长江经济带湖北段废弃露天矿山生态修复遥感动态监测和生态修复效果评价
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孙娅琴(1991-),女,工程师,主要从事矿山遥感监测、遥感地质方面的研究。Email: 763847773@qq.com。 |
Office editor: 李瑜
收稿日期: 2023-12-26
修回日期: 2024-07-23
网络出版日期: 2026-06-03
基金资助
中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心青年创新基金课题“基于多源遥感数据的矿山环境污染监测方法研究”(2023YFL30)
中国地质调查项目“全国矿山开发及重点地区生态空间监测评估”(DD20230100)
Remote sensing-based dynamic monitoring and ecological restoration effect assessment of abandoned open-pit mines in the Yangtze River economic belt within Hubei Province
Received date: 2023-12-26
Revised date: 2024-07-23
Online published: 2026-06-03
孙娅琴 , 邸宝刚 , 邢宇 , 安娜 , 张仙 . 长江经济带湖北段废弃露天矿山生态修复遥感动态监测和生态修复效果评价[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2025 , 37(3) : 32 -44 . DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2023401
The Yangtze River economic belt (YREB), spanning the east, middle, and west regions of China, serves as a pioneering demonstration belt for the construction of ecological civilization. Hubei Province, a member of the YREB, holds abundant mineral resources. Its long-term exploitation of mineral resources has caused ecosystem damage and social stability disruption, necessitating ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines. However, few studies concern the systematic tracking, monitoring, and analysis of the ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines in the YREB within Hubei Province. Based on the remote sensing data from the domestic high-resolution satellite from 2017 to 2022, and utilizing human-computer interaction interpretation, this study monitored the distributions and ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines within 10 km on both sides of the mainstems and major tributaries (Hanjiang River and Qingjiang River) in the YREB within Hubei Province. The results indicate that by the end of 2017, 537 patches of abandoned open-pit mines had been identified in the study area, involving 283 mines with a total area of 2 225.19 hm2. The monitoring results of dynamic changes from 2018 to 2022 show that the ecological restoration and treatment area of abandoned open-pit mines increased from 291.01 hm2 in 2018 to 1 741.19 hm2 in 2022, manifesting a continuously rising treatment rate, suggesting overall improved ecological restoration and treatment results. Using the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) values from 2017 to 2022, this study assessed the ecological restoration effects of abandoned open-pit mines. The assessment results reveal that the average RSEI value for the patches increased from 0.397 7 in 2017 to 0.423 9 in 2022, with a growth rate of 6.59 %, suggesting significantly improved ecological conditions and restoration effects. Overall, the monitoring and assessment results of the dynamic changes in ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area provide valuable data and methodological insights for monitoring abandoned open-pit mines in Hubei Province and other regions in China, highlighting the significance of this study.
表1 各年度国产高分辨率遥感影像统计表Tab.1 Remote sensing data used for each year |
| 时相 | 影像类型 | 空间分 辨率/m | 用途 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017年7—11月 | GF-1/GF-2/ZY-3 | 0.8~2.0 | 本底调查 |
| 2018年7—11月 | GF-1/GF-2/GF-6/ZY-3 | 0.8~2.0 | 变化调查 |
| 2019年7—11月 | GF-1/GF-2/GF-6/ZY-3 | 0.8~2.0 | 变化调查 |
| 2020年7—11月 | GF-1/GF-2/ZY-3/BJ-2 | 0.8~2.0 | 变化调查 |
| 2021年7—11月 | GF-1/GF-2/ZY-1/ GF-7/BJ-2 | 0.65~2.0 | 变化调查 |
| 2022年7—11月 | GF-1/GF-2/GF-6/BJ-2 | 0.8~2.0 | 变化调查 |
图4 研究区废弃露天矿山分布图Fig.4 Distribution map of abandoned open-pit mine in the study area |
表2 研究区废弃露天矿山分布情况统计表Tab.2 Statistics on the distribution of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area |
| 市级行政区 | 矿山数量/座 | 图斑数量/处 | 图斑面积/hm2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 武汉市 | 10 | 17 | 100.76 |
| 黄石市 | 59 | 159 | 838.17 |
| 十堰市 | 2 | 2 | 3.78 |
| 宜昌市 | 34 | 55 | 175.26 |
| 襄阳市 | 10 | 30 | 95.96 |
| 鄂州市 | 9 | 21 | 43.52 |
| 荆门市 | 23 | 44 | 122.82 |
| 孝感市 | 18 | 41 | 154.10 |
| 荆州市 | 9 | 15 | 38.23 |
| 黄冈市 | 21 | 41 | 241.47 |
| 咸宁市 | 5 | 16 | 64.75 |
| 恩施土家族 苗族自治州 | 71 | 78 | 265.88 |
| 仙桃市 | 4 | 5 | 12.08 |
| 潜江市 | 4 | 7 | 33.15 |
| 天门市 | 4 | 6 | 35.26 |
| 总计 | 283 | 537 | 2 225.19 |
表3 研究区废弃露天矿山开发占地面积统计Tab.3 Area statistics of land occupation types of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area(hm2) |
| 地级市 | 采场 | 中转 场地 | 固体 废弃物 | 矿山 建筑 | 小计 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 武汉市 | 71.28 | 22.78 | 6.70 | — | 100.76 |
| 黄石市 | 441.72 | 284.13 | 91.14 | 21.18 | 838.17 |
| 十堰市 | 3.78 | — | — | — | 3.78 |
| 宜昌市 | 130.55 | 44.18 | 0.53 | — | 175.26 |
| 襄阳市 | 88.66 | 7.30 | — | — | 95.96 |
| 鄂州市 | 29.70 | 11.59 | 2.23 | — | 43.52 |
| 荆门市 | 92.09 | 26.67 | 2.98 | 1.08 | 122.82 |
| 孝感市 | 104.61 | 44.38 | 5.11 | — | 154.10 |
| 荆州市 | 21.25 | 16.98 | — | — | 38.23 |
| 黄冈市 | 207.45 | 33.17 | 0.85 | — | 241.47 |
| 咸宁市 | 45.25 | 14.52 | 4.20 | 0.78 | 64.75 |
| 恩施土家族 苗族自治州 | 248.07 | 17.81 | — | — | 265.88 |
| 仙桃市 | 1.37 | 10.71 | — | — | 12.08 |
| 潜江市 | 7.98 | 25.17 | — | — | 33.15 |
| 天门市 | 10.27 | 24.99 | — | — | 35.26 |
| 总计 | 1 504.03 | 584.38 | 113.74 | 23.04 | 2 225.19 |
图5 研究区2018—2022年废弃露天矿山生态修复治理情况遥感监测图Fig.5 Remote sensing monitoring map of ecological restoration and treatment of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area, 2018—2022 |
图6 研究区2018—2022年废弃露天矿山生态修复治理面积和治理率统计Fig.6 Area and rate of ecological restoration and treatment of abandoned open-pit mines in the study area, 2018—2022 |
图8 研究区2018—2022年废弃露天矿山开发占地类型生态修复治理面积统计图Fig.8 Area statistical of land occupation types of ecological restoration and treatment of abandoned open-pit mine in the study area, 2018—2022 |
图11 研究区各地级市(州)2018—2022年废弃露天矿山生态修复治理面积统计Fig.11 Area statistics of ecological restoration and treatment of abandoned open-pit mines in each prefecture-level city (state) in the study area, 2018—2022 |
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