干旱区盐碱土是中国重要的土地资源，对其进行改良利用对于推进中国绿色可持续发展具有重要意义，关系着国家粮食安全与生态安全。微生物作为土壤生态系统的重要组成部分，在改良治理盐碱土、提高植物耐盐性等方面发挥着重要作用。开展干旱区盐碱土微生物多样性、群落结构、功能特征及其影响因素的深入研究，可以为干旱区盐碱土的修复和生态重建提供微生物方面的重要参考。本文整理了干旱区盐碱土的概况，分析盐碱土中的微生物多样性、群落结构和生态功能特征，梳理盐碱环境对土壤微生物群落的影响因素，提出干旱区盐碱土微生物研究中存在的问题及今后的发展方向，以期为中国干旱区盐碱土开发利用和微生物资源管理提供参考。

Saline soil in arid regions is important land resources in China， and their improvement and utilization are an important element in promoting the green and sustainable development of China， which is related to national food security and ecological safety. Microorganisms， as an important part of soil ecosystem， play an important role in the improvement and management of saline soils and improving the salt tolerance of plants. Intensive study on soil microbial diversity， community structure and functional characteristics in arid saline soils and the related factors can provide important microbial references for the restoration and ecological reconstruction of saline soil in arid regions. The paper organized the overview of saline soil in arid regions， analyzed the characteristics of microbial diversity， community structure and ecological function in saline soils， elaborated the related factors of saline environment on soil microbial communities， and put forward the problems in microbial research in arid saline soil and the future development direction. This review can provide references for the development and utilization of saline soil and microbial resources management in arid regions in China.