基于Sentinel-2A/B数据构建水体指数的波段优选
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夏兴生(1989-),男,博士,副教授,主要从事地理信息与遥感技术的教学与应用研究。Email: xxs@qhnu.edu.cn。 |
Copy editor: 陈昊旻
收稿日期: 2024-10-18
修回日期: 2025-06-19
网络出版日期: 2026-06-03
基金资助
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“时空连续(2003-2022)的中国参考作物需水量(ET0)估算方法研究”(42201027)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究“土地利用变化及其环境效应”(2019QZKK0603)
Band selection optimization for constructing water indices based on Sentinel-2A/B data
Received date: 2024-10-18
Revised date: 2025-06-19
Online published: 2026-06-03
水体指数法因其简单高效,被广泛应用于监测识别地表水及其特征时空变化。随着较窄波段的多光谱传感器的发展,在各尺度水体监测中得到了广泛应用,但在大尺度水体监测中仍然存在水体指数在数据源发生变化时相近特征波段优选的问题。该文以归一化差值水体指数(normalized difference water index, NDWI )和改进的归一化差异水体指数(modified NDWI, MNDWI)为指导,基于谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine,GEE)平台,利用基于Sentienl-2A/B多光谱传感器数据的绿波段和8个红波段构建水体指数,并应用大津算法(OSTU)对我国不同时间和空间范围内6个90 km×90 km研究样方进行水体识别提取。结果表明,在不同时间和空间范围内水体提取最优波段组合不同,对比以Sentienl-2A/B多光谱传感器数据构建的8个水体指数,B3和B11波段组合构建的水体指数结合OSTU算法在东北平原山区湖区、东部平原地区湖区、内蒙古高原湖区、云贵高原湖区、新疆地区湖区以及青藏高原湖区夏季都取得了相对最优的水体识别提取结果,且在春夏两季的总体精度(overall accuracy,OA)均高于90%,Kappa系数均大于0.9,说明B3和B11波段组合的水体指数也存在一定跨时间的适用性。该研究结果对于以水体提取监测为目标的传感器设计研发具有一定的参考,同时为基于较窄波段遥感数据水体监测提取应用的特征波段选择提供了参考。
关键词: Sentinel-2A/B; 水体指数; 水体提取; 波段优选; GEE
夏兴生 , 雷博洋 , 窦春娟 , 陈琼 , 潘耀忠 . 基于Sentinel-2A/B数据构建水体指数的波段优选[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2025 , 37(6) : 64 -76 . DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2024342
The simple and efficient water index method has been widely used to monitor and identify surface water along with its spatiotemporal variations. However, with the application of narrow-band multispectral sensors, this method faces a challenge in selecting optimal bands with similar features when the data source changes during large-scale water monitoring. Guided by the normalized difference water index (NDWI) and the modified NDWI (MNDWI), and based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this study constructed water indices using the green bands and eight red bands from the Sentienl-2A/B multispectral sensor data. Employing Otsu's method, this study identified and extracted water bodies in six quadrats measuring 90 km × 90 km across different temporal and spatial ranges in China. The results indicate that the optimal band combination for water body extraction varied across different times and locations. Compared to the eight water indices constructed from the Sentienl-2A/B multispectral sensor data, the water index based on the combination of B3 and B11 bands, combined with Otsu's method, achieved optimal water identification and extraction results. These results were observed in summer in the lake regions of the Northeast China Plain and mountains, the eastern plains, the Inner Mongolian Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Xinjiang, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In both spring and summer, the water index based on the combination of B3 and B11 bands exhibited an overall accuracy (OA) exceeding 90% and a Kappa coefficient above 0.9, indicating its applicability across different time periods. Overall, the results of this study provide a reference for the design and development of sensors targeting water extraction and monitoring, and for feature band selection in water monitoring and extraction applications based on narrow-band remote sensing data.
表1 Sentinel-2A/B卫星多光谱数据参数Tab.1 Sentinel-2A/B satellite multispectral data parameters |
| 波段 | 中心波长/nm | 光谱带 宽/nm | 空间分 辨率/m |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bl(Coastal aerosol) | 443.9/442.3 | 27/45 | 60 |
| B2(Blue) | 496.6/492.1 | 98/98 | 10 |
| B3(Green) | 560/559 | 45/46 | 10 |
| B4(Red) | 664.5/665 | 38/39 | 10 |
| B5(Vegetation Red Edge) | 703.9/703.8 | 19/20 | 20 |
| B6(Vegetation Red Edge) | 740.2/739.1 | 18/18 | 20 |
| B7(Vegetation Red Edge) | 782.5/779.7 | 28/28 | 20 |
| B8(NIR) | 835.1/833 | 145/133 | 10 |
| B8A(Narrow NIR) | 864.8/864 | 33/32 | 20 |
| B9(Water Vapour) | 945/943.2 | 26/27 | 60 |
| B10(SWIR-Cirrus) | 1 373.5/1 376.9 | 75/76 | 60 |
| B11(SWIR) | 1 613.7/1 610.4 | 143/141 | 20 |
| B12(SWIR) | 2 202.4/2 185.7 | 242/238 | 20 |
表2 光谱特征分析Tab.2 Spectral feature analysis |
| 样方 | 春 | 夏 | 秋 | 冬 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ![]() | |||
| 2 | ![]() | |||
| 3 | ![]() | |||
| 4 | ![]() | |||
| 5 | ![]() | |||
| 6 | ![]() | |||
表4 东北平原山区湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.4 Water extraction results from the sample area of lake district in the Northeast Plain mountainous region |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方1 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
表5 东部平原地区湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.5 Water extraction results from the lake sample area in the Eastern Plain region |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方2 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
表6 内蒙古高原湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.6 Water extraction results of sample area in lake area of the Inner Mongolian plateau |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方3 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
表7 云贵高原地区湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.7 Water extraction results of lake sample area in the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
表8 新疆地区湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.8 Water extraction results from lake sample areas in Xinjiang region |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
表9 青藏高原地区湖区样方水体提取结果Tab.9 Water extraction results from lake sample areas in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau region |
| 类别 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样方6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B4 | ![]() | |||
| B3B5 | ![]() | |||
| B3B6 | ![]() | |||
| B3B7 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8 | ![]() | |||
| B3B8A | ![]() | |||
| B3B11 | ![]() | |||
| B3B12 | ![]() | |||
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