世界气象组织数据共享体系分析
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刘昱甫(1996-),男,博士研究生,主要从事地球信息科学研究。Email: liuyufu18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn。 |
Copy editor: 张仙
收稿日期: 2022-10-18
修回日期: 2024-04-03
网络出版日期: 2026-06-03
基金资助
国家重点研发计划项目“面向开放科学的国际地球观测系统互操作体系研究与示范”(2019YFE0126400)
Meteorological data-sharing system of the World Meteorological Organization
Received date: 2022-10-18
Revised date: 2024-04-03
Online published: 2026-06-03
经过70余年的发展,世界气象组织(World Meteorological Organization,WMO)已构建起一个覆盖193个成员国的全球数据共享网络。该文从系统架构组成与管理规范标准2个维度系统分析WMO气象数据共享体系,重点阐述全球观测系统(global observing system, GOS)、全球电信系统(global telecommunication system,GTS)、WMO信息系统(WMO information system, WIS)以及全球数据处理和预报系统(global data-processing and forecasting system, GDPFS)4大核心组成部分的功能与协同机制。其中,GOS统筹陆地、海洋、飞机、卫星等多平台观测资源; GTS实现数据的实时收集与高效分发; WIS负责数据与产品的发现、获取与管理; GDPFS则面向用户提供多类型气候预报产品。通过制定统一的数据政策并构建完善的数据共享体系,WMO实现了在天气、气候、水文、大气成分、冰冻圈、海洋等多领域地球系统科学数据的全球协同共享。文章系统总结了WMO共享系统的建设成效,并探讨其在服务我国相关数据战略方面的具体需求,研究结果可为构建跨部门、综合性的地球观测数据共享体系提供参考。
刘昱甫 , 白玉琪 . 世界气象组织数据共享体系分析[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2025 , 37(6) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2022388
Through over 70 years of development, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has established a global data-sharing network that covers 193 members. This study analyzed the WMO’s meteorological data-sharing system from two aspects: system architecture and composition, and management norms and standards. The meteorological data-sharing system comprises the global observing system (GOS), the global telecommunication system (GTS), the WMO information system (WIS), and the global data-processing and forecasting system (GDPFS). Specifically, the GOS coordinates and schedules observational facilities from land and marine stations, aircraft, environmental satellites, and other platforms. The GTS manages the real-time collection and distribution of meteorological information. The WIS is responsible for discovering, accessing, and managing data and products. The GDPFS provides various climate forecasting data to users. By formulating a unified data policy and establishing this meteorological data-sharing system, the WMO has enabled the global sharing of Earth system science data in multiple fields, such as weather, climate, hydrology, atmospheric composition, cryosphere, and oceans. This study summarizes the achievements of WMO’s meteorological data-sharing system and its alignment with China’s relevant data strategy requirements. It assists in enhancing the understanding of international meteorological data-sharing activities and facilitating the construction of a similar multi-departmental comprehensive Earth observation data-sharing system in China.
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