Quantitatively measuring the eco-environmental impacts of energy consumption is an important issue for regional sustainable development evaluation. Taking the carbon cycling process of fossil fuel combustion - carbon dioxide emission - land absorption as the research object, some contents of traditional model such as calculation of land carbon absorption capacity are modified by establishing an energy ecological footprint (EEF) model based on net primary productivity. With Jilin Province as an example, the dynamics of EEF and its each land use type supply from 1994 to 2008 are analyzed by using the modified model, and then the effects of land use/cover change(LUCC) on EEF are revealed by calculating ecological effect index. Furthermore, a system dynamic prediction model under the restriction of LUCC is proposed and used to predict the scenarios of EEF defined as three types in the next 15 years. The results show that, during 1994-2008, the EEF per capita of Jilin Province, of which forest, cropland and grassland are the main part, increases from 0.228 hm² to 0.524 hm², indicating a fast rate, while the grassland degradation has become the primary cause of faster increase in EEF besides the factor of energy consumption since 2003. During 2009-2023, the average annual growth rate of EEF per capita will be 6.36%, 10.73% and 11.43% under the scenarios of low growth, medium growth and high growth, respectively. Meanwhile, the negative ecological effects of LUCC will become one of the main driving forces of the increase in EEF. In view of this, more efforts on natural vegetation especially on the western grassland protection should be made to strengthen the regional comprehensive carbon capability. Compared with the traditional model, the modified model could overcome the defects of excessive simplification and pessimism in evaluation results, which can reflect the eco-environmental impacts of energy consumption more factually and roundly.

As a phenomenon of urban political economy, urban primelot is an inevitable consequence of the development of urban political economy in China recently. Firstly, this paper reviews the theory of urban political economy at home and abroad; then explains the phenomenon of primelot through theories of urban regime and growth machine by analyzing the mechanism of each interest group behind this setting. It reveals that urban primelot is an urban political economy aftermath of the interactions between different political economy groups in the area of land development. This study also indicates that there are four features in this urban setting. (1) Local government is the core in this growth coalition that dominates other parts or agents/agencies, for the local offices need not care too much about their parochial civilian as well as their superior in Chinese appointed bureaucracy system. (2) The central government not only has the absolute, but final macro controls over the growth coalition as well, however, these leaders are hesitating to disorganize the local growth machines or coalitions since it may jeopardize national economic locomotive which has been lasting for over three decades since Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up policy started in 1978. (3) Growth coalition and anti-growth coalition constitute a kind of cooperate-collide continuum. The more peripheral individuals or organizations who are distributed away from the center of core-benefit in the building of growth machines might be more inclined to throw themselves into the lap of anti-growth coalition. (4) The category of urban growth machines or urban regimes might differentiate within the development of national citizenship in historical scale and the economic capacity of local governments in geographical scale. In the areas open wider to the ourside world, such as Beijing and Shanghai, the municipalities would rather build somewhat concessionary regimes/federalist regime than conserving regime/elitist entrepreneurial regime in which the local governments are hungry for development capital and dream for achievements. Therefore, according to the structure of building, dynamic machine and self-organization of growth coalitions, the nationalization process of land market might be necessary to disconnect the coalition through pumping more investment capital into local authorities from the central government or deducing the social consumption responsibility of local governments by the central government.

Knowledge network is a kind of inter-connected network that is born in the process of diffusion and communication of knowledge by the actors who create, transfer, absorb and apply knowledge, such as enterprises, universities, organizations and institutions. Network structures may exert influence on the actors and regions involved, and the potential for successful knowledge absorption and learning may be partly determined by network positions. Up to present, there are no researches about the evolution of spatial structure of knowledge network in China. In recent years, the evolutionary economic geography in Europe and USA begins to explore the spatial structure and evolution of knowledge networks from the geographical angle. But because of language and cultural barriers, the western research focused more on international knowledge flows and connections about knowledge networks in China, while the evolution of Chinese domestic knowledge networks were rarely involved. Purposes of this paper are: 1) to establish the estimation model to analyze the formation mechanism of spatial patterns of knowledge network, and to reveal the dynamic mechanism of its evolution; 2) to provide some advice to the government for policy making of national innovation system.This paper takes statistical data of the papers published in cooperation about the biotechnology in the database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Journals (Journal of Chongqing VIP) from 2000 to 2009 as data source. Based on the theory and methods of social network analysis in New Economic Sociology, it uses UCINET and ArcGIS to analyze the spatial structure and the evolution of knowledge network of biotechnology at provincial level in China. In recent 10 years, the knowledge network developed in three phases: infant stage, expansion stage and maturity stage. Accordingly, the major pattern of knowledge diffusion in the network changed from contagious diffusion to hierarchical diffusion. The spatial high-density of knowledge connections also changed from decentralization to concentration, then again to decentralization. The interactions of geographical proximity and organizational proximity between nodes impact the evolution of network. Based on the result, this paper suggests that the national innovation system should improve the biotechnology through two ways: 1) shortening the social distance of actors who create knowledge; 2) optimizing spatial disposition of innovation resources.

Increasing returns to scale (IRS) play a core role in economic geography, urban economics and new economic geography, and are almost an article of faith of scientists engaged in these disciplines; however, the empirical evidence of increasing returns to scale is rarely of interest for these scientists. This paper examines the role of increasing returns to scale in empirical explanation of the pattern of economic growth. It presents estimates for the Dynamic Verdoorn Law related labor productivity growth to output growth, using data for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region (BTHMR) during 1995-2000, 2000-2007 and 1995-2007. Over the traditional specification, we have three advantages. First, regional social forces, cultural forces and the thickness of institution associated with output growth are considered rather than only the capital stock as the omitted variables. Second, spatial dependence of output growth and labor productivity growth are modeled in our SDM. Third, spatial heterogeneity is modeled through the Bayesian Spatial Heterogeneity Model (BSHM), which alleviates the biasness caused by heteroscedasticity. Based on the specification of model and the proper estimation methods, several results are drawn as follows. 1) The output growth has a strong positive relationship with labor productivity growth about 0.9, which strongly confirms the IRS play an essential part in the polarization and pattern of economic growth in BTHMR. 2) The magnitude of the positive impact of output growth on labor productivity growth is increasing with time, which means that the polarization of economic growth in BTHMR will continue and becomes stronger. In our BSHM, the impact of output growth on labor productivity during 2000-2007 is 0.06 larger than that during 1995-2000. 3) The growth of output in contiguous regions has a negative influence on the very region, which vividly depicts the process of growth for metropolises such as Beijing and Tianjin with their economic growth based on the attraction of productive factors from contiguous regions. This paper argues that our model, built around the productivity-output growth nexus is consistent with an attempt what one might expect as an empirical manifestation of new economic geography theory, and therefore it is seen as a way of confronting our version of new economic geography with data, and an attempt to discover the mechanism of the economic growth in BTHMR.

The article led into the concept of gravity centre, wielded gravity centre computing method based on economic space structure, and identified economic gravity centers of Fujian Province from 1989 to 2008. After exporting space change pictures of economic gravity center points by GIS, it analyzed the dynamic variation and the change laws of economic gravity centers by such indices as moving direction, moving distance, space correlativity in the province in the past 20 years. The results show that the economic gravity centers are mainly situated between southeast Dehua County and northeast Yongchun County, which are basically close to the geometric center. However, this paper presents a tendency that the distance between economic gravity center and geometric center is expanding unceasingly, which indicates that economic development in Fujian is becoming more and more unbalanced and displays a tendency which inclines to the southeast. The general moving trend of economic gravity center is from northwest to southeast during the past 20 years, while the moving track displays some fluctuation. The annual moving distance and direction display a positive correlation between regional economic development levels and speed and regional development policies in the province.

The spatial structure of urban waterfront generally extends along the axis to both ends, namely being a zone, which also becomes one of the main modes of leisure spatial planning and design in the water area. Based on a review of basic concepts and literatures at home and abroad, this paper expounded and summarized major spatial structure features of leisure zones in urban waterfront, that is mobility, symmetry, amphibiousness, and openness. The leisure products and service within a leisure zone of the Grand Canal in downtown Hangzhou were taken as a case to focus on and analyze the spatial layout and evolution of point, linear, and planar space unit. Furthermore, this study pointed out that the spatial assembling of existing resources showed us a first and a second orientation, the spatial distribution of nodes in the zone was unbalanced and the spatial functions were complementary considering both internal and external dimensions. Finally, some suggestions and proposals, including optimizing spatial order, protecting the Blue Belt and Green Belt, constructing collaborative alliances, highlighting spatial character and carrying on regional context, were put forward to realize a sustainable and harmonious development of the leisure zone in urban waterfront.

Based on the land transaction data in Changsha from 2003 to the first half of 2009, GIS and econometrics methods were used to compile three spatial structure maps on the distribution of commercial, residential and industrial land prices. Then this paper analyzed the spatial distribution of the three types of land prices and its influencing factors in Changsha. The results are shown as follows. First, the spatial distribution of land price is different in terms of land use types. Commercial land price calls more for the degree of CBD, and the high value areas are concentrated near the center of the city—Wuyi square. Residential land price is consistent with the level of environment quality, and compared with commercial land price, the degree of aggregation for areas with high values comes down to some extent. Industrial land price, which depends more on external traffic factors, is relatively sparsely and evenly distributed in space. Second, the factors affecting the spatial variation of the three types of land are different due to different usages of the land. Degree of CBD is the most important factor among the factors affecting spatial land change in the single central city—Changsha land price, which also has significant influence on the three types of land use.

Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization, homeplace-based communities accommodating rural migrants from the same origin areas have proliferated in China's metropolitan cities. This phenomenon has attracted a wide range of political concern and media attention. However, little scholarly attention has been devoted to such rural migrant enclaves from the perspective of the social space, and to what extent and in what way 'the power of place' imposes influences upon the migration process and the labor-market process of rural migrants remain poorly understood. Based on field study and qualitative method, this paper aims to probe into the evolution process, basic characteristics, formation mechanism, and spatiality of Hubei Village, a homeplace-based community located in the city of Guangzhou, in the context of rapid urbanization. Our findings reveal that Hubei Village in general has become specialized in economic structure, homogeneous in sub-ethnic composition, and diversified in social stratum since the advent of the reform and opening up, and that abundant production networks and recruitment channels embedded with native space connections engender this community an enclave of key social and cultural distinction from surrounding areas. Our results suggest that Hubei Village plays a key role in accumulating and retaining all kinds of sub-ethnic elements, e.g. capital, labor force, and identity. Specifically, Hubei Village provides a place for the circuit of Hubei migrants' economic capital, for upward mobility of hubei labor migrants, and for integration of Hubei migrants into the host society of detonation cities. Our results further indicate that Hubei Village is a product of interrelated and interwoven forces at varied geographical scales, including market, institutional, and regional-level factors on a macro scale, factors related to urban expansion and infrastructure development on a meso scale, and factors related to competitive edges of Hubei garment factories, entrepreneurial spirit of Hubei migrants, and active response of local community on a micro scale. Based on our empirical study, we make a conclusive remark that homeplace-based communities, as new urban social spaces facilitated by grass-root efforts, make great contributions to the integration of neo-migrants in China's metropolitan cities. Therefore, governments should be cautious to carry out the wholesale demolition of homeplace-based communities, and should reconsider existing redevelopment policies toward urbanized villages.

The government of the Republic of China made cleaning-up and mending on the enclaves in the border area between Sichuan and Guizhou in the years 29-35 during the period of the Republic of China (1940-1946). This work can be divided into two stages: in the first stage, the two provinces did the cleaning-up and mending in 1940-1944; in the second the work was done under the auspices of the Internal Affairs Ministry of the Republic of China in 1945-1946. The effects of the work were very obvious. Field surveys were made and some resolutions were achieved after conferences. Thirty-three problems were solved, which were associated with the enclaves involving 8 counties, 17 villages and towns in the border area between Sichuan and Guizhou. However, due to the impact of the local protectionism, the lack of knowledge of enclaves and different viewpoints of enclaves, the tasks were not completed yet. There were not only some problems remaining unsolved, but also many of them were not taken into consideration. The study of the cleaning-up and mending process will play an important role in strengthening the enclave study, summarizing the experiences in cleaning-up and mending the enclaves and solving the remaining unsolved problems of enclaves.

2011年“中国地理资源期刊网运营模式研讨会”于9月30日在安徽省池州市顺利召开。会议由池州学院资源环境与旅游系主任胡文海教授主持开幕式，池州学院党委委员、纪委书记张友伯同志受院长何根海教授的委托，代表学院对“中国地理资源期刊网运营模式研讨会”的成功召开表示衷心的祝贺，对远道而来的各位领导和嘉宾莅临池州学院参观指导表示热烈地欢迎和衷心感谢。张友伯书记认为此次研讨会既是各刊物编辑之间一次重要的业务交流活动，也是池州学院对外交流中的一件大事。中国地理学会编辑出版工作委员会主任、中国科技出版传媒股份有限公司及科学出版社副总经理彭斌先生代表与会专家学者致辞，感谢池州学院对本次会议的大力支持。

County-level housing structure data,especially those in rural areas,are critical for evaluating regional seismic vulnerability and making anti-disaster planning.The data open to the public,however,are incomplete and inconsistent in scale.This paper addressed this issue and estimated the county-level rural housing structure data across the country,including rural and urban housing number and housing ratios in five structures,including wood,brick,mixed,and reinforced concrete.The national 1/100 census data conducted in 2005 were taken as the basic data.Based on an evaluation of the original data,four spatial accuracy levels were specified according to their statistical scales.Separation method was used to identify rural and urban housing data individually from total housing data.Besides,spatial down-scaling models were established to transfer housing data from province-level or prefecture-level to county-level.The influences of geographic factors,including architectural climate zone and architectural thermo zone,and economic and social factors,for example,average relative GDP per capita,minority counties,were considered in the models,and also spatial autocorrelation was considered in prefecture-level models.Linear regression models and MLP models were compared with Rsqure and RMSE when making spatial down-scaling models,and linear regression models were adopted.Finally,models' Rsqures reached 70% and 40% corresponding to prefecture-level and province-level models,which seemed acceptable facing the incomplete and inconsistent data at present.

The evaluation of the comprehensive urbanization level is a basic issue in the field of urban studies,which has been highly concerned and disputed for a long time.Studies in China have long been restricted by biased single indicators and too complex multi-indicator systems.This paper,considering the diversity of urbanization modes and suitability of multi-scales,proposes an index framework including three major aspects(population,economic structure and land use) and emphasizes the coordination relationships among them.A case study of the Yangtze River Delta Region has proven the effectiveness of this index framework.Empirical results manifest a typical "Center-Periphery" spatial pattern in this region,which exists under different spatial scales and evolves to be more distinct from 2000 to 2005.Regression analysis reveals that this spatial pattern is a prominent feature of this region and can also be attributed to economic level and foreign direct investment.Due to rapid development,it is difficult for this region to keep the three major aspects synchronous.A further examination finds that the coordination level among population,economic structure and land use tends to decline rather than ascend with the increase of integrated urbanization level.Besides,this desynchrony phenomenon is more significant in the county-scale analysis than in the prefecture-level city analysis,so the appropriate evaluating scale is important.Finally,the authors put emphasis on superiority of comprehensive evaluation in promoting the healthy urbanization,especially in this stage of rapid development for contemporary China.

With the process of globalization,the competition among the ports,shipping lines and terminal operators to attain more container traffic has been intense.To obtain more container traffic,some ports have been making a great effort to be a logistic hub to increase their competitive advantage.Under the circumstances,port backup area has attracted much attention in recent years as an important function area.Based on the current development of various types of port backup function area,this paper puts emphasis on the perspective of coupled pattern and process,viewing various types of port backup area as a whole,and discusses the theory of formation and evolution mechanism.The authors hold that global supply chain and evolution of port function,external scale economy and enterprise cooperation promotion,port economy of scale and periphery challenge,regional transportation network layout,resource endowment and needs and policy guidance of urban development are the important driving forces to promote the evolution of port backup area.Meanwhile,the authors believe that evolution of port backup area can be classified into four stages,namely,the period of initial development,the period of unbalanced development,the period of rapid unbalanced expansion and the period of highly differentiated development.According to this model,there are different features in each stage.The empirical analysis shows that,Shanghai port backup area is in the evolution transition period from rapid unbalanced expansion to highly differentiated development.In the next period of time,the evolution will enter the stage of highly differentiated development.

With the acceleration of urbanization,the evolution of the urban systems tends to be more complicated.Working on a major database of regional non-agricultural population,built-up land acreage of cities and counties in Jiangsu over 1996-2008,the study uses methods of rank-size rule,law of allometric growth and its multi-fractal property to analyze the fractal feature of city-size distribution,structural capacity,index scale and degeneration of population-area allometric growth.The results indicate that urban system of Jiangsu Province is now in good gear,its rank-size structure is experiencing a mutation from centralization to decentralization,large and medium-sized cities are the main supporting space for urbanization process.The allometric growth relationship between land and population is in trends of degeneration at provincial level,which turns negative to positive after 2001.Scale factors of allometric growth of Nanjing,Suzhou and Xuzhou have a mark significantly higher than those of other cities,indicating a faster spatial expansion compared with population growth in these cities.In the meantime,relationship between land and population needs further discussion.Complex patterns resulting from evolution of the urban system make higher demands for developing a new-type urbanization with its own characteristics in Jiangsu.

This paper carries out the research of theory and method of river basin major function oriented zoning(MFOZ),in a case of Yangtze River Basin,aiming at the deficiency of natural unit MFOZ and the need of river basin coordinated development,based on overview of the theories and research findings of space planning and river basin planning at home and abroad,and clarifies and combines the relationship between MFOZ and river basin planning.The paper first describes the connotation and characteristic of river basin MFOZ,and indicates essence is the organic combination of MFOZ and river basin planning.And then it constructs the logical ideas and method route.Furthermore,this paper selects zoning index,determines weight coefficient and constructs index system of Yangtze River Basin MFOZ,using Delphi and analytic hierarchy process(AHP),based on the principles including scientificness,systematicness,basin characteristics,balancing efficiency and fairness.The index system is divided into the target layer,rule layer,support layer and element layer.The target layer is the suitability of land spatial development;the rule layer consists of development constraints,development strength and development potential;the support layer contains ecological vulnerability,ecological significance,importance of agriculture,development density,industrialized level,the level of urbanization,economic development aftereffect and traffic advantage;the element layer is composed of 22 indicators;other factors and indicators are brought into auxiliary analysis.Finally,the Yangtze basin is identified into eight types of major function oriented regions,namely,promotion development zone,transition development zone,priority growth zone,key foster zone,general development zone,agricultural development zone,ecological protection zone and strictly protected zone,based on the orientation of development suitability and protection necessity,and on the dimension of ecology,agriculture and development.

Based on the model of co-evolution of culture and economy,the co-evolution types of Fengxian and Kunshan were judged.Moreover,the Fengxian pattern and the Kunshan pattern were interpreted and compared based on aspects of the path,the subtype,the class,the subclass and the process of co-evolution.Conclusions were drawn as follows.Firstly,regional development pattern was the results of the co-evolution of culture and economy.Research showed that,on the one hand,regional culture influenced the development path of regional economy,on the other hand,regional economy influenced the development process of regional culture,and the mutual coupling and co-evolution led to the higher level regional development pattern.The regional development pattern became a theoretical analytical frame which paid attention to the internal two-way interactive relation between culture and economy and its geographic results.Secondly,the regional development evolution was an unbalanced development process of co-evolution of culture and economy.Empirical studies showed that neither the Fengxian pattern of economic guidance nor the Kunshan pattern of synchronous development of culture and economy achieved the synchronization between culture and economy,instead,the unbalanced development showed "as one falls,another rises".Thirdly,the formation of regional development pattern was a process of co-evolution of culture and economy which was coupled with multi-factor and multi-level.It was found that the process of co-evolution of culture and economy was related to not only the internal cultural characteristics,economic structure and historical basis,but also the external institutional environment,geographical location,and external radiation effect.Finally,the innovation of regional development pattern was a process of co-evolution of culture and economy which included both path dependence and path creation.For the Fengxian development process of traditional agriculture,modern agriculture,equal stress laid on both agriculture and industry,as well as the Kunshan development process of agriculture to industry,inside to outside,dispersion to agglomeration,the regional development process was a development path which was constantly clear,then formed,and even dependent at last,and it was also a process of model innovations and path creation by adjusting development path and promoting development levels.

Based on the scale and the reality of the Yangtze River Delta,taking the county as the basic research unit,this article analyzes the pattern of transportation superiority in the Yangtze River Delta in the aspects of the highway network density,the integrated transportation accessibility and the convenience of linking with the regional key cities.Some conclusions are drawn as follows.(1) The Yangtze River Delta has one of the highest highway density in China,and the highway density of the northern part is significantly higher than that of the southern part.The units with highly integrated transportation accessibility are relatively concentrated in the areas along the transportation corridors of Shanghai-Nanjing,Shanghai-Hangzhou,and Hangzhou-Ningbo and the accessibility decreases gradually from the north to the south.Following a distinct core-periphery pattern,the links with the regional key cities are very convenient.The most convenient areas are Shanghai and its adjacent units.(2) The transportation superiority of 50% of the units are close to the regional average level,with more than half of the units having transportation superiority higher than the regional average level.On the whole,the northern part of the region has higher transportation superiority than the southern with a great difference.Shanghai has the highest transportation superiority,which is also high in the units around Shanghai.Other units with better transportation superiority are centralized in the areas along the transportation corridor of Shanghai-Nanjing,Shanghai-Hangzhou,and the Yangtze River.The transportation superiority of the units on both northern and southern edges of the Yangtze River Delta is relatively low.Based on these results,this article puts forward several proposals for the regional development in taking the advantages and avoiding the disadvantages of each specific transportation situation.

There is close relationship between the comprehensive transport accessibility(CTA) and the level of economic development(LED) at county level.The article uses some statistical analysis methods to analyze their relationship.Firstly,it modifies the valuation method to calculate the CTA which is not influenced by the analysis spatial scale based on the current research results.Especially,the railway station is regarded as an important transport node and its level has very important influence on the accessibility in the new method.Secondly,it evaluates the CTA of 79 counties in Hubei Province with this method.And it analyzes the spatial difference of the CTA in this province based on the result of systems cluster analysis.Thirdly,it evaluates the level of county economic development and its spatial difference with the method of principal component analysis and system cluster analysis.Fourthly,the non-liner statistical correlation between the CTA with the LED at county level is revealed by the method of correlation analysis and curve fit analysis.Fifthly,this paper analyzes the combination type of CTA and LED with the 3×3 matrix,and the spatial distribution rule of different types of counties as well.Finally,it is suggested that we should choose the imbalanced spatial development strategy,such as pole-axis development.And this article builds a spatial development mode which is "one main center city,two associate center cities,three city-and-town concentrated areas and four economic zones".In addition,it put forwards some suggestions for upgrading the county CTA in Hubei Province.

Cuisine is the most typical part of a food culture.The natural geographical condition provided the possibility and reality for the forming and developing of a cuisine,while certain human geographical environment has helped the cuisine to gain its peculiarity.Huizhou cuisine,born in the south of Anhui Province,can be traced back to the Song Dynasty and it reached its highest level during the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.With significant local characteristics,Huizhou cuisine is good at cooking various kinds of delicacies from land and mountains.It is characterized by emphasizing taste in itself,dietetic invigoration and health preserving,with valuing heavy oil,color and heat,which reflects the influence of the geographical environment on the cooking.Promoted by Huizhou merchants,Huizhou cuisine is listed in the eight main cuisines in China.Based on investigation and survey,this paper points out that with the change and improvement of modern mode of production and people's living conditions,especially with the rising tourism and increasing importance attached to health by people,Huizhou cuisine needs to be improved to seize new opportunities for local economic development.

By use of high-precision RTKGPS technology and survey method,three profiles of a typical coastal transverse ridge were surveyed 9 times in the three years from 2006 to 2008.The typical coastal transverse ridge is located at Feicui Island of Changli Gold Coast in Hebei Province,which is one of the most typical coastal aeolian distribution regions in China and famous for the tall and typical coastal transverse ridges.The surveying data,which is about height and profile section as well as the typical topographic positions of coastal transverse ridge,could be used to explain the movement and topographic change of coastal transverse ridge.In the period of field observation from 2006 to 2008,the position of crest and the leedward slope bottom at the survey profiles of coastal transverse ridge advanced towards sea in the direction of east in summer and autumn and moved towards inland in the direction of west in winter and spring,in general the crest of coastal transverse ridge moved towards inland in the direction of west,and its annual largest movement distance in the period of field observation was 1.83 meters,but the annual largest movement distance of the leeward slope bottom in the same period was just 0.16 meters.It was found that the height of crest at the survey profiles of coastal transverse ridge decreased in summer and autumn and increased in winter and spring,the mean height of crest of coastal transverse ridge in the period of field observation reduced by 1.58 meters.The section area of the surveyed profiles of coastal transverse ridge increased by 0.47%,0.79% and 0.69%,respectively.According to the surveying data above,it could be concluded that the movement and topographic change of coastal transverse ridge are closely related with the seasonal change,indicating that the stable bottom of coastal transverse ridge is characterized by slow advance to inland in the way of to-and-fro of crest,the aggrandizement of volume and reduction of height of crest of coastal transverse ridge.This resulted in the movement and topographic change of coastal transverse ridge above was mainly related with the wind conditions and human activities in the research area.

Based on land use map,this paper excluded mountains,hills,water,and constructions,and studied wind erosion desertification in the northwestern part of Liaoning Province,with the purpose of finding a semi-humid drought-prone line.This paper took TM and MODIS images as data source and some vegetation indexes as index by using decision tree to classify the study area.The results showed that non-desertification,light,moderate,severe and extremely severe wind erosion desertification area accounted for 44.38%,25.15%,18.97%,9.34% and 2.16%,respectively.Meanwhile,this study used empirical formula k=0.16∑≥10℃/ r to calculate aridity,and then interpolated aridity values by using Kriging method.Comparing aridity line 1.1,1.15,1.2,1.25 and 1.3,we found:(1) Selecting line 1.2 meets the requirement of judging the extent of desertification in semi-humid areas.(2) Line 1.2 is better than other lines on distinguishing non-desertification,severe and extremely severe desertification,and arable land.(3) Field investigations showed that line 1.2 could be the boundary of loam and sand in the northwestern part of Liaoning Province,and have important practical significance.Thus,on the basis of classification results,selecting line 1.2 is reasonable in science and valuable in practice.

Taking province as research unit,the article quantified social responsibilities of cultivated land protection to test different provincial social responsibility for cultivated land protection and the value deviation given by the state,confirming its degree of obligations in the aspects.The study carried on the research of relation and built a regression model between economic development and social responsibility value per unit area cultivated land,with referring to five major indicators of economic development such as per capita GDP.The result showed that the most food productive areas were the major object of compensation.Heilongjiang Province had the highest gain compensation quantum in 2009,reaching 158.73×10⁸ yuan,while Guangdong Province had the highest paying compensation quantum in 2009,amounting to 91.76×10⁸ yuan.The results also suggested the reasonably establishing the value of compensation regarding to area cultivated land social responsibility would play an important role in performing their respective responsibilities,and mobilizing grain production enthusiasm from major grain producing areas.The arable land would be protected better only with the earnest social acceptance of this value.

In this study,we use three scenes of Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) images,including those of 1988,1998 and 2006,to detect the expansion of construction land in the Pearl River Delta.Meanwhile,we analyze the economic growth pattern of the region by the input-output analysis of the primary factors and the production organization analysis.Based on it,we conduct research on the interaction between the construction land expansion and the economic growth pattern in the Pearl River Delta,using the quantitative analysis. The result shows that the Pearl River Delta's economic growth presents a typical extensive and export-oriented growth pattern,which relies on a large number of primary factors affecting production inputs and the promotion of foreign investment to achieve rapid economic growth.This pattern reflects the characteristics which is called "high input,high consumption,high output and export-orientation". For the relationship between the extensive growth pattern and the construction land expansion,there is exponential correlation between the input-output coefficients and the land use efficiency.With the rise in input-output coefficients,the efficiency of construction land drops down exponentially.For the relationship between the export-oriented growth pattern and the construction land expansion,although the extent of the export-oriented economic growth will not affect construction land expansion,the foreign capital flows play an important role in guiding the expansion of construction land while production organization mode of export-oriented will also reflect the distribution and morphology of construction land directly. In fact,both the phase change and the spatial feature of the construction land of the region such as "site factor pointer","small towns pointer" and "decentralization and inefficiency" are closely related to the economic growth pattern.Thus,there is a causal link between construction land expansion and economic growth pattern.They promote each other and constitute the "land-economy" interactive system.Only when we change the economic growth pattern while optimizing the allocation of land resources,could we establish the positive interactive relationship between land and economy,and achieve sustainable economic growth and utilization of land resources.

The urban sprawl is an important issue to be solved urgently in the 21st century.The population,environmental and social problems resulting from the urban sprawl has drawn wide attention from governments and academic circles.The characteristics and the main influencing factors of urban construction land expansion in Zhengzhou City were researched and analyzed in this paper.The changes of construction land area is studied in the past 21 years based on the Landsat TM/ETM+ data as one of the main data sources,and using object-oriented and artificial visual interpretation methods combined with land-use map and Google Earth data of Zhengzhou City.On this basis,causal analysis is made between the construction land area and the influencing factors with economic data.The results are drawn as follows.1) Urban construction land area increased from 126.31 km2 in 1988 to 303.59 km² in 2000.2) Construction land area had a year-on-year increase of 3.1 km² from 1988 to 2000,with an annual rate of 2.18%.3) Averagely,construction land area expanded by 12.99 km2 per year from 2000 to 2009,with an annual rate of 6.18%.4) Expansion of construction land is dominated by a concentric-style center at February Seventh Square in the two periods.5) The main factors affecting urban construction land expansion in Zhengzhou are the number of urban residents,economic development,and industrial restructuring.

Highly precise Land Use and Cover Change(LUCC) dataset plays a key role in improving simulations of effects of LUCC on climate and ecosystem.Historical LUCC usually has no precise spatial location information.This shortage limited usage of historical LUCC dataset in the global environmental changes simulations.So,it is needed to develop an effective way to reconstruct historical cropland spatial distribution with grid-boxes.In this study,we develop a new way in which the spatial distribution of historical cropland was reconstructed effectively.This approach was built on a reasonable hypothesis that historical cropland was located in the domain of present cropland area.This hypothesis was derived from a feature that cropland area increased all the time generally in the past 300 years.This approach includes two steps:(1) estimating the easiness for reclamation one pixel by one pixel within the cropland domain determined by MODIS land cover product;(2) by descending order of easiness for reclamation,filling in the pixels with cropland from historical inventories;it would not stop until the total area of cropland pixels was equal to inventory cropland area.As a case study,we reconstructed the spatial distribution with a 90-m resolution of cropland in the Yunnan Province in 1671 and 1827 by using this approach.The results show this approach could reconstruct the historical cropland spatial distribution with high resolution.

Unstable natural factors and pressures from human activities determine the ecological vulnerability of the Tibetan Plateau.This paper analyzed the factors and mechanism of ecological vulnerability,and developed an index system comprising 3 levels and 10 indicators for the vulnerability assessment.Using multi-source data and ArcGIS spatial analysis tools,this study quantitatively evaluated the degree and its spatial variation of ecological vulnerability on the Tibetan Plateau,based on the above index system.The results show that most parts of the Tibetan Plateau is ecologically fragile,with 74.79% of the area belonging to moderate to extreme-level vulnerability.The map and data of vulnerability classification indicate that the slight and light-level vulnerability area covers 8.33%,which are mainly distributed in the relatively low mountain areas below 3000 m in southeastern Tibet,the northwestern part of the Qilian Mountains,the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains and the southern margin of the Tarim Basin;the moderate-level vulnerability area occupies more than 25.33%,mainly on the north and central Tibetan Plateau and the source region of the Yangtze,Lancang and Yellow rivers;while the heavy and extreme-level vulnerability area covers 49.46%,mainly concentrated in the source region of Yellow River,Qaidam Basin and the zone along 32°N(from 78°E to 92°E).The results contribute to understanding the extent of ecological vulnerability and its spatial difference on the Tibetan Plateau,and help to identify environmental problems,the key fragile factors and measures for ecological protection and rehabilitation in this region.

Wetlands of the nature reserve along the Yangtze River in Anqing City,as a part of wetlands in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,are the post station of migratory birds moving from East Asia to Australia. In this paper,the economic value of lakes and wetlands along the Yangtze River in Anqing,including water resources value,fishery resource value,land resource value,research and culture value,scientific expedition and tourism value,was studied with market value method,carbon tax method,shadow engineering approach and so on,according to its characteristics.Second,the environmental-function value was evaluated,such as water conservation value,regulation climatic value,flood diversion and storage value,water purification value and so on.Then,the social cultural value was evaluated.Lastly,the total value of different service functions of lakes and wetlands along the Yangtze River in Anqing was 142.49×10⁸ yuan.The fishery resource value was most valuable in those functions,with a rate of 18.91% in service value of lakes and wetlands along the Yangtze River in Anqing eco-system,followed by the flood diversion and storage value,accounting for 17.17%.As a result,the above data can provide scientific reference for sustainable utilization of the wetlands along the Yangtze River in Anqing City.

This paper takes mountainous areas of Southwest China(Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Chongqing Municipality,Sichuan Province),Guizhou Province and Yunnan Province,which are regions bearing huge pressure of resource and environment,as the study area.According to the Pressure-State-Response model,the integrated assessment index system of resource and environment security was established.Using the entropy weight and fuzzy synthetic evaluation method,the general situation of resource and environment security of each province from 1999 to 2009 were assessed quantitatively.The results are shown as follows.(1) The integral security level of the study area was lower,though the development of resource-environment system of each province showed positive momentum.(2) Yunnan had the highest holistic resource and environment security level,followed by Chongqing,Sichuan,Guizhou and Guangxi.(3) The degree of membership curve of each province presented a convergent tendency since 2006,which indicated that the mountainous areas of Southwest China made some progress during the period of the 11th Five-Year Plan(2006~2010),but the whole region has not got rid of the development model of seeking temporary economic growth at the expense of the environment and resources.

颜廷真、孙鲁健合著的《中国风水文化:理论演变和实践》一书,于2011年9月由陕西师范大学出版总社有限公司出版发行(繁体版由香港三联书店出版)。本著除了序言、前言和后记之外,共10章,27万字。

中华书局近年出版了南京师范大学施和金教授的著作《中国历史地理研究(续集)》,这是他继《中国历史地理研究(前集)》出版后在历史地理学研究中的又一部力作。这部专著收录了作者近十年来发表的二十余篇论文,既有对前集的继承,又有近年新的发展.