Zoujiashan uranium deposit is located in the west of Xiangshan ore field ，which is the biggest volcanic-type uranium ore deposits in China. The exploration in recent years have found some uranium ore bodies. Based on the finished achievement of the research and exploration practice, this papers summarized the location of uranium ore bodies in Zoujiashan as the 6 positions：1）fractures zones in main fault；2）steep parts created by volcanic collapse structures；3）the junction of faults；4）secondary fracture zone in the side of main fault；5）clamping parts of parallel faults；6）the junction of volcanic collapse structures，faults，interface of different rock. We proposed three favorable location for the future exploration, they are the stable fissure-dense sector of zone 2 in hanging the wall of F₆ main faults，the secondary fissure sector of Zone 1 beside the F₂ fault，and a “waterfall”-like interface between different rock strata in zone 4. The first and second sector should preliminary explore shallow；the third one may explore -250 m elevation or deeper. The proposed sector provide not ideas for exploring uranium deposit in Zoujiashan area，but also the resource for the mining enterprises.

The southern section of Zone No. 9 in Mianhuakeng deposit is located in the middle of the Zhuguang pluton,which is a rich in uranium. The fault zone has undergone multiple tectonic and hydrothermal action ，forming the favorable space for uranium mineralization and storage. Through secondary development and utilization of data from previous exploration projects，this paper analyzes the change patterns of the ore bodies at different elevations in the southern section of Zone 9 by the statistics on grade and thickness. The results indicate that the ore body trend to be rich in the depth but remain stable in thickness on the whole with local widening. The occurring frequency of moderate and high-grade ore segments are increasing in the deep, which may be caused by the reduction environment in the deep. This understanding provides clues and basis for the next uranium predicting and prospecting.

Dalishu uranium deposit is a carbonate rock type uranium deposit located at the Lukan fault hanging wall in the southeast limb of Xiongwu anticline. Researches on this uranium deposits are still seldom reported. Based on the field geological survey and collection of uranium ore samples in trenches and boreholes, this paper conducted a study on mineralogy，geochemistry，and genesis of the deposit. The study show that the ore body is controlled by the northeast-trending faults and the secondary Si-Ca structural planes and closely related to organic matters. The main uranium minerals in the ore are pitchblende and uraninite，and the uraninite minerals,which are closely associated with pyrite and “black”organic matters. The trace elements such as V，Cr，Co，Ni，Cu，Zn，and Mo are enriched in the ore and the wall rocks.The rare earth element distribution pattern is“right-inclined” with the enrichment of LREE and negative δEu anomaly，indicating a certain genetic relationship with the Cambrian black rock series. It believed that the ore-forming materials maybe come from the Cambrian Niutitang and Laoba formation，the deposit was formed by deep hydrothermal action which extracted the uranium from the Cambrian basement ore-forming materials and carried to favorable areas under the orogenic background of Himalayan period.

Under the background of developing digital economy，the digital transformation of uranium exploration is facing structural imbalances，manifested as core contradictions such as the difficulty in integrating multi-source data，technology fragmentation，and the disconnection between data flow and business flow. This paper focused on the application requirements of digital exploration technology，proposes an information architecture model of “business logic reconstruction-data asset governance-technology middle platform empowerment”as a trinity，and designed the overall blueprint of the “54321 Project”，covering five types of application systems，four supporting systems，three platforms，two types of centers and one full-process data chain, so as to solve the problem of the broken chain of“data-knowledge-decision”. The closed-loop optimization of business flow，data flow and decision-making flow was achieved through a four-dimensional collaborative architecture system. Through the data middle platform and cloud platform，the management domain and the production domain are deeply coupled. A technical support system centered on the integration and application of multi-source data is constructed，forming an integrated data ecosystem of “mining-storage-treatment-utilization”，providing a replicable theoretical framework and practical paradigm for the digital transformation of uranium ore exploration.

In seismic exploration，high-resolution seismic reflection imaging data volumes are critical tools for achieving fine identification of thin sandstone bodies and fault structures in sedimentary basins. However，actual seismic imaging profiles often face the loss of low- and high-frequency signals，leading to low seismic imaging resolution and ineffective identification of oil，gas，uranium，coal，and other mineral resources. In signal processing，integral and differential algorithms of effective signals respectively reflect their low- and high-frequency components. Based on this principle，this paper proposes an interpretative high-resolution processing method using multi-level fractional calculus. By separately calculating different fractional-order components of effective signals，the missing low- and high-frequency components in seismic imaging profiles are obtained. Through the introduction of multivariate Gaussian theory，Bayesian theory，and statistical inversion to improve the solving process of weighting coefficients，a broadband high-resolution seismic imaging profile is established. Compared with traditional calculus-based high-resolution processing methods，this method effectively enhances the accuracy of weighting coefficient determination and avoids the impact of calculation errors on precision. Processing results from both onshore and offshore actual data demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the resolution and frequency bandwidth of seismic data，thereby enhancing high-resolution identification of sand bodies and related structures.

In order to make the distribution of lateral physical properties and layer parameters between adjacent measuring points smoother and more continuous and reduce the limitations of a single geophysical inversion method，a pseudo-two-dimensional lateral constrained joint inversion study of controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric method (CSAMT) and micro-motion spectrum ratio method was carried out. The microtremor data is numerically simulated using the spectral ratio method，combined with the CSAMT-based limited memory BFGS (L-BFGS) inversion algorithm，introducing the lateral constraint theory，and adding the cross-gradient function to achieve the mutual coupling of two different physical parameters. A set of quasi-two-dimensional lateral constraint joint inversion algorithms was developed，and the accuracy and effectiveness of the algorithms were verified through two sets of theoretical models. Meanwhile，the inversion algorithm is used to invert the measured data in Yanqing，Beijing. The results show that there is a good correspondence between the abrupt interface morphology of resistivity and shear wave velocity，which proves the practical value of the laterally constrained joint inversion algorithm.

High-quality field seismic data are fundamental to the refined processing of seismic signals and the accurate interpretation of geological information. A scientifically designed observation system is essential to ensure data quality and imaging effectiveness. In complex geological settings，traditional acquisition systems are prone to insufficient energy coverage and imaging shadow zones，which hinder the identification of reflection signals and the detailed delineation of target structures. To enhance seismic imaging performance under such conditions，this study conducts a systematic investigation into acquisition parameter optimization for observation systems in structurally complex areas，based on an illumination analysis approach using the one-way wave equation. Forward illumination analysis is first employed to optimize the layout of sources and receivers, thereby improving energy coverage over target horizons. Subsequently，reverse illumination analysis is used to refine shot point densification，receiver array length，and channel spacing，aiming to enhance energy acquisition and wavefield coverage. A two-dimensional geological model is constructed，and forward modeling is performed to quantitatively compare the illumination energy distribution before and after optimization，leading to the determination of acquisition parameters that meet imaging requirements. Results show that the optimized observation system effectively reduces imaging shadows in complex structural zones，improves profile continuity and reflection energy response，and exhibits strong adaptability and engineering feasibility. The proposed optimization workflow has been applied and validated in an actual survey area，demonstrating consistent improvements in imaging performance. This work confirmed the practical value of illumination-based analysis in the acquisition design for complex geological conditions and established a parameter configuration methodology suitable for fault-intensive zones and sand body development areas，which will provide a replicable design reference and technical path for future seismic exploration.

To address the applicability challenges of geophysical water exploration methods in the Carboniferous Huangjin formation of carbonaceous-argillaceous limestone characterized by uneven development of dissolution fissure，complex hydraulic connectivity of argillaceous shale interlayers，concealed groundwater occurrence conditions，scant water resources，and improve the success rate of water well drilling, This paper adopts high-density resistivity and Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric Sounding (AMT) methods to detect low-resistivity anomalies in an area of Shaoshui town，Guilin. By applying the induced polarization (IP) secondary time difference method to analyze and delineate water-induced anomalies within these low-resistivity zones. the spatial distribution and occurrence characteristics of groundwater were identified. Results indicate that the AB/2 positions characterized by low-resistivity anomalies，positive induced polarization secondary time difference values with good continuity correspond to the actual aquifer locations. Meanwhile，areas with single-point values or values below 50 ms and poor continuity exhibit low water-bearing capacity.

CO₂ is the main component of non-condensable gas in high-temperature geothermal fluid and its existence still have important impact on geothermal development. Determining its content in high-temperature geothermal fluid is of great significance for geothermal development. The conventional sampling and testing analysis of CO₂ content determination has some drawbacks, such as insufficient sampling representativeness，cumbersome implementation process and high sampling cost. Based on the pressure-temperature measurement in the wellbore during discharge tests and two-phase flow calculation, this paper proposed a new method to determine CO₂ content in the geothermal reservoirs. This method only uses a large number of relatively reliable measured data of temperature and pressure, it has low cost, strong practicability and good reliability. This paper first describes the pressure-temperature measurement during discharge tests. Then constructs a model that solves the two-phase flow in the geothermal wellbore, which was verified by comparison with the commercial software WELLSIM, and determine CO₂ content by using both the wellbore pressure-temperature measurement and model calculation data. Finally, the method was tested and verified by using the measured data from Gulu geothermal field in Tibet and the Ziledaer geothermal field in Turkey, and the CO₂ contents in the geothermal reservoir were determined to be 1.1 % and 3.2 % respectively.

The rock fragmentation mechanism of worn disc cutters provides theoretical guidance for TBM cutter changing. To investigate the correlation between cutter force and penetration depth，evaluate rock fragmentation efficiency，and elucidate the fragmentation mechanism of single worn cutter in extremely hard rock conditions，different blade widths were utilized to represent different wear levels. This study employed sequential indentation tests using both a new cutter with blade width of 17 mm and worn cutters with different blade widths on Beishan granite specimens with dimension of 420 mm×400 mm×500 mm. The penetration process，force characteristics，rock fragmentation volume，and specific energy were systematically analyzed. The key findings include：1）Both new and worn cutters exhibited consistent rock failure phases - initial compaction followed by linear deformation，with intermittent force drops during single penetration, 2）During sequential penetrations with the same depth for the new cutter，both the maximum penetration force and the force growth rate in linear-deformation stage demonstrated an initial increase then decrease, 3）Worn cutters with larger blade widths required higher average force per unit penetration depth. For each kind of worn cutter，the force-depth ratio of each penetration showed fluctuating tendency during the whole sequential penetration process，confirming the cyclic process of energy accumulation，release and then re-accumulation, 4）Specific energy increased linearly with blade width while the penetration capability decreased correspondingly. The 18 mm-blade cutter exhibited optimal rock fragmentation efficiency and penetration performance in sequential penetration.

As the field verification standard for radioactive measuring instruments such as gamma loggers in uranium exploration work，radium sources have played a good role in controlling the metrological performance of the instruments. However，due to national security and environmental protection policies，the existing number of solid radium sources in China can hardly meet the increasing demand of uranium exploration workload，and there is an urgent need to carry out the development of alternative verification devices. It is planned to use natural uranium ore powder and other materials to develop verification devices to verify the radioactivity measuring instruments during the period. Based on the theory of γ radiation field，the relationship between the geometry of the verification device and the internal γ field was calculated，and it was experimentally verified that an annular column verification device with an internal bore diameter of 50 mm and an axial length of 600 mm can ensure that the center of the verification device has a saturated plateau area of 200 mm，leaving at least 100 mm redundancy for convenient detector placement. The internal irradiation volume rate is positively correlated with the thickness of the horizontally oriented ore layer before the saturation thickness is reached. The practical geometry of the γ logger verification device was determined by theoretical calculations，avoiding the waste of material and time in a large number of conservative designs.

Microwave plasma torch（MPT）is a new type of plasma excitation source developed by domestic research team. It is a soft ionization technology with atmospheric ionization characteristics and is mostly used for the analysis of organic matter. Compared with inductively coupled plasma（ICP）ionization sources，MPT has low ionization energy and is difficult to ionize the tested elements into metal ions，which limits its application in inorganic detection. In order to broaden the application range of MPT source，linear ion trap mass spectrometry（LTQ-MS）was used to establish a quantitative analysis method for zirconium，which was applied to environmental monitoring. The zirconium solution was introduced into the MPT-LTQ-MS experimental device，and the aerosol was produced by pneumatic atomization. After drying by concentrated sulfuric acid，the dried aerosol formed anions in the plasma flame generated by the microwave plasma moment，and was detected by LTQ-MS in the negative ion mode. The experimental results show that part of the excited zirconium ion can basically be confirmed to exist in the form of [ZrO(NO₃)₃]^-. This composite anion can be used as the characteristic signal to detect zirconium in water samples，and can be quantitatively analyzed by the characteristic spectral peak of multi-stage mass spectrometry. The characteristic signal of m/z 292 （⁹⁰Zr）showed a good linear correlation with the concentration of zirconium in the concentration range of 5~100 μg·L^-1(R²=0.998 8). The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 2.6 μg·L^-1，and the precision (RSD) was better than 8.9 %. The content of zirconia in surface water was determined by MPT-LTQ-MS，ranging from 0.34 to 3.22 μg·L^-1，and the recovery of standard addition was 94 % to 105 %. The results show that MPT-LTQ-MS can be used as a simple method for the determination of zirconium，and can be used in environmental monitoring and drinking water testing.

To accurately measure the oxidation-reduction potential of uranium ore geological samples, this study try to explore a better measurement method and experimental conditions by comparing and analyzing the application effects of the acidic potassium dichromate method and the alkaline potassium permanganate method in the measurement of the oxidation-reduction potential of uranium ore geological samples. The potential drop method was used to systematically conduct a multi-dimensional comparison between the acidic potassium dichromate method and the alkaline potassium permanganate method. The aspects of comparison included solution stability, optimal solution concentration, sample soaking time，solid - liquid ratio, and electrode equilibrium time. The sample soaking time and electrode equilibrium time of the alkaline potassium permanganate method are shorter than those of the acidic potassium dichromate method, allowing it to reach a stable and reliable potential value more quickly. For strongly reducing samples，the ΔEh value obtained by the acidic potassium dichromate method is larger. However, the evaluation conclusions of the two methods regarding the reduction ability of the samples are consistent. Nevertheless, the precision of the alkaline potassium permanganate method is better.The optimal experimental conditions for the alkaline potassium permanganate method are as follows: a concentration of 0.03 mol∙L^-1, a sample soaking time of 1.5 h，a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25, an electrode equilibrium time of 5 min, a reaction medium of 0.2 % potassium hydroxide solution, and a temperature of (25±1) °C. The ΔEh value measured by this method is basically consistent with the judgment results of the oxidation - reduction environment by the oxidation coefficient method (Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺), and is also basically consistent with the color of the samples.Based on comprehensive experimental indicators, the overall performance of the alkaline potassium permanganate method is superior to that of the acidic potassium dichromate method in the measurement of the oxidation - reduction potential of uranium ore geological samples. By adopting the optimal experimental conditions, the accurate measurement of the oxidation - reduction potential of uranium geological samples is achieved, providing reliable technical support for uranium ore geological research.

This study monitored the activity concentrations of radionuclides in seepage water from a decommissioned uranium tailings pond，analyzed the temporal trends of radionuclide concentrations in seepage water from 2020 to 2024，and investigated the correlations between radionuclides in seepage water and monitoring well water to evaluate the radiological impact of seepage on surrounding groundwater. The results showed that the seepage water contained uranium at concentrations ranging from 15.1 to 397 μg·L^-1，²²⁶Ra from 0.008 to 0.176 Bq·L^-1，²¹⁰Pb from 0.007 to 0.172 Bq·L^-1，and ²¹⁰Po from 0.004 to 0.021 Bq·L^-1，levels of ²²⁶Ra，²¹⁰Pb，and ²¹⁰Po are all below regulatory limits. In monitoring well water，uranium concentrations ranged from 0.21 to 2.98 μg·L^-1，²²⁶Ra from 0.006 to 0.023 Bq·L^-1，²¹⁰Pb from 0.004 to 0.131 Bq·L^-1，and ²¹⁰Po from 0.002 to 0.011 Bq·L^-1，all consistent with local background levels. Analysis using the Mann-Kendall test revealed no significant temporal trends for uranium and ²²⁶Ra in seepage water，while ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po concentrations exhibited declining trends and become stable. According to the evaluation results of Spearman correlation coefficient, the Spearman correlation coefficient ρ_s for uranium，²²⁶Ra，²¹⁰Pb，and ²¹⁰Po in the seepage water and monitoring well water were 0.314 3，0.074 4，0.939 5，and 0.460 5，respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po in monitoring well water and their counterparts in seepage water. These findings provided critical data and regulatory guidance for authorities and enterprises to strengthen radiation environmental monitoring and implement targeted management strategies, thereby mitigating potential risks to groundwater safety around uranium tailings facilities.

In order to understand the current situation of the air absorption dose rate level from terrestrial γ-radiation in Yinchuan, master the distribution pattern of surface γ-radiation，evaluate the external exposure level of residents，gradually establish and improve the environmental radiation background database of the whole city of Yinchuan，Ningxia，and provide technical support for ensuring the health and safety of the public and the development of urban construction，and provide a basis for government decision-making, Evenly measuring grid method was used to cover the measurement area of the air absorption dose rate of surface γ-radiation in Yinchuan city. The dose rate levels of different administrative regions，different environmental conditions，different soils and materials in Yinchuan city were collected and summarized, the effective dose received by residents was estimated. The survey results indicate that the average terrestrial gamma radiation absorbed dose rate in Yinchuan (after deducting cosmic ray contributions) is 48.67 nGy·h^-1，primarily attributed to ⁴⁰K. This value closely aligns with the regional average in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region but is significantly lower than the national average. The resultant annual effective dose to the public is calculated as 0.30 mSv，which is lower than both the per capita annual dose from terrestrial radiation in China (0.46 mSv) and the outdoor gamma radiation dose in Ningxia (0.55 mSv).

The current research on quantitative assessment of nuclear emergency response plans suffers from the lack of a systematic assessment framework and methodological limitations，which are manifested in the fragmentation of assessment dimensions，weak relevance of the indicators，and significant subjective cognitive bias，resulting in serious constraints on the comparability and reproducibility of the results of the assessment. The current assessment situation is difficult to meet the urgent needs of nuclear emergency rescue teams for the continuous improvement of plan quality， especially the lack of effective quantitative tools for key performance indicators，such as the timeliness of plan response and the rationality of resource allocation. To address the kennel problems of discrete index system and strength the subjectivity in the evaluation of nuclear emergency rescue teams’emergency plans，this study constructs a multi-level quantitative assessment system for emergency plan quality based on the theory of complex adaptive systems，and the fusion of heterogeneous data from multiple sources and optimisation strategy of model integration. At the level of theoretical construction，this study firstly deconstructs the professional characteristics and operation mechanism in the process of nuclear emergency plan preparation. Combined with the empirical data accumulated during the regular operation and maintenance of nuclear emergency rescue teams，a three-dimensional assessment framework was innovatively proposed. The framework systematically integrates the core assessment dimensions such as normative principles，structural integrity requirements and content coverage，forming a hierarchical assessment system oriented to continuous quality improvement. In terms of methodological innovation，this study adopted the deep coupling strategy of hierarchical analysis method (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCE) to construct a hybrid assessment model with dynamic correction function. Through the structured indicator system design method，a stepwise evaluation system containing 6 first-level indicators (system architecture， response process，resource allocation，training and rehearsal，information management，and continuous improvement) and 23 second-level indicators (e.g.，completeness of command system，timeliness of emergency response，and rate of equipment configuration up to the standard，etc.) has been established. Among them，the AHP module completes the allocation of indicator weights by constructing a 1-9 scale judgement matrix，focusing on solving the problem of quantifying the structural relationship between multi-level indicators；while the FCE module applies the trapezoidal affiliation function to achieve the quantitative conversion of qualitative indicators，effectively reducing the bias of subjective judgement. The model validation process adopts a dual testing mechanism：the theoretical level is to test the structural validity of the indicator system through expert argumentation; the practical level is to select a national nuclear emergency rescue team to carry out empirical research. Example analyses show that the model can accurately identify the weak links of the preplanning system.The quantitative assessment system constructed in this study has gotten breakthroughs in three aspects：First，the establishment of a multi-dimensional evaluation framework of ‘standard compliance-process rationality-performance compliance. Second，the development of a hybrid AHP-FCE algorithm; and third，the innovation of a dynamic correction mechanism，so that the model can automatically optimise the indicator structure with the changes in the emergency environment. The study provides methodological support for the construction of China’s modern assessment system of nuclear emergency response capability，which has important theoretical value and practical guidance significance. Subsequent research will focus on expanding the applicability of the assessment model in the scenarios of nuclear emergency response collaboration and new reactor applications，and continue to improve the universality and accuracy of the model.

Qaidam basin，located at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau，is one of China’s major large-scale oil- and gas-bearing basins. The results of uranium exploration in recent years show that it has good prospects of uranium mineralization. However，compared to the western Qaidam basin，research on the fundamental geology and uranium exploration in the eastern Qaidam basin remains relatively underdeveloped. Based on systematic summary of low-temperature thermochronological data，provenance and growth strata characteristics，the Cenozoic tectonic evolution history of the east Qaidam area was reviewed. We investigated the control of Cenozoic structural evolution on uranium mineralization in the eastern Qaidam，through comprehensive analysis of typical uranium occurrences surface (field observations) and near-surface (seismic profiles) data. The results indicated that fault systems exert primary control over uranium mineralization，with uranium occurrences predominantly distributed within the flank of gentle anticlinal near the thrust faults，and the Olongbulak North Fault and its secondary faults may work as the principal ore-controlling faults. The uranium mineralization in the east Qaidam occurs predominantly by exudative uranium metallogeny，with Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rocks potentially serving as significant provider of abundant uranium for the mineralization processes. The fault systems within the basin provide effective channels and driving force for the upward migration of deep uranium-rich reduction fluid，and the regional intense compression and hydrocarbon generation control the spatial position of uranium mineralization. The findings in this paper are meaningful for the following uranium exploration work in the east Qaidam basin.

This study focuses on the rare uranium mineralization phenomenon discovered in the Tamsu uranium deposit of Yin’e basin that part of uranium ores contain a large amount of apatite. The lithology，mineralogy，and geochemistry of these uranium ores were studied in detail by microscope，SEM，EMPA，XRD and analysis of major and trace elements，strontium isotope and bulk rock U-Pb isotope，its genesis was also discussed. The rock types associated with phosphorus-rich uranium ores include purplish-red dolomitic phosphorite，grayish-white dolomitic phosphorite，phosphorus-bearing siltstone，medium phosphatic sandstone，and brecciated limestone. The whole rock P₂O₅ content of the samples ranges from 0.42 % to 27.74 %. The primary phosphorus-containing mineral is apatite which occurs as microcrystalline apatite (about 0.5 μm) aggregate and accounts for up to 70 % of the whole rock. These apatite were identified as carbonate-fluorapatite. Uranium content varies from 221×10^-6 to 3 486×10^-6 and show a significant positive correlation with P₂O₅ content，the rock’s water bursting breccia structure，REE patterns, and lower Sr isotope values indicated the participation of hydrothermal deposition during apatite formation. Whole rock U-Pb isochron age of purplish-red phosphorite is 54±5.2 Ma，implying that the phosphorite suffered the alteration by the interlayer oxidation derived from the Zongnaishan uplift event around 60 Ma. In summary, the formation of phosphorus-rich uranium ores in the Tamsu area was the product of multiple geological processes including hydrothermal deposition and interlayer oxidation

Xiangshan ore field is the largest volcanic-hosted uranium ore field in China. Continuous discoveries of lead，zinc，silver，and copper polymetallic mineralization at depth beneath uranium mineralization reveal a spatial distribution pattern of “upper uranium-lower polymetallic”mineralization. Therefore，the genetic relationship between polymetallic mineralization and large-scale uranium mineralization has become another research focus in the Xiangshan ore field. This study systematically investigated the H-O-S-Pb isotopic compositions and conducted comprehensive comparative analyses of uranium and polymetallic mineralization. Results indicate that uranium mineralization involved more atmospheric precipitation and crustal-derived materials compared to polymetallic mineralization. The sulfur isotopic composition of polymetallic mineralization in the Xiangshan area shows distinct differences from typical regional polymetallic deposits. At least one stage of relatively uranium-enriched mineralization process has been identified during the polymetallic mineralization in Xiangshan region.

In the Xiaguxuan area of the eastern QF_Ⅴ ore belt in the Lujing uranium ore-field，siliceous vein type uranium mineralization occurs. The ore-bearing rock is medium-coarse-grained porphyritic biotite granite. The hydrothermal alteration near the ore mainly includes hematitization，silicification，chloritization and carbonatization. Zircon U-Pb chronology，petrography and petrogeochemical analysis show that the zircon U-Pb concordant age of the uranium-bearing fresh granite is 228.3 Ma and the weighted average age is 228.9 Ma，which was formed in the second stage of the Indosinian period (Late Triassic). The major elements are characterized by high potassium calc-alkaline series and weakly peraluminous granite，with high contents of silicon and titanium，low contents of magnesium and iron，slightly low aluminum，rich in alkalis and potassium and low in sodium. Among the trace elements，Ba，Sr and Ti are depleted, while Rb，Th，Pb and Nd are enriched. The rare earth distribution curve is of light rare earth enrichment type with right inclination，and there is obvious fractionation between light and heavy rare earth elements，with obvious negative Eu anomaly，which is consistent with the geochemical characteristics of S-type granite. It is considered through analysis that the ore-hosting granite in the Xiaguxuan area may be the product formed by the partial melting of the aluminous shallow metamorphic rock series in the upper crust due to decompression and temperature increase under the background of the transition from compression to extension in the Late Triassic. Compared with normal granite，the ore-bearing granite has a higher SiO₂ content, a multiple increase in the contents of CaO and P₂O₅，as well as the ratios of Fe₂O₃/FeO and HREE/LREE，and high contents of U and P，etc. All these indicate that the aggregation and precipitation of U in the study area are closely related to the chemical activities of P，LREE and HREE. These summarized chemical indexes are useful indicators for searching for siliceous vein type uranium mineralization in the inner zone of the granite body.

The Rössing mine in Namibia is the earliest alaskite-type uranium mine，ranking the top 10 globe uranium mines. However，the backup resources are seriously insufficient，therefore it is urgent to carry out exploration to expand resources and ensure the sustainable development of the mine. Based on the secondary data development，the authors carried out field geological survey，large-scale geological mapping，and ground energy spectrum measurement on the main uranium deposits in the mining area，studied the typical uranium deposit and identified uranium mineralization characteristics and ore-controlling factors. It was considered that the alaskite-type uranium deposit was the products of regional tectonic-magmatic evolution，which was crystallized from granitic magma. The ore-forming material was derived from the anatexis of the ancient basement rocks. The diversity of source rocks and the heterogeneity of melting resulted in the capacity variations in the ore-bearing alaskite. The localization of the deposit is controlled by NNE-trending regional faults, dome (fold) turning ends and structural variation sites. Ore-bearing pluton intruded along the structural and weak stratigraphic planes，with post-mineralization hydrothermal alteration and supergene leaching and enrichment.On the basis of summarizing the geological background, metallogenic and ore-controlling pattern of uranium mineralization，this paper defined the prediction factors of uranium mineralization and extracted the prediction factors including uranium deposits buffer zones，alaskite distribution areas，regional tectonic buffer zones，marble exocontact zones，alteration development zones, aerial radiometric uranium anomaly zones and ground gamma spectrometry anomaly zones. Using the comprehensive information geological unit method，uranium metallogenic prediction was conducted and 14 new uranium prospective sectors were delineated in the Rössing mining licence area with approximately 140 000 tons potential resources. This achievement indicated significant uranium potential in the periphery of the Rössing deposit and worthy more exploration efforts. The 5 predicted level-A prospects are the focus for the next exploration. Among which，the A₁（Z17-19）sector has been verified as a super-large uranium deposit through drilling，demonstrating remarkable prospecting achievements.

More than 60 years of uranium exploration has accumulated a lot of knowledge. Traditional technical means and management measures can hardly meet the business development needs of the information age. The knowledge service and information management model in the field of uranium exploration urgently needs to be upgraded. This paper focuses on the building of an integrated knowledge platform for collecting, managing and analyzing various types of information related to uranium deposit，especially the key process of the construction of uranium exploration knowledge base and its application in the field of uranium geological exploration. The content of the knowledge base was enriched by two ways of manual upload and automatic acquisition and import. After launch, the repository will be prompted in all the member units of the CNNC so to realize the knowledge preservation, management and application in the scientific and effective sharing way, and transformation of knowledge and information management model in uranium exploration field.

Excessively high acquisition cost is one of the main factors restricting the large-scale application of seismic exploration methods in geophysical prospecting of sandstone-type uranium deposits. Compressed sensing theory can achieve low-cost seismic data acquisition through compressed measurement and sparse reconstruction, thereby improving the economic benefits of seismic exploration methods for sandstone-type uranium deposits. In practical operations, the design of the measurement matrix in compressed sensing theory, that is, the quality of the subsampling method, is one of the keys to the success or failure of seismic data reconstruction. In this paper, the improved piecewise random subsampling method is combined with the edge-preserving piecewise random subsampling method，and an optimized edge-preserving piecewise random subsampling method is proposed. Through the Gram matrix analysis under different decimation ratio parameter conditions, forward-modeling data comparison and the real seismic data application of sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Songliao basin, it is shown that the optimized subsampling method proposed in this study has the best comprehensive performance and can be used as an effective method for random subsampling in seismic exploration of sandstone-type uranium deposits, which can provide a good data basis for subsequent sparse recovery.

The Beishan high-level radioactive waste disposal pit in China is planned to be excavated by a small-diameter blind shaft boring machine，and the gage cutter is the key component of the boring machine to control the accuracy of the hole and the most vulnerable to loss. Its reasonable design and layout are the premise to realize the efficient excavation of the high-level radioactive waste disposal pit. In this paper，the linear cutting test of gage cutter is carried out for Beishan granite by using 11 inch round edge cutter preselected by small diameter blind shaft boring machine. The rock breaking process and vibration characteristics of gage cutter under different penetration depth and installation angle are analyzed. The test results show that under the same penetration depth，the average normal force of the 20° installation angle cutter is generally larger，the lateral force is smaller，but the average rolling force of the two cutters are closer. Under the same penetration depth，the average peak value of triaxial vibration acceleration of gage cutters with different installation angles is the largest in the lateral vibration acceleration，followed by the normal vibration acceleration and the tangential vibration acceleration. The larger the installation angle，the greater the difference in the triaxial vibration acceleration of the gage cutters，the greater the lateral vibration intensity，and the higher the frequency of the lateral high-amplitude vibration.With the increase of penetration depth，the triaxial vibration acceleration of the gage cutter increases，and the frequency of strong vibration in the rock breaking of the gage cutter increases. The influence of penetration depth on the lateral vibration acceleration of the gage cutter is more significant than that in the normal and tangential vibration accelerations. This study can also provide a reference for the optimal layout of the cutterhead of small-diameter blind shaft boring machine.

Deep geological disposal is currently internationally recognized most technically feasible method for the safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste. The chemical characteristics of groundwater at the disposal site are crucial for the design of engineering barriers and safety assessment of the disposal facility. This paper summarizes and compares the research achievements in groundwater chemistry，isotopes，and groundwater chemical modeling in the United States，Sweden，Finland，Switzerland，and France. Combining the foreign achievement with the current research status of high-level radioactive waste geological disposal in China，the paper proposes that China need to conduct further research on aspects such as the vertical distribution of groundwater chemistry at the site，groundwater microorganisms, dissolved gases in groundwater, the redox conditions of the site, and the paleoclimate of the site. Based on the above achievement，a hydrogeochemical model of the disposal site should be developed to evaluate the safety and stability of the disposal site at a timescale of tens of thousands years. This study aims to provide a reference for China’s research on groundwater chemistry at high-level radioactive waste disposal sites.

With the continuous promotion of government departments in water pollution prevention and control，the water environment has seen a substantial improvement，but the water bodies near pollution sources such as industrial zones and livestock and poultry farms are still prone to be black and odorous. How to identify these black stinking water bodies with excessive ammonia and nitrogen content is an urgent problem. 30 black stinky water bodies with excessive ammonia nitrogen were collected and assayed to study the identification inversion method for Gaofen-2 remote sensing data. By combining multiple band ratio and threshold segmentation algorithms，a combination algorithms applicable to the study area was obtained to identify the stinky water body and black stinky water by the correlating band ratio and the measured ammonia nitrogen. With the combination algorithms, ammonia nitrogen content of black smelly water bodies was inversed to identify the spatial distribution so as to discover the suspected sewage point position. The results were showed as the following：1) BOCI，WCI，FUI and e4 algorithms had a high separability between black smelly water bodies and general water bodies，the mean value combination of BOCI-OSTU and BOCI had the best segmentation effect on the samples of the prediction set while BOCI played the most stable role among the threshold algorithms；2) BOCI-OSTU，BOCI-mean value and WCI-Minimum are relatively effective in identifying black stinking water bodies；3)the BOI and G-R algorithms have the highest correlation of measured ammonia nitrogen values to the decision coefficients at 0.6 and 0.58 respectively；4) The ammonia nitrogen inversion was performed on three ditches within the study area using the BOI algorithm，and the ammonia nitrogen spatial distribution maps were obtained to present the suspected discharge locations. Therefore，this technique can provide efficient black stinky water body investigation service for government departments and technical support for ecological environment improvement.

Roads，as typical man-made objects，have attracted considerable attention in the field of remote sensing. Previous research has predominantly focused on geometrical feature extraction，with relatively insufficient attention paid to road attribute information such as material, classification, and surrounding features. However，road attribute information is crucial for road management，urban planning，and more. Considering the inherent engineering and geographical relationships among these road attributes，this study adopts a multi-task learning approach. We propose a method for extracting road attributes from visible remote sensing images based on multi-task learning，utilizing a residual network integrated with a channel attention module as the backbone. This is further enhanced with a foreground auxiliary module and a feature pyramid module to augment the focus on road targets and the capability for multi-scale processing. Ultimately，the study achieves the classification of road material，classification，and surrounding feature types (background) in visible remote sensing images. and proved the overall accuracy of the network，demonstrating that convolutional networks can effectively extract features and learn engineering and geographical relationships. In the application to the periphery of a nuclear power plants，this method addressed the complex environment and strategic importance of nuclear facilities，validating its effectiveness in practical scenarios，which is of significant importance for ensuring the safe operation of nuclear power plants and the rational planning of surrounding areas.

Hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been widely used in many fields due to its high spectral resolution and rich spectral information. Object classification is one of the key techniques to fully use the hyperspectral data. Based on the investigation and summary of the research status of hyperspectral image classification technology，experiments were conducted in the mining area north of Jinchang，Gansu province. A comparative analysis was mainly carried out from two aspects：supervised classification and unsupervised classification. Taking the spectral Angle method as an example，the key factors affecting the classification performance of different methods were deeply discussed. The results show that the accuracy of supervised classification method is better than that of unsupervised classification for the areas with insufficient spatial characteristics like the experimental area, in which the Maximum Likelihood Classification is the best, and it also proves that unsupervised classification is not suitable for mineral classification in the similar areas.

Traditional mining operations，constrained by technological limitations such as insufficient accuracy in ore body exploration and low automation levels in mining equipment，as well as natural constraints including complex geological structures and harsh underground conditions，have long suffered from persistent systemic issues including low precision in mining processes，declining production efficiency, and accumulating safety risks，thereby severely constrained the high-quality development of the mining industry. With the rapid advancement of information technology，smart mining technology has emerged as a crucial solution to address these issues and promote industrial transformation. Based on systematic analysis and summarization of key technologies in smart mining，this study designed and developed an integrated management platform to achieve intelligent management and efficient operation of smart mines. Particularly through the integration and application of communication technologies，Internet of Things (IoT)，big data analytics，and cloud computing，this platform significantly enhances mining safety and production efficiency. Through deep integration of 5G and IoT technologies，smart mining systems have significantly improved data transmission speed and stability while supporting massive real-time data transfer. IoT devices equipped with multiple sensors enable comprehensive monitoring of environmental parameters (temperature/humidity)，equipment status，and personnel positioning，establishing a highly interconnected intelligent system. The convergence of big data and cloud computing technologies effectively addresses complex and massive data demands in mining operations，achieving real-time data sharing and distributed processing while optimizing data storage and computational efficiency. Combined with big data analytics，smart mining systems can rapidly analyze multi-dimensional data and perform deep mining to provide accurate trend predictions. Future advancements in technology and management models are expected to enable higher-level intelligentization and automation in smart mines，providing robust support for the high-quality development of the mining industry.

Accurately determining the arsenic （As） content in stream sediments can provide data for geological exploration. Traditional method for analyzing As is atomic fluorescence spectrometry （AFS） with diluted acid as the carrier， this study investigated the memory effect and stability of AFS using water as the carrier for As, analyzed the procedural blanks of As in two methods—mixed acids digestion and aqua regia extraction and the background of four reagents （HNO₃，HCl，HF，HClO₄）with AFS，discussed the impact of reagent backgrounds on the results. The results indicate that the AFS using water carrier has low memory effect and superior stability，and it only takes 30 s to finish the analysis of a sample. The total procedural blank of As in the mixed acid dissolution is higher than that in the aqua regia extraction，and the background in HF is the highest among the reagents，leading to a significant deviation of the reference values from the recommended values. The study established a method combining aqua regia extraction with water carrier AFS analysis，with a detection limit of 0.028 μg·g^-1，accuracy from 0.14 % to 4.0 %，and precision better than 3.4 %，making it suitable for rapid analysis of a large number of samples.