the whole region.At the same time,the regional influence of some(joint) central cities may increase by leaps and bounds.However,the urban size hierarchy is dominated by small cities due to lacking large cities in the vast western China.Since the influence of a specific central city on non-central cities cannot be separated from that of other cities,this integrated approach of inspecting the influence domain of central cities through their influences accepted by others is not perfectly accurate.However,it provides a new perspective for the study on city's influence domain,which is to combine the regional influence of central cities with the spatial distribution of cities of different sizes through the interaction among them.

One of the typical characteristics of inbound tourist behavior is that tourists often travel for a long distance in the tourism destination and choose efficient and convenient transportation mode.Air transport,a timely,convenient,efficient and comfortable mode,is playing an increasingly important role in inbound tourists' travel.As a result,airport becomes an important and basic condition for cities to develop inbound tourism industry.Improvement in air transport condition can enhance the possibility of inbound tourists' entry.Meanwhile,growth of inbound tourist flow also results in increasing demand for air transport,which in turn improves the flow efficiency of inbound tourists. Although there is a close relationship between inbound tourism industry and air transport,there have been few researches on disparities and co-evolution between inbound tourist flow and air transport network.This paper firstly analyzes the mechanism of spatial evolution between inbound tourist flow and air transport network,then constructs mechanism model of co-evolution,and studies the disparities and characteristics of co-evolution from 1999 to 2009,which concentrates on the network feature of flows,spatial structure,and node linkage. The conclusions imply that inbound tourist flow and air passenger flow are increasing in Southwest China,and there is a strong correlation(Pearson=0.963).The change characteristics and trends of spatial structure are consistent.In addition,there is a strong coupling relationship in the network node linkage.But Tibet has no obvious interrelation between inbound tourism flow and air passenger flow,and its correlation level is low,while other areas have significant interrelation along with a great internal difference.Therefore,air transport condition in Southwest China should be improved based on the spatial dynamic change of inbound tourism flow.Besides air transport links should be enhanced between provinces to improve flow efficiency of inbound tourism flow and comprehensive tourism benefit.

Based on the definition of RBD and in-depth interviews,this paper describes the emergence and development of a RBD in Yangshuo County,a typical scenic tourist city,using the shape index and land-use dynamic index,and also analyzes its determining factors and development trajectory.The findings are as follows.1.The formation of the RBD originated from West Street and fueled by the development of tourism.With West Street as its core,the RBD springs out and form spatial patterns like a cross shape,an H shape,north and south bisected rectangle shapes,and a checkerboard shape.During 1979 and 2005,spatial configuration of the RBD transformed from a linear pattern to a network one.And the land use change dynamic has picked up speed since 2003 after a long period of slow and steady growth.2.Influenced by the land market,local government policies,mega-events,control and so on,the RBD shows a temporary equilibrium under the dual impact of positive feedbacks such as "tourism investment and the size of tourism industry," and "the number of visitors and the size of tourism industry," and negative feedbacks such as "consumer expectations and the number of visitors," "destination reputation and the number of visitors," and "the size of tourism industry and land price." 3.Due to the presence of bid rent and collective choice action of interested groups,the morphological change of RBDs is an invariable outcome of spatial reconfiguration.Quantitative delineation of their boundaries and measurement of their externalities are issues worth exploring in follow-up studies.