Investigation results and analysis of radioactivity in water seepage of a decommissioned uranium tailing pond
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ZHANG Jin,male,born in 1976,senior engineer,focusing on environmental protection engineering and environmental impact assessment. E-mail:254180476@qq.com |
Received date: 2025-03-25
Revised date: 2025-04-28
Online published: 2025-11-06
Supported by
Central Financial Fund Project under the planning and jurisdiction of the China Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau(202324-3)
This study monitored the activity concentrations of radionuclides in seepage water from a decommissioned uranium tailings pond,analyzed the temporal trends of radionuclide concentrations in seepage water from 2020 to 2024,and investigated the correlations between radionuclides in seepage water and monitoring well water to evaluate the radiological impact of seepage on surrounding groundwater. The results showed that the seepage water contained uranium at concentrations ranging from 15.1 to 397 μg·L-1,226Ra from 0.008 to 0.176 Bq·L-1,210Pb from 0.007 to 0.172 Bq·L-1,and 210Po from 0.004 to 0.021 Bq·L-1,levels of 226Ra,210Pb,and 210Po are all below regulatory limits. In monitoring well water,uranium concentrations ranged from 0.21 to 2.98 μg·L-1,226Ra from 0.006 to 0.023 Bq·L-1,210Pb from 0.004 to 0.131 Bq·L-1,and 210Po from 0.002 to 0.011 Bq·L-1,all consistent with local background levels. Analysis using the Mann-Kendall test revealed no significant temporal trends for uranium and 226Ra in seepage water,while 210Pb and 210Po concentrations exhibited declining trends and become stable. According to the evaluation results of Spearman correlation coefficient, the Spearman correlation coefficient ρs for uranium,226Ra,210Pb,and 210Po in the seepage water and monitoring well water were 0.314 3,0.074 4,0.939 5,and 0.460 5,respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between 210Pb and 210Po in monitoring well water and their counterparts in seepage water. These findings provided critical data and regulatory guidance for authorities and enterprises to strengthen radiation environmental monitoring and implement targeted management strategies, thereby mitigating potential risks to groundwater safety around uranium tailings facilities.
ZHANG Jin , ZHONG Chunming , GAO Xiang , ZHANG Xin . Investigation results and analysis of radioactivity in water seepage of a decommissioned uranium tailing pond[J]. World Nuclear Geoscience, 2025 , 42(3) : 659 -667 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.03.016
表1 监测方法、监测仪器及检出限Table 1 Monitoring methods,monitoring instruments and detection limits |
| 监测对象 | 监测项目 | 监测方法 | 监测仪器 | 检出限 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 渗水、监测井水 | 226Ra | 《水中镭-226 的分析方法:GB 11214—1989》[14] | PC-2100型镭氡分析仪 | 0.002 Bq·L-1 |
| U天然 | 《水质 65种元素的测定 电感耦合等离子体质谱法:HJ 700—2014》[15] | NexION 300X型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 | 0.04 μg·L-1 | |
| 210Po | 《水中钋-210 的分析方法:HJ 813—2016》[16] | 7200-4-1型低本底α能谱仪 | 0.001 Bq·L-1 | |
| 210Pb | 《水中铅-210 的分析方法:EJ/T 859—1994》[17] | MPC-9604型流气式低本底α、β测量仪 | 0.003 Bq·L-1 |
表2 尾矿库周边地表水、井水中U天然和226Ra本底值Table 2 Uranium and 226Ra background values in the surface water and well water around the tailings pond |
| 介质 | U天然测量结果/(μg·L-1) | 226Ra测量结果/(mBq·L-1) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | |
| 水体(湘江) | 0.05~10.5 | 1.35 | 0.50~22.54 | 2.72 |
| 井水 | 1.22~12.67 | 5.12 | 0.25~9.55 | 3.85 |
表3 渗水中放射性核素监测结果Table 3 Monitoring results of the radionuclides in seepage water |
| 年份/年 | U天然/(μg·L-1) | 226Ra/(Bq·L-1) | 210Pb/(Bq·L-1) | 210Po/(Bq·L-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | |
| 2020 | 15.1~353 | 116 | 0.008~0.022 | 0.013 | 0.085~0.172 | 0.116 | 0.011~0.021 | 0.015 |
| 2021 | 43.0~397 | 158 | 0.010~0.058 | 0.035 | 0.041~0.063 | 0.053 | 0.005~0.013 | 0.008 |
| 2022 | 57.2~251 | 118 | 0.009~0.034 | 0.016 | 0.030~0.055 | 0.038 | 0.005~0.009 | 0.006 |
| 2023 | 21.7~357 | 146 | 0.042~0.176 | 0.087 | 0.016~0.024 | 0.021 | 0.005~0.006 | 0.006 |
| 2024 | 39.0~341 | 168 | 0.011~0.021 | 0.014 | 0.007~0.014 | 0.010 | 0.004~0.005 | 0.005 |
表4 监测井水中放射性核素监测结果Table 4 Monitoring result of the radionuclides in water wells |
| 年份/年 | U天然/(μg·L-1) | 226Ra/(Bq·L-1) | 210Pb/(Bq·L-1) | 210Po/(Bq·L-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | |
| 2020 | 0.83~1.73 | 1.22 | 0.009~0.023 | 0.016 | 0.021~0.131 | 0.072 | 0.004~0.011 | 0.006 |
| 2021 | 0.45~0.87 | 0.59 | 0.007~0.019 | 0.011 | 0.013~0.021 | 0.017 | 0.004~0.009 | 0.006 |
| 2022 | 0.21~1.09 | 0.65 | 0.007~0.020 | 0.011 | 0.008~0.009 | 0.009 | 0.002~0.004 | 0.003 |
| 2023 | 1.11~2.98 | 2.21 | 0.006~0.021 | 0.013 | 0.005~0.007 | 0.006 | 0.002~0.004 | 0.003 |
| 2024 | 0.36~1.36 | 0.88 | 0.011~0.017 | 0.014 | 0.004~0.007 | 0.005 | 0.003~0.004 | 0.003 |
图1 2020—2024年渗水中放射性核素监测数据分布图Fig. 1 Distribution map of radionuclide monitoring data from 2020 to 2024 in seepage water |
表5 2020—2024年渗水中U天然、226Ra、210Pb和210Po Mann-Kendall检验法评价结果Table 5 Evaluation results of the Mann-Kendall trend test for U, 226Ra, 210Pb and 210Po in seepage water in 2020-2024 |
| 核素 | 监测数据 | 结论 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U天然 | 33.6,353,63.6,15.1,397,43.0,103,88.3,57.2,76.8,251,88.3,57.2,21.7,357,149,341,232,58.6,39.0 | 12 | 948 | 0.357 | 无显著趋势 |
| 226Ra | 0.009,0.008,0.022,0.014,0.032,0.010,0.058,0.039,0.009,0.010,0.011,0.034,0.042,0.042,0.176,0.088,0.012,0.021,0.011,0.013 | 16 | 950 | 0.50 | 无显著趋势 |
| 210Pb | 0.172,0.113,0.085,0.092,0.052,0.041,0.057,0.063,0.034,0.031,0.030,0.055,0.024,0.021,0.022,0.016,0.014,0.008,0.007,0.009 | -165 | 950 | -5.29 | 下降趋势 |
| 210Po | 0.021,0.014,0.011,0.012,0.007,0.006,0.005,0.013,0.005,0.006,0.005,0.009,0.005,0.006,0.005,0.006,0.004,0.005,0.005,0.005 | -94 | 561 | -3.99 | 下降趋势 |
表6 Spearman秩相关系数检验的 临界值Table 6 critical value of Sperrman correlation coefficient |
| 监测数据次数/n | 临界值 | 监测数据次数/n | 临界值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 1.000 | 13 | 0.484 |
| 5 | 0.900 | 14 | 0.464 |
| 6 | 0.829 | 15 | 0.443 |
| 7 | 0.714 | 16 | 0.429 |
| 8 | 0.643 | 17 | 0.414 |
| 9 | 0.600 | 18 | 0.401 |
| 10 | 0.564 | 19 | 0.391 |
| 11 | 0.536 | 20 | 0.380 |
| 12 | 0.503 | 21 | 0.370 |
表7 2020—2024年渗水和监测井水的Spearman秩相关系数Table 7 The Sperrman correlation coefficient for seepage water and monitoring wells in 2020-2024 |
| 次数 | 临界值 | Spearman秩相关系数 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U天然 | 结论 | 226Ra | 结论 | 210Pb | 结论 | 210Po | 结论 | ||
| 20 | 0.380 | 0.314 3 | 无显著相关 | 0.074 4 | 无显著相关 | 0.939 5 | 上升 | 0.460 5 | 上升 |
:对审稿专家和编辑老师的辛勤付出表示诚挚的感谢。
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