微生物是沙漠生态系统的重要组成部分，对生态系统功能和稳定性具有重要意义，目前中国对沙漠微生物的研究基本覆盖了主要的荒漠区。本文基于中国沙区已有研究成果对微生物学研究方法的进展、沙漠微生物群落组成及多样性变化规律、沙漠微生物群落分布特征及影响因子、沙漠微生物群落功能多样性和微生物资源等进行了总结，以期为沙区微生物资源开发利用提供重要依据。

Microorganisms are an important part of the desert ecosystem and are of great significance to the function and stability of the ecosystem. The current research on desert microorganisms in our country basically covers the main desert areas. This paper summarizes the progress of microbiology research methods， the composition and diversity of desert microbial communities， the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of desert microbial communities， functional diversity of desert microbial communities， and microbial resources based on the existing research results of sandy areas in our country. It is expected to provide an important basis for the development and utilization of microbial resources in sandy areas.