自乌玛高速公路（G1816）腾格里沙漠路段通车以来，其风沙防护体系有效地保障了公路的安全运营。但某些沙害比较严重路段，大风季节偶有路面积沙现象。定量评估防护体系防风固沙效应对完善高等级公路风沙防护体系具有重要意义。基于野外地形测量和风况分析对两个典型断面的风沙活动进行研究。结果表明：防风固沙措施配置单一（仅配置草方格沙障）的断面K357防护体系内发生风蚀和积沙的区域较大，而配置措施较全的断面K358防护体系内发生风蚀和积沙的区域较小。断面K357草方格沙障带起沙风平均风速、起沙风频率比上风向流动沙丘区显著降低，输沙势比流动沙丘区减小了36.4%，合成输沙势减小了20.7%。此外，在断面K357上风向靠近路基砾石覆盖带已形成3个长度40.2~46.3 m的横向沙丘，观测时段内3个沙丘的高度增加了0.12~0.23 m，沙丘脊线沿西北-东南方向移动了2.13~2.48 m，移动方向和合成输沙势的方向一致。而断面K358由于上风向光伏电厂的建设造成流动沙丘区风速减小，其流动沙丘观测点的起沙风频率仅为5.73%，至草方格沙障带流场恢复，起沙风频率增加到21.78%，可见上风向光伏电厂的建立对高速公路防护体系和公路安全运营有积极影响。总之，乌玛高速公路腾格里沙漠段局部路段防护体系内风沙灾害严重，新形成的沙丘向公路移动对公路安全运营造成威胁，对沙害严重路段防护体系进行进一步完善迫在眉睫。

Since the Tengger Desert section of Wuhai-Maqen Expressway （G1816） was built， the wind-sand protection system has effectively ensured the safe operation. However， the sand damage in some sections is serious， and sand occasionally covered the road during windy season. Therefore， it has great significance to quantitatively evaluate the effect of protection system on windstorm and sand fixation. In this paper， the wind-sand activity of two typical sections is observed based on UAV topographic survey and wind condition analysis. The results show that area of wind erosion and sand accumulation in Section K357 protection system of single straw checkerboard barriers is large， while the area in section K358 of more measures to windbreak and sand fixation is smaller. The average wind speed and frequency of sand driving wind in straw checkerboard in section K357 are significantly lower than that of the moving dune area in the upwind direction. While the sediment transport potential in section K357 is lower 36.4% than in moving dune area and the resultant sediment transport potential is lower by 20.7%. In addition， three transverse dunes ranging from 40.2-46.3 m have been formed in the gravel covered area next to roadbed in section K357. During the observation period， the height of dunes increased by 0.12-0.23 m， and the highest ridge line of the dunes moved by 2.13-2.48 m along the northwest to southeast direction， respectively. The direction of dune movement are consistent with the direction of resultant sediment transport potential. However， due to photovoltaic power plant construction in the upwind in section K358， the wind speed in the mobile dune area decreases significantly， and the frequency of sand driving wind at mobile dune is only 5.73%， when the flow field in straw checkerboard barriers area recovers， the frequency of sand driving wind increases to 21.78%. The result showed that establishment of photovoltaic power plant has a positive impact on the highway protection system and highway safety operation. In a word， the wind and sand activities are serious in Wuhai-Maqen Highway in Tengger Desert. Secondary sand damage brings a threat to highway safety operation. It is urgent to further improve the protection system in typical sand-damaged road sections.