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The effects of urbanization on ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation in southernmost Yunnan Province, Southwest China Fangyan CHENG, Shiliang LIU, Xiaoyun HOU, Xue WU, Shikui DONG, COXIXO Ana Journal of Geographical Sciences    2019, 29 (7): 1159-1178.   DOI: 10.1007/s11442-019-1651-9 Abstract （384）   HTML （10）    PDF （4878KB）（2546）       Knowledge map    Urbanization can profoundly influence the ecosystem service for biodiversity conservation. However, few studies have investigated this effect, which is significant for maintaining regional sustainable development. We take the rapidly developing, mountainous and biodiversity hotspot region, Jinghong, in southern Yunnan Province as the case study. An integrated ecosystem service model (PANDORA) is used to evaluate this regional BESV (ecosystem service value for biodiversity conservation). The modeled BESV is sensitive to landscape connectivity changes. From the 1970s to 2010, regional urban lands increased from 18.64 km2 to 36.81 km2, while the BESV decreased from $6.08 million year-1 to $5.32 million year-1. Along with distance gradients from the city center to the fringe, BESV varies as an approximate hump-shaped pattern. Because correlation analysis reveals a stronger influence of landscape composition on spatial BESV estimates than the landscape configuration does, we conclude that the projected urban expansion will accelerate the BESV reduction. Of the projected urban land, 95% will show a decreasing BESV trend by approximately $2 m-2 year-1. To prevent this, we recommend compact urban planning for the mountainous city. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Progress of Child Trafficking Studies in China and Abroad since 2000: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace Junjun Zhou, Gang Li, Dandan Hong, Feng Xu, Jiahui Xu, Yue Yu, Xiliang Chen Tropical Geography    2022, 42 (9): 1430-1442.   DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003542 Abstract （294）   HTML （5）    PDF （1580KB）（4431）       Knowledge map    As a crime that threatens public safety and social stability, child trafficking has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society. Few studies have been conducted on child trafficking, especially in the literature review conducted from the perspective of comparison between China and abroad, which makes it difficult to fully reveal the system and development of current research. This study clarifies the thematic structure and development of child trafficking in China and abroad, based on the "Web of ScienceTM Core Collection" and CNKI data sources, using CiteSpace software. Specifically, the study comparatively examines the progress of child trafficking studies in China and abroad since 2000 and analyzes future development trends from the time of publication, regional and subject distribution, research institutions, and keyword co-occurrence. We hope that this work provides a relatively complete and objective understanding for innovative future research. The results indicate that: (1) the research on child trafficking started earlier abroad, and the theoretical system and research methods are relatively mature. From 2000 to 2020, a total of 215 articles were published in Web of Science, showing two stages of fluctuating and rapid growth, and USA ranks first worldwide. There are 46 core articles published in CNKI, showing two stages of initial exploration and fluctuating growth overall, with a relatively slow growth rate in China. More studies are distributed in the fields of social studies, psychology, pediatrics, family studies and criminology in abroad, while domestic studies are mainly distributed in the field of law, criminology and sociology. In recent years, the research in the field of geography has risen rapidly, and there is ample room for development. (2) Due to the differences in regional environment and national conditions, international child trafficking is part of a study on human trafficking, which is mainly for the purpose of exploitation, including direct and indirect exploitation, involving various topics such as commercial sexual exploitation, labor exploitation, trafficking human organs, child marriage trafficking, and other types of trafficking. Commercial trafficking and sexual exploitation are the main research hotspots of child trafficking. Child trafficking in China is usually discussed in combination with the trafficking of women, focusing on the provincial trafficking for the purpose of adoption, and "family control" and "lured adoption" are common ways of committing crimes. The legal policy and social reasons surrounding child trafficking are hot topics of concern. (3) With the increase in interdisciplinary integration, child trafficking involves suicide risk and well-being, rehabilitation and return to society, child protection and trafficking prevention and control measures, which have become popular topics abroad. The theme of domestic child trafficking has extended from focusing on legal policies and social reasons to spatial-temporal patterns, influencing factors, resettlement, and social integration. In the future, how to integrate the relevant parties involved in child trafficking (criminals, victims or guardians, and other people) with the spatio-temporal environment (social environment, built environment, and surrounding people flow environment), and explore the evolution of geographical factors and the spatio-temporal activity trajectory of child trafficking from the perspective of criminal geography? It is important to deeply analyze the occurrence mechanism of child trafficking from the interactive perspective of time, space, and humans. How to make full use of the modern technological means to track and combat child trafficking in practice, to contribute to the prevention and management of this issue at home and abroad, constitutes a key question. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal variations and influencing factors of energy-related carbon emissions for Xinjiang cities in China based on time-series nighttime light data ZHANG Li, LEI Jun, WANG Changjian, WANG Fei, GENG Zhifei, ZHOU Xiaoli Journal of Geographical Sciences    2022, 32 (10): 1886-1910.   DOI: 10.1007/s11442-022-2028-z Abstract （213）   HTML （27）    PDF （6062KB）（12803）       Knowledge map    This essay combines the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) nighttime light data and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) nighttime light data into a “synthetic DMSP” dataset, from 1992 to 2020, to retrieve the spatio-temporal variations in energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang, China. Then, this paper analyzes several influencing factors for spatial differentiation of carbon emissions in Xinjiang with the application of geographical detector technique. Results reveal that (1) total carbon emissions continued to grow, while the growth rate slowed down in the past five years. (2) Large regional differences exist in total carbon emissions across various regions. Total carbon emissions of these regions in descending order are the northern slope of the Tianshan (Mountains) > the southern slope of the Tianshan > the three prefectures in southern Xinjiang > the northern part of Xinjiang. (3) Economic growth, population size, and energy consumption intensity are the most important factors of spatial differentiation of carbon emissions. The interaction between economic growth and population size as well as between economic growth and energy consumption intensity also enhances the explanatory power of carbon emissions’ spatial differentiation. This paper aims to help formulate differentiated carbon reduction targets and strategies for cities in different economic development stages and those with different carbon intensities so as to achieve the carbon peak goals in different steps. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Driving Factors of China's Time Banking from 1998 to 2020: Based on Baidu Information Long Song, Xueping Xiong Tropical Geography    2022, 42 (12): 1964-1979.   DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003573 Abstract （375）   HTML （15）    PDF （3775KB）（456）       Knowledge map    Combining the development history of mutual assistance and old-age care of Time Banking under the background of aging in China has important reference significance for addressing the Time Banking development dilemma. Using news reports on the establishment of Time Banking in Baidu from 1998 to 2020, this study extracts the time and place of its establishment through manual interpretation, and analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Time Banking. Additionally, it discusses the driving factors and differentiation mechanism to restore the development history of Time Banking from the perspective of social attention and provide a useful reference for its current status from the perspective of geography. It was found that: 1) Time Banking has experienced three periods of development in China, and the number of branches has shown an overall upward trend, among which the third period had the largest increase. 2) In terms of urban and rural distribution, Time Banking was mostly concentrated in urban areas and gradually spread to rural areas. In the provincial distribution, most provinces had already explored Time Banking, among which Jiangsu, Hubei, Zhejiang, Guangxi, and four other provinces (regions) had the largest number. 3) The spatial distribution of Time Banking initially showed a small sporadic distribution, which then gradually developed into a double-center distribution pattern in the Central Plains of the Yangtze River Delta. These were concentrated south of the Hu Huanyong line and was generally "dense in the southeast-sparse in the northwest". 4) In terms of the spatial relationship, Time Banking develops gradually from the initial spatial divergence to a spatial agglomeration. The degree of agglomeration is constantly strengthened, tends to be stable, the spatial homogeneity is gradually enhanced, and the heterogeneity is gradually weakened. 5) The driving factors of Time Banking development include population structure, old-age construction level, economic development level, government support, volunteer team construction, and digital technology level. Among them, the old-age construction level is more important in the first period, while the government support level and economic development level are more important in the second and third periods. Finally, it is suggested to increase the exploration of Time Banking and reduce the dependence on social and economic development indicators to provide a feasible path for their balanced development in underdeveloped areas, such as the northwest and northeast rural areas. Additionally, government support should be strengthened and multi-stakeholder participation guided to guarantee the sustainable development of Time Banking. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in spatialization of population data BAI Zhongqiang, WANG Juanle, YANG Fei PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY    2013, 32 (11): 1692-1702.   DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2013.11.012 Abstract （2258）      PDF （528KB）（4483）       Knowledge map    Readily available and accurate data on spatial population distribution is essential for understanding, and responding to, many social, political, economical and environmental issues, such as humanitarian relief, disaster response planning, environment impact assessment, and development assistance. Research on spatialization of demographic data plays an important role in grid transformation of social-economical data. Furthermore, as gridded population data can be effectively interoperate with geospatial data and remote sensing images, it is a useful supplement to census data. This paper reviewed spatialization methodologies, predictive modeling factors and typical datasets in the literature of population data spatialization research. Shortcomings of demographic data and advantages of spatial population distribution data are compared and summarized firstly. The spatialization methodologies are grouped into three categories, i.e., population distribution models from urban geography, areal interpolation methods and spatialization methods based on remote sensing and GIS. Population models from urban geography include the Clark's model and allometric growth model. The areal interpolation methods had been distinguished by point based method and area based method. Spatialization methods based on remote sensing and GIS are most widely used in nowadays, which can be further grouped into three categories for two reasons: one is the relationship between population and land use, urban area, traffic network, settlement density, image pixel characteristics, or other physical or socioeconomic characteristics, and the other is the calculation strategy. Various methods mentioned above have their own application environment and limitations. We reviewed the principles and applicability of every method in detail. After that, we generalized the frequently used factors in the spatialization process, involving land use/land cover, traffic network, topography, settlements density, night light, texture variable, and spectral reflectance. In the meantime, some typical research cases about the factors also were exemplified and analyzed. In addition, we introduced a few widely used spatial population distribution datasets or influential population spatialization projects. They consisted of China km grid population datasets, UNEP/GRID, GPW/GRUMP, LandScan, AfriPop & AsiaPop & AmriPop. The producers, resolution, characterization year and generation method of each one were presented exhaustively. Based on the above review, we discussed the current research problems and outlined research priorities in the future. The problems include the temporal inconsistency of input data, coarse resolution of demographic data, lack of in-depth study on scale effect, the scarcity of time series products and few validation works. To deal with these issues, more studies should be conducted to the following aspects: comprehension of population distribution mechanism, calculation of consistency and validation of existing datasets, application of multi-sources remote sensing data and volunteered geographic information, continuous space-time simulation of population distribution in the typical areas, sub-block-level population estimation, self-adaptive spatialization method which integrates multiple elements and multiple models. In summary, the research on spatialization of demographic data has made breakthroughs in the past two decades. Meanwhile, there are a few problems that need to be solved immediately. Since these two aspects had been reviewed as comprehensively as possible, we hope issues discussed in this paper could enlighten and promote the future study in this field. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: CSCD(34)

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China's regional economic development and policy system evolution: A three-dimensional analysis framework based on dynamic perspective XIA Tian, XIA Ying, LIU Xiaoyu, SUN Jiuwen Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (8): 1904-1919.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202308004 Abstract （1501）   HTML （351）    PDF （2025KB）（1001）       Knowledge map    Despite the initial development goals achieved, China's macro-economy is still deeply affected by the external environment and stuck in its own structure at the same time. In retrospect, not until 1949 with the founding of the People's Republic of China did China's budding regional economy witness the prominence of a fixed development pattern shifting from a spontaneous to an actuating one. After comparing the three regional economic practices, this paper finds that each development stage has its corresponding development strategy. At the same time, several development patterns, namely, the coastal and inland areas, the three regions, and four plates were formed accordingly. Furthermore, through combing the literature and historical facts, this paper determines the historical starting point, division criteria and division scheme of China's regional economic development before summarizing three main lines and also contradictions therein: the government-market relations against the background of market reform, the coastal-inland relations against the tide of economic zonation, and the urban-rural relations against the trend of urbanization. Based on the above, the paper constructs a three-dimensional model out of the spatio-termporal process of China's regional development before proposing new historical stages from the perspective of economic system modernization. These historical stages are: industrial economy, special zone economy, district economy, regional economy and urban network economy. Finally, from the urbanization angle, this paper concludes that for different urbanization stages, regional policies should be industrial policies, factor policies, fiscal and tax policies sequentially. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of Travel Climate Comfort Degree in the Cross-border Region between China and Russia based on GIS ZHOU Yezhi, WANG Juanle, WANG Yi, Elena A. Grigorieva Journal of Resources and Ecology    2019, 10 (6): 657-666.   DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2019.06.011 Abstract （632）   HTML （7）    PDF （7312KB）（642）       Knowledge map    The duration of travel climate comfort degree is an important factor that influences the length of the tourism season and the development of a tourism destination. In this study, we used the monthly average meteorological data for the last 10 years from 46 weather stations in Heilongjiang Province (China) and Primorsky Krai (Russia) to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI) and wind chill index (WCI) based on ArcGIS software interpolation technology. We obtained the climate comfort charts of the study area with a grid size a 1 km 2 grid size, and analyzed the spatial distribution of comfort for each month. The results show the following: 1) The THI and WCI of the cross-border region gradually decrease from south to north and from low altitude to high altitude. The annual comfortable climate period is longer when analyzed in terms of the WCI rather \than the THI. 2) The travel climate comfortable period of the study area shows significant regional difference and the length of the comfortable period in Heilongjiang Province is 4 to 5 months. Meanwhile, the period in Primorsky Krai decreases from south to north and the length of the comfortable period length in its southern region can reach 7 months. 3) The predominant length of the climate comfortable period in the cross-border area is 5 months per year, and it covers 46.6% of the total area, while areas that have a climate comfortable period of 2 months are the most limited, covering less than 0.3% of the area. The results provide a scientific basis for the utilization and development of a meteorological tourism resources and touring arrangements for tourists in the cross-border region between China and Russia. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial Distribution and Tourism Activation of Traditional Villages in Yunnan Province XU Shaohui, DONG Liping Journal of Resources and Ecology    2022, 13 (5): 851-859.   DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.05.009 Abstract （323）   HTML （90）    PDF （2284KB）（17656）       Knowledge map    Using ArcGIS to analyze the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Yunnan Province in combination with the actual local conditions of traditional villages, the purpose of this study is to determine the development model suitable for their characteristics. The results show several important features of traditional village distribution. (1) The traditional villages in Yunnan Province have spatial structural characteristics of unbalanced cohesive distribution, and they are mainly distributed in the higher-level cities and prefectures such as northwest Yunnan, west Yunnan and south Yunnan. Among them, the traditional villages of Baoshan City have the highest distribution density of 66.33 per 10000 km2. This is followed by Dali Prefecture and Honghe Prefecture, where the densities of traditional villages are 44.13 per 10000 km2 and 37.66 per 10000 km2, respectively. (2) The factors affecting the spatial distribution structure of traditional villages in Yunnan Province are natural geographical factors, humanistic historical factors and transportation factors. Among them, the natural geographical conditions with a large vertical gap in Yunnan Province gave birth to the human settlement environment of traditional villages. The history of a farming civilization that has been passed down from generation to generation has laid a brilliant and splendid humanistic foundation for traditional villages, and the high-altitude areas are relatively primitive. The transportation conditions have delayed the destruction of traditional villages by urbanization and industrialization. In summary, these factors have affected the spatial distribution pattern of traditional villages in Yunnan Province to some extent. (3) According to the law of the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Yunnan Province, it is necessary to explore the activation path of traditional village tourism with regional characteristics and ethnic characteristics, and also to carry out differentiated development according to the different endowment characteristics of local resources, that is to develop a series of activation modes including agricultural tourism, cultural tourism and ecological tourism. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The characteristics and multi-scale governance of rural space in the new era in China GE Dazhuan Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (8): 1849-1868.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202308001 Abstract （1171）   HTML （243）    PDF （3252KB）（773）       Knowledge map    Deconstructing rural spatial characteristics is the precondition for building rural spatial governance system in the new era, and multi-scale rural spatial characteristics and its governance path would effectively support the modernization of the national governance system. Based on the comprehensive, regional and mobile thinking paradigm of geography, this paper deconstructs the multi-scale rural spatial characteristics, identifies its internal operating logics, summarizes its governance dilemmas, constructs a multi-scale rural spatial governance framework that is based on geographical analysis paradigm, explores feasible governance paths, and constructs a multi-scale rural spatial governance system research plan, namely, "characteristics identification-dilemma analysis-governance framework-governance path". The paper finds that: (1) to analyze the operating logics of the multi-scale rural space through the comprehensive, regional and mobile analytical thinking of geography, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of action of scale synthesis, scale differentiation and scale flow to the multi-scale rural spatial characteristics, highlighting the comprehensive characteristics of rural space, strengthening rural spatial heterogeneity, and integrating rural spatial mobility. (2) The lacking urban-rural spatial overall planning, unsmooth spatial mobile network and not-reflected different types of rural spatial value are the key dilemmas in the rural spatial governance, which need to be addressed. (3) The multi-scale rural spatial governance framework of "comprehensive spatial governance-spatial zoning governance-spatial mobile governance" could effectively solve the problems of urban-rural spatial integration, regional spatial coordination and spatial network blockage. (4) Integrating urban-rural comprehensive governance, innovating regulation control to improve regional governance and balancing the configuration of spatial development right to achieve mobile spatial governance are feasible paths for multi-scale rural space governance. In conclusion, clarifying the multi-scale rural spatial characteristics in the new era and constructing a scientific governance system could provide theoretical support to promote integrated urban-rural development and rural vitalization strategy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement and spatio-temporal pattern of urban-rural integrated development in China ZHENG Yuhan, LONG Hualou Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (8): 1869-1887.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202308002 Abstract （646）   HTML （135）    PDF （7275KB）（510）       Knowledge map    Urban-rural integrated development is an advanced stage in the evolution of the urban-rural relationship, and it is also the basic path and main goal for the implementation of rural revitalization. Scientifically understanding and identifying the integration stage and its current level of urban-rural development in China is the prerequisite basis for promoting urban-rural integrated development and rural revitalization. Based on the concept connotation, this paper constructed a multi-dimensional evaluation system of urban-rural integrated development at the prefecture level. The process status and spatiotemporal divergent characteristics of urban-rural integrated development in 336 prefecture-level regions in China from 2000-2018 were portrayed and revealed. The results show that: (1) The current state of urban-rural integrated development in China is generally at a low-to-middle level, showing a heterogeneous spatiotemporal pattern with apparent gradient divergence. The integrated development level of the Pearl River Delta, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and the Shandong Peninsula is high, but the regions distributed to the west of the "Hu Line" develops slowly. (2) According to the level and characteristics of integrated development, the 366 prefecture-level regions can be divided into four types: integrated development, tending integration, imbalanced development, and lagging development, with a more active transformation between the latter three types. (3) The development level of urban-rural economic integration is higher than that of demographic and social integration, while the development process of urban-rural spatial and ecological integration shows some natural zonal divergent characteristics. Finally, we identified the problem areas for different types of integrated development and explored the regional promotion path of urban-rural integrated development, which could provide scientific references for the strategies of regional urban-rural development and rural revitalization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of the industrial structure of central cities on surrounding cities and regional urban systems LI Jiaming, SUN Dongqi, JIANG Yanpeng Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (8): 1955-1968.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202308007 Abstract （503）   HTML （106）    PDF （1605KB）（347）       Knowledge map    The study of the new economic geography has paid attention to the polarization and balanced development of urban systems. In reality, however, transport accessibility is subject to great uncertainty in explaining the polarization and balance of the urban system. In fact, the polarization or equilibrium of the regional urban system is not only unique in China, but also a general phenomenon in countries with different development outcomes, political systems and degrees of marketization. From the perspective of industrial heterogeneity, this study empirically analyzes the process and mechanism of the industrial structure of regional central cities on the population growth of neighboring cities in China from 1980 to 2020, and examines the influence of industrial structure on the polarization and equilibrium development of the regional urban system. The results show that, firstly, the manufacturing sector strengthens the spillover effect from the core city and promotes the population growth in neighboring cities, while the service sector weakens the spillover effect and hinders the growth in neighboring cities. Secondly, the manufacturing-oriented cities have relatively small city scale, while the service-oriented cities are relatively large. Therefore, the driving effect of manufacturing-oriented central cities on the neighboring cities is larger, which tends to produce a relatively balanced regional city system. Correspondently, the spillover effect of service-oriented central cities on the neighboring cities is smaller, which tends to form a relatively polarized regional city system. Finally, as the share of services in the industrial structure of central cities continues to rise, China's urban system may become more polarized rather than balanced. Certainly, the higher the proportion of manufacturing in the central city, the more balanced the regional urban system is. In fact, the empirical results show that the industrial structure and the spillover effect of the core city have an inverted U-shaped relationship, i.e. a high proportion of manufacturing or services weakens the driving effect of the core city on surrounding cities. The reasons for this vary. The high proportion of manufacturing and the small size of the central city have a limited spillover effect on the neighboring cities and therefore can hardly drive their growth; while the high proportion of service industry and the negative effect of the service industry on the spillover effect lead to the slow development of the neighboring small-and-medium-sized cities. It is worth noting that because of the significant spatial impact of industry on the urban system, the future regional urbanization strategy should be coordinated with the industrial strategy. More importantly, with the gradual liberalization of the household registration system, industry selection can become an effective policy option for macro-control of the regional urban system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal differentiation and influencing factors of China's urbanization from 2010 to 2020 LI Ruzi, HUANG Xiaoling, LIU Yaobin Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (4): 777-791.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202304001 Abstract （3584）   HTML （899）    PDF （4458KB）（2583）       Knowledge map    As China's urbanization has entered the middle and later stage and the improvement of well-being of residents has become a core goal, the transformation from "top-down" system goals optimization on the supply side to "bottom-up" multi-dimensional goals coordination on the demand side has become a new perspective to understand the connotation of urbanization. Based on the perspective of the human living conditions, the humanities environment, and human-city relationship, this paper constructs a connotation framework and index system of urbanization. Furthermore, Theil index is employed to analyze the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of China's urbanization before and after the implementation of the new-type urbanization strategy. Finally, in terms of both direct and indirect effect mechanisms, the mechanism framework of urbanization differentiation is constructed, and its evolution pattern is revealed by using Variance Decomposition and Geodetector. The results show that: since the implementation of the new-type urbanization strategy in 2014, China's urbanization has made remarkable achievements, with a steady improvement in human living conditions and human-city relationship, and there is still much room for improvement in the humanities environment. The high-level areas of urbanization are mainly distributed in coastal areas, and expanding to inland areas along the Yangtze River Basin and Yellow River Basin. The regional differences of urbanization gradually decrease, but the contribution rate of inner-regional differences shows an expanding trend. Differences in human living conditions and human-city relationship are the main factors of urbanization differentiation, but the contribution of differences in humanities environment is gradually expanding after 2014. Opening up and scientific & technological innovation are the main influencing factors of the difference in human living conditions. With the implementation of the new-type urbanization strategy, the impact on differences in humanities environment of the government finance gradually diminishes. Resource endowments have a relatively strong influence on differences in human-city relationship. This study can provide theoretical and empirical support for promoting the development of urbanization in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement methods and spatio-temporal characteristics of urban-rural factor flow in China ZHANG Yikun, WANG Yongsheng Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (8): 1888-1903.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202308003 Abstract （346）   HTML （66）    PDF （3780KB）（271）       Knowledge map    The rational flow of urban-rural factors is conducive to optimize the urban-rural relationship and promote rural revitalization and urban-rural integrated development. Based on the theory of social reproduction, this study defined the connotation and flow types of urban-rural factors, proposed the measurement method of urban-rural factor flow, and quantitatively analyzed the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of urban-rural factor flow in China. The results showed that urban-rural factor flow referring to the changes of factors affecting urban and rural development can be divided into three types of internal flow, mutual flow, and inter-regional flow. Significant spatial differences and a gradual increase of flow intensity existed in the mutual flow of population, capital, technology, and agricultural products between urban and rural China, while great spatial differences were found in the inter-regional flow of population, capital, technology, and agricultural products without conspicuously increased flow intensity. The intensity and structure of urban-rural factor flow were comprehensively affected by adjusting the scale and structure of social reproduction under the regulation of natural resource endowment and human regulation. The free two-way flow between urban and rural areas can be realized from the aspects of selecting reasonable human intervention means and optimizing the allocation of factors in the social reproduction process, according to regional factor endowment differences and factor flow characteristics at different scales. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Geodetector: Principle and prospective Jinfeng WANG, Chengdong XU Acta Geographica Sinica    2017, 72 (1): 116-134.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201701010 Abstract （17533）   HTML （890）    PDF （5884KB）（13876）       Knowledge map    Spatial stratified heterogeneity is the spatial expression of natural and socio-economic process, which is an important approach for human to recognize nature since Aristotle. Geodetector is a new statistical method to detect spatial stratified heterogeneity and reveal the driving factors behind it. This method with no linear hypothesis has elegant form and definite physical meaning. Here is the basic idea behind Geodetector: assuming that the study area is divided into several subareas. The study area is characterized by spatial stratified heterogeneity if the sum of the variance of subareas is less than the regional total variance; and if the spatial distribution of the two variables tends to be consistent, there is statistical correlation between them. Q-statistic in Geodetector has already been applied in many fields of natural and social sciences which can be used to measure spatial stratified heterogeneity, detect explanatory factors and analyze the interactive relationship between variables. In this paper, the authors will illustrate the principle of Geodetector and summarize the characteristics and applications in order to facilitate the using of Geodetector and help readers to recognize, mine and utilize spatial stratified heterogeneity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(53) CSCD(342)

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The impacts of urban population agglomeration and human mobility on economic performance LEI Weiqian, JIAO Limin Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (8): 1969-1982.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202308008 Abstract （362）   HTML （61）    PDF （1935KB）（245）       Knowledge map    As a product of certain type of social interaction, urban scaling laws assume that urban attributes such as urban economic outputs are largely determined by urban population size (internal interactions), implying the assumption of agglomeration economies. Urban population agglomeration represents a local network effect, while the global network effect on a larger spatial scale between cities should also be considered in terms of the improvement of social productivity. Taking 275 Chinese cities at prefecture level and above as the research object, we constructed an urban human mobility network by Baidu migration data and portraied the degree of external interaction by human mobility between cities. We comparatively analysed the non-linear relationship between population size within cities and external interaction and urban economic outputs under the urban scaling framework. Results show that there is a significant super-linear scaling relationship between urban economic output and external interaction, revealing the higher multiplier effect of external interaction on urban economic outputs. The role of network spatial interaction cannot be ignored and it has become an important complement to agglomeration economies. Further, indicators such as urban population density, agglomeration and network externalities are introduced to quantitatively and comprehensively measure the effects of urban population agglomeration and interurban population mobility and their synergistic effects on urban economic outputs. The agglomeration effect brought about by urban population size remains the main driver of regional economic development, and the ability of cities to benefit from exchange and cooperation on a larger spatial scale has yet to be enhanced. This study contributes to fully understanding the origins of urban scaling laws from taking both internal and external interaction into consideration, deepening the recognization of the agglomeration effect and network effect of regional economic growth. This paper is supposed to support for promoting high-quality integrated urban development and deepening the practice of coordinated regional development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Green water in China: Geological structure and its significance WANG Guangqian, ZHANG Yu, XIE Di, ZHONG Deyu Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (7): 1641-1658.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202307006 Abstract （275）   HTML （40）    PDF （4432KB）（369）       Knowledge map    Terrestrial recycling of green water, which is created through a continuous cycle of evapotranspiration, atmospheric transport, and terrestrial precipitation, serves as bridges connecting hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. Limited knowledge of terrestrial recycling may underestimate the impact of human activities on water and ecology. This study focuses on the structure of China's green water recycling (CGWR) and quantifies the contributions of natural and human ecosystems. Results indicate a high green water recycling ratio (50.4%) and a large recycled amount (2.75 trillion m3/a) over China, with significant south-to-north transport structures over eastern China, southwest-to-northeast transport structures from southwestern China to northern China, and high self-recycling structures in western China. The grassland-dominated Qinghai-Tibet Plateau provides the largest amount of green water (about 800 billion m3/a) and serves as the most critical region for CGWR. The forest-dominated southern hilly region and Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan region play a crucial role in supplying green water to a wide area of China. The cropland-dominated Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain and the grassland-dominated Loess Plateau are the key hubs for south-to-north and southwest-to-northeast transport of green water. The structure of CGWR is driven by large-scale geosystems such as ecosystems and atmospheric circulation systems, and has strategic implications in the following three aspects. First, CGWR serves as the "domestic cycle" of water, based on which a general domestic-level water governance framework can be established. Second, CGWR is a representative picture of the water-related processes in the Mountain-River-Forest-Farmland-Lake-Grassland-Desert (MRFFLGD) system and serves as a critical pivot to actualize the conservation and improvement of the MRFFLGD system. Finally, CGWR, together with inter-basin water resources transfer and virtual water transfer, forms a complete picture of China's inter-basin water transfer. The scientific coordination and integration of the three processes present a new approach for achieving spatial equilibrium between China's water resources and economic development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution of urban functional space in Beijing: Modes and aggregation laws XU Shan, YUAN Xinmiao, DENG Yu Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (8): 2092-2102.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202308015 Abstract （313）   HTML （58）    PDF （3804KB）（225）       Knowledge map    Beijing has transitioned from the growth stage to the spatial renewal and improvement stage. Specifically, the evolution of urban functional space is an important symbol and spatial carrier in the process of development and transformation. This paper analyses structural modes and aggregation laws of spatial evolution based on long-term functional datasets, aiming to provide decision-making support and criteria for scientific reconstruction and refined governance of urban functional spaces. It is found in this study that: (1) the main centre of urban functional evolution of Beijing is located in the core area and migrates eastwards; the sub-centres and outer suburban centres are further formed, showing an evolutionary trend that polarisation goes before stabilisation; (2) the differentiation characteristics of the functional spatial pattern are significant; (3) the evolution of functional space presents a structural mode of polarisation of service function centres, sequential spillover of industrial function, and differentiation of residential function circles; (4) the aggregation laws of functional evolution include the separation of work and residence as a spatial response to the capital's service-oriented single-centre structure, the equalisation of public services as an important support for upgrading the quality of urban residential space, and the industrial agglomeration and transition as a key path for iteration. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESEARCHES ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON TOURIST DEVELOPMENT Liu Xiaobing, Bao Jigang GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH    1996, 15 (4): 92-100.   DOI: 10.11821/yj1996040013 Abstract （1456）      PDF （696KB）（3182）       Knowledge map    Based on a lot of readings on the related litteratures aboard, the authors generalized the development of researches on the environmental impacts on tourist development in China and foreign countries in the following five aspects.1.Discussion on the concepts of tourist environment and the criteria for evaluating tourist environmental quality.Tourist environment is regarded as a complex concept, including natural environment, social environment, political and economical environment.Whether in foreign countries or in China, it is difficult to gain the universal standards for evaluating tourist environmental quality.2.The study on the tourist impact on environment, which mainly includes that on natural environment and that on social and cultural environment.The study of tourist impact on the environment elements, such as geology, soil, water quality, air, vegetation, wildlife,is the main method to study tourist impact on natural environment.On the other hand, tourist impact on social and cultural environment needs further study, especially in our country.3.The development of researches on tourist environment capacity.Because the conflict between tourist environment capacity and tourist development is becoming serious,many scholars come to discuss the concept of tourist environment capacity and try to calculate it by various models.Such study is more successful in our country than foreign countries.4.Measures taken on tourist environmental protection.Based on the principle of environment science and tourism science, the scholars concluded these useful measures for protecting tourist environment.5.Development of the researches on related subjects, such as ecology, psychology,etc..The paper also points out the research aspects that need further study in the hope of inspiring more studies on the same subject. Related Articles | Metrics

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Interprovincial urban and rural floating population evolution of China and its relationship with regional economic development KE Wenqian, XIAO Baoyu, LIN Liyue, ZHU Yu, WANG Yan Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (8): 2041-2057.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202308012 Abstract （292）   HTML （64）    PDF （3331KB）（233）       Knowledge map    There are important changes in urban-rural structure of population mobility at the late-intermediate stage of urbanization in China, which will have a significant impact on population redistribution, urbanization and regional development. This paper divides the interprovincial urban and rural floating population into four mobility types by using the 2010 and 2020 censuses data, and on the basis of identifying the mainstream types, their spatial patterns evolution and the relationship with regional economic development are investigated through the mobility ratio indexes and regression models. The study results can be summarized as follows. (1) The urban and rural floating population is large and grows rapidly. Meanwhile, rural-urban mobility keeps the dominant position, and urban-urban mobility rises rapidly, these two population mobility types have become the mainstream ones of interprovincial urban and rural floating population in China. (2) In terms of the net mobility pattern of urban-urban floating population, the net-inflow areas are further concentrated in the three major coastal centers of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong, and Liaoning, Xinjiang and Yunnan are also maintained at a certain net-inflow rate, but most of the provincial-level regions are in the net-outflow areas. The major changes of the net mobility pattern of urban-urban floating population have shaped a spatial connection network. The main features of this network can be described as three cross-regional flow circles of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta in coastal China. At the same time, the space connections within the regions are strengthening in northeast China, northwest China and southwest China. (3) The net mobility pattern of rural-urban floating population shows that in coastal areas, the net-inflow rate rises or decreases during the study period, while in inland areas, the increase in the net-inflow rate of Liaoning and Xinjiang leads to the decline in the net-outflow rate of their neighboring provinces. The changes of the net mobility pattern of rural-urban floating population depict the dual characteristics of continuous formation and different changes of the coastal flow circle, and the development of the inland flow circle in Xinjiang and Liaoning. (4) There is a mutual relationship between urban-urban and rural-urban population mobility and regional economic development. For regional economic development of both population mobility types, the impact is significantly positive and has been increasing. When we add the floating stock into the models, the positive effect of this variable has decreased in urban-urban mobility's model, while it still plays the first-place positive effect in rural-urban mobility's model. The two population mobility types have a positive effect on the national economic development and the inflow areas' economic development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sustainable Development of Ice and Snow Tourism—Theory & Empirical Studies: Preface TANG Chengcai, XU Shiyi Journal of Resources and Ecology    2022, 13 (4): 547-551.   DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.04.001 Abstract （297）   HTML （129）    PDF （370KB）（300）       Knowledge map    The Beijing Winter Olympics brought a historical miracle to the development of China’s ice and snow tourism. It is both an opportunity and a challenge to reap the extra dividends of the times and to develop China’s ice and snow tourism. By selecting 18 academic papers, this special issue deeply discusses the status quo and the future measures of ice and snow tourism in China from three aspects: ice and snow tourism development and management, the ice and snow tourism experience and its influencing factors, and ice and snow tourism impact assessment. Moreover, one part entitled “Tourism Culture and Ecotourism” has been set up to emphasize those cutting-edge research topics. It is worth mentioning that this issue is in-depth and has profound connotations. First of all, the research area ranges from national to regional to the city-level, including both longitudinal and horizontal research. In additon, the research methods are practical, innovative, and at the frontier of scientific research, and include industrial correlation analysis methods, kernel density, spatial autocorrelation and other geospatial analysis methods, content analysis methods, sentiment analysis methods, structural equation models, Delphi methods, spatial statistics methods, geographic detector method and many others. In general, this special issue combines qualitative research with quantitative research, provides a variety of theoretical perspectives such as perceived value theory, institutional evolution theory, etc., and builds various useful models like the pre-competition evaluation model for ice and snow tourism heritage, the consumption skill-travel radius decision-making influence model under the moderating effect of the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment, the evaluation model of the suitability of glacier tourism resource development, the model of the relationship between tourists’ experience value and loyalty in the context of ice and snow tourism, among others. These studies are expected to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the development of ice and snow tourism in the post-Winter Olympics era, and help ice and snow tourism develop in a sustainable and high-quality direction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY    1993, 12 (3): 16-20.   DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.1993.03.004 Abstract （2853）      PDF （464KB）（14464）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolutionary characteristics and zoning of ecosystem functional stability on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau WANG Qianxin, CAO Wei, HUANG Lin Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (5): 1104-1118.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202305004 Abstract （1140）   HTML （254）    PDF （6316KB）（791）       Knowledge map    As the third pole of earth, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important ecological security barrier in China and an ecologically sensitive area of global climate change. The increasing climate change has posed a major challenge to its ecosystem function and stability. This paper first analyzes the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the ecosystem pattern of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its key functions including water conservation, soil conservation, windbreak and sand fixation from 2000 to 2020, clarifies the regional differences in ecosystem functions and their importance, and further evaluates the stability of ecosystem functions. And there is no doubt that the stable state will lay a scientific foundation for the plateau to build an ecologically civilized highland and launch protection and restoration projects. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the wetland area of the study area increased and the grassland area decreased significantly. The water conservation and windbreak and sand fixation capacity were improved, and the annual change rates were 3.57 m3/(hm2·a) and 0.23 t/(hm2·a), respectively. However, the overall soil conservation showed a downward trend with an annual change rate of -0.16 t/(hm2·a). (2) The core areas of water conservation, soil conservation and windbreak and sand fixation accounted for 12.7%, 13.9% and 14.2%, respectively. The core water conservation barrier areas were mainly located in southeast Tibet, Sanjiangyuan and Ruoergai. The core windbreak and sand fixation areas were concentrated in the central and western parts of the plateau, and the core soil conservation areas surrounded the plateau. (3) From 2000 to 2020, the water conservation, soil conservation, and wind protection and sand-fixation functions have shown relatively high stability in the southeastern and central parts of the plateau, while relatively weak stability in the western part of the plateau. Combining stability assessment and ecological protection and restoration practices, we can divide the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into three major categories of 16 ecosystem function zones and carry out differentiated ecological protection and restoration for different core ecosystem functions and zones. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS TO THE STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY PRED SYSTEM--A Case Study of the 21 Cities in Guangdong Province    2002, 22 (3): 261-265.   Abstract （2019）      PDF （112KB）（2056）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(12)

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Regionalization of flash floods in China CHEN Yuehong, XU Congcong, ZHANG Xiaoxiang, ZHANG Ruojing, MA Qiang, LIU Changjun, REN Liliang, SHI Kaixin Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (5): 1059-1073.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202305001 Abstract （1574）   HTML （359）    PDF （4275KB）（1244）       Knowledge map    According to the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China, the number of casualties in flash flood disasters accounts for nearly 70% of flood disaster casualties in recent years and flash flood has become one of the major natural disasters causing casualties in China. Flash flood regionalization is fundamental for implementing the local measures of the flash flood prevention and mitigation according to local conditions. Using results from existing flash flood relevant physiographical regionalization schemes, and in accordance with the principles of comprehensive, dominant factors, the relative consistency within units, the relative difference between units, the integrity of spatial distribution and the hierarchical divisions, this paper firstly constructs an index system of the flash flood trigger factors and its underlying surface environment for the flash flood regionalization in China. In the combination of top-down and bottom-up regionalization, the hybrid self-organizing-map-based spatial clustering algorithm is then built. Finally, nine homogeneous regions at the first-grade and thirty-three subregions at the second-grade are delineated for flash floods in China. The historical flash flood events and the Geodetector method are adopted to evaluate the developed regionalization schemes. Results show that the first-grade and the second-grade flash flood regionalization schemes in China can respectively provide the determinant power of 66.4% and 75.4% for the spatial distribution of historical flash flood events in the whole country, indicating the developed flash flood regionalization has a good spatial consistency with the distribution of historical flash flood events with different densities. The developed flash flood regionalization not only effectively delineates the regional differentiation pattern of flash floods, but also provides a scientific basis for the implementation of localized flash flood prevention and mitigation measures in China, which benefits for the sound development of flash flood disasters prevention and management in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Theoretical debates and practical development of the "three rural issues" and rural revitalization in the New Era ZHOU Guo-hua, LONG Hua-lou, LIN Wan-long, QIAO Jia-jun, TAN Hua-yun, YANG Kai-zhong, YUE Wen-ze, YUN Wen-ju, HUANG Xian-jin, LU Han-wen, LI Xun JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES    2023, 38 (8): 1919-1940.   DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20230801 Abstract （288）   HTML （18）    PDF （878KB）（157）       Knowledge map    "Three rural issues" (issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) is an important mainline of the CPC's centennial course of party building and China's urban-rural development. In order to solve the "three rural issues" in the New Era and promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, we hereby invite ten experts in the research field of "three rural issues" and rural revitalization research to conduct interviews. The interview mainly focuses on three perspectives: Historical process and institutional context, urban-rural system and cross scale space, and the integration of policy theory, technical methods, and rural construction practice. It revolves three main lines: The strategic stage and institutional changes of "three rural issues", the essence of "three rural issues" and the ways to solve new "three rural issues", and the rural revitalization mechanism and rural construction practice. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The essence, key areas, and institutional mechanism innovation of the "three rural issues" in the context of spatio-temporal processes and institutional contexts. It is necessary to grasp the laws of "three rural" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) and diagnose the "three rural issues" from the perspective of urban and rural regional systems and even the global perspective space. The "three rural issues" is an optimization decision-making problem for improving the functions of rural regional systems within the overall framework of urban and rural regional systems. The imbalance in urban-rural development and insufficient rural development are the concentrated reflection of the "three rural issues" in the New Era. The crux of the "three rural issues" lies in the uncoordinated development of "human, land, and industry". The core goal of China's "three rural issues" in the new development stage is to move towards the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. The corresponding development system and working mechanism of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" need to grasp the two "bottom lines", do a good job in the two "connections", and promote the two "integrations" in key areas such as national food security, farmers' livelihood development, modern agriculture and rural development, rural revitalization, and urban-rural integration development. (2) The theory of rural revitalization and the rural spatial planning under the requirements of urban-rural system interaction and people's common prosperity. The research and solution of China's "three rural issues" are rooted in the geographical theory of territorial system theory of human-environment interaction and location theory, the sector economy theory and the economic cycle theory, as well as the theory of development economics, sociological function theory and social conflict theories. In the research practice of the "three rural issues", land use transformation theory, rural reconstruction theory, rural development multi-body and multi-pole theory, interface theory, rural attraction theory, and rural sustainability have also been developed. The urban-rural integrated development and the common prosperity of the people should be the result of balanced regional development and Chinese path to modernization. The folk expression of "making rural life attractive" and the strategic goal of "basically realizing rural modernization by 2035" are mutually "exterior-interior" relationship, which can be comprehensively explained from the following three aspects: The spatio-temporal differences and path differentiation of rural settlement evolution and multi-functional transformation, and the phenomenon explanation of rural gentrification and the theoretical application of rural attraction in the context of urban-rural interaction, as well as the theoretical significance and practical path of rural modernization under the guidance of rural sustainability science. Improving local quality is an inherent requirement to meet the people's needs for a better life, and it is an essential requirement and general law of rural revitalization driven by innovation. As the edge of the national urban-rural system, rural areas face constraints such as segmentation, remoteness, low density, and insufficient heterogeneity dividends in improving local quality. Therefore, to improve local quality of rural areas, it is necessary to adapt to and alleviate the relative inefficiency of rural geography, and its important promotion paths include the characteristic development based on endowment, digital transformation and rural agglomeration centered around cities and towns. Guided by spatial planning and taking into account the integrated functional development of production-living-ecological spaces in rural areas, as well as the integration of urban and rural space through spatial planning, through promoting the quality of living space through comprehensive land improvement, assisting in the realization of multifunctional value in agricultural space through refined management, ensuring the sustainable use of ecological space through systematic protection and restoration, which is a solid foundation for rural revitalization and the construction of a new urban-rural relationship. (3) The path mechanism and technical support for the comprehensive rural revitalization and rural construction under the new needs of ecological civilization construction and governance modernization. Comprehensive rural revitalization requires the revitalization of industries, the reform of land, the development of human well-being, and the intelligent updating of technology. First, the essence of operating rural areas is the rational allocation of resources as the object of factors. It is necessary to integrate the high-quality development of agriculture with the high-quality and livable rural areas, promote the interaction and integration of urban and rural systems, actively link natural science, engineering technology innovation, and institutional innovation from the perspective of the big food concept, and implement food safety and important agricultural product supply security. Second, facing the new demand of rural sustainable development and governance modernization, we should innovate the property right governance integration mechanism of rural land system, especially actively build a rural green development mechanism with farmers' participation and an external benefit sharing mechanism of ecological environment governance. Third, it is urgent to break through the barriers that farmers share the gains from the appreciation of rural assets, fill the gap between small farmers and modern agriculture, and establish a concept of county governance that meets the needs of Chinese path to modernization. Fourth, rural construction is an organic combination of the governance of public spaces by the state and the daily life practices of farmers. Through the theory and technology of "computational" rural areas, effective connection and information sharing between the state and rural areas can be achieved, promoting coordinated development from micro to macro, and from local to whole. And we should achieve the aim of building livable, suitable for work, and beautiful rural areas, through multi-level main body co-construction, co-governance, and management. To sum up, the interview views can provide theoretical reference and decision-making reference for the "three rural issues" work innovation and rural revitalization practice towards Chinese path to modernization. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial characteristics and location selection of global data center expansion LI Yuan, LIU Chengliang, MAO Weisheng, XIE Yongshun Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (8): 1936-1954.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202308006 Abstract （254）   HTML （46）    PDF （3762KB）（202）       Knowledge map    With the coming of digital economy era, the development and application of information technology revolution, such as 5G, cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, production and living of human are being deeply affected. The data center is an important new infrastructure that integrates data storage, analysis, processing and application. It is increasingly important in the global data value chain and plays a strong supporting role in the global digital development. In this context, it is of great significance to clarify the multi-spatial scale expansion laws and location selection mechanism of global data centers, and layout them scientifically and reasonably. This paper integrates spatial statistics, spatial analysis, and spatial measurement methods, and conducts empirical research on the spatio-temporal differentiation and influencing factors of global data center expansion from 2005 to 2020. The results show that: (1) The spatial expansion trend of the global data center is obvious, and the growth center and the economic center move eastward, forming three major growth cores in North America, Western Europe, and East Asia. From the perspective of city scale, city clusters and metropolitan areas are the main spatial carriers of expansion, while a few cities such as Beijing, Tokyo, and Shanghai are the central hubs. (2) The spatial expansion characteristics of the data centers can be divided into contact expansion mode, point growth mode and agglomeration growth mode. (3) The location selection of data center spatial expansion is jointly affected by market size, element supply, and operating environment. However, the measurement method and spatial scale factors in selecting a country or a city are not completely consistent. From the perspective of global scale, market size is the most important factor, and the influence of element supply and operating environment show different stage characteristics; city scale is significantly affected by market size, element supply, and security level. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Coupling and coordination analysis of node and place functions of urban high-speed railway stations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Wang Degen, Tang Juan, Zhu Mei, Xu Yinfeng SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA    2023, 43 (8): 1317-1328.   DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2023.08.001 Abstract （193）   HTML （27）    PDF （3103KB）（149）       Knowledge map    The development of station areas driven by the high-speed railway dividend is out of order. The coordinated development of nodes and places has become an important path to promote the orderly construction of high-speed railway station areas and to promote each other's development. Taking 37 urban high-speed railway stations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as examples, this paper constructs a coupling coordination degree and relative development degree model to identify the types of coupling development and spatial differentiation characteristics of high-speed railway station areas. It is found that: 1) The high-speed railway station in the Yangtze River Economic Belt can be divided into three types of coupling coordination development stages, including the running-in stage, the antagonism stage and the low-level coupling stage, exhibiting the characteristic of node lagging, place lagging and node place synchronization. 2) The types of coupling and coordination of node and place functions in the high-speed railway stations can be classified as low-coupling-node lagging, low-coupling-place lagging, antagonistic-node lagging, antagonistic-place lagging, running-in-node lagging, friction-synchronous development, and running-in-place lagging, representing low-level development, unsustainable, and to be optimized and upgraded. The spatial distribution shows significant inter-group variation in urban clusters, while cities in urban clusters are characterized by "converging centers and scattered nodes". Through this research, we can understand the current situation of functional coupling and coordination between node and place in the high-speed railway station area of the Yangtze River Economic Belt scientifically, and improve the fitness between the hub construction and function development. Besides, it can provide valuable references for promoting reasonable construction and sustainable development of the areas around the high-speed railway station. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of the Implementation Path of Urban Renewal from the Perspective of Interest Coordination: A Case Study on Guangzhou Urban Village Redevelopment Maoying Deng, Cefang Deng Tropical Geography    2021, 41 (4): 760-768.   DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003355 Abstract （877）   HTML （22）    PDF （1812KB）（895）       Knowledge map    During the processes of stock land redevelopment, appropriate profit allocation is key to promoting the implementation of urban renewal. Meanwhile, its intricate, multi-participant interest games tends to obstruct the progress of urban renewal programs. Many scholars have studied the various types of interest conflicts among different stakeholders, their game models, and cooperation patterns of urban renewal. However, studies on how to effectively coordinate the diverse demands of multiple stakeholders and solve the problems of profit allocation management derived from the land value increments in different urban renewal stages are insufficient. By reviewing the development of Guangzhou urban renewal policies and their impact on the profit allocation pattern in practices during the past decades, this study clarifies the intrinsic interrelationships among the interests of local governments, investors, and original owners in urban renewal, as they struggle to maximize their benefit. Using Guangzhou urban village redevelopment as an example, this study summarizes the interest concerns and difficulties in urban renewal implementation in terms of value orientation, identification of rights and interests, and management system. Simultaneously, it proposes an innovated urban renewal implementation path of interest coordination based on public priority, profit sharing, co-planning, and co-management. In the coming reserve planning era, to progress urban renewal programs, not only the financial balance but also other comprehensive impact factors should be well-considered. Further studies on multi-dimension and whole-process implementation path of urban renewal in the field of interest coordination could make the planning decisions and working scheme more feasible, which promote urban regeneration. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Water cycle research from the perspective of earth system's sphere feedback and geographic synthesis LIU Changming, LIU Xiaomang Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (7): 1593-1598.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202307001 Abstract （325）   HTML （67）    PDF （1292KB）（313）       Knowledge map    The earth is a system consisting of lithosphere, hydrosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere, and the water cycle process is the link between these spheres. Maintaining a healthy water cycle is key to achieving sustainable development. The water cycle is not an independent natural process, and solutions to water problems associated with the water cycle typically involve all spheres of the earth system and all aspects of the economy and society. In this study, we discuss the water cycle research from the perspective of the earth system, taking the three topics of forest-water relationship, water cycle change prediction, and comprehensive water cycle research as examples, for the reference of water science colleagues. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hydrological mechanism and disaster-causing effects of subsurface stormflow CUI Peng, ZHANG Guotao, ZHANG Chendi Acta Geographica Sinica    2023, 78 (7): 1627-1640.   DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202307005 Abstract （243）   HTML （39）    PDF （3723KB）（276）       Knowledge map    Subsurface stormflow is a special form of subsurface flow in the vadose zone of steep slopes in mountainous and hilly regions, and it is also one of the most important runoff generation mechanisms in the process of flash flood formation. However, the systematic summary on the scientific connotation, mechanisms, and disaster-causing characteristics of the subsurface stormflow in current research is very rare and this limits the development of the theoretical system of runoff generation, routing, and modeling methods of flash floods. Herein, we clarify the scientific connotation and definition of subsurface stormflow based on the division of the development periods of the subsurface stormflow research around the world as well as the analysis of physical processes for the runoff generation. Meanwhile, three physical conditions for the occurrence of subsurface stormflow, together with their influences on the nonlinear response process, are highlighted. The influences of the subsurface stormflow on the dynamic development of flash floods, landslides, and debris flow hazards are analyzed and summarized. Finally, three key research directions are proposed: water transport processes and hydrological connectivity mechanism of the macropores in the vadose zone, processes and mechanisms of water exchange at the geotechnical channel interfaces inside the slopes, and the formation mechanism for flash flood from multiple runoff generation processes with complex slope topography conditions. This work can provide new research perspectives for the formation mechanism and hydrological theoretical framework of flash floods in complex mountainous regions, and better support the national scientific and technological needs for flash flood forecast as well as disaster prevention and mitigation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics