Determination of redox potential of uranium geological samples by potential difference method
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ZHANG Jianmei,female,born in 1973,senior engineer,focusing on the analysis work of rocks and minerals. E-mail:1452303745@qq.com |
Received date: 2025-04-07
Revised date: 2025-04-22
Online published: 2025-11-06
Supported by
Uranium Investigation Project of China Nuclear Geology“Uranium mineral survey in Dulaota area,Chapchar County,Xinjiang(202305-1)
To accurately measure the oxidation-reduction potential of uranium ore geological samples, this study try to explore a better measurement method and experimental conditions by comparing and analyzing the application effects of the acidic potassium dichromate method and the alkaline potassium permanganate method in the measurement of the oxidation-reduction potential of uranium ore geological samples. The potential drop method was used to systematically conduct a multi-dimensional comparison between the acidic potassium dichromate method and the alkaline potassium permanganate method. The aspects of comparison included solution stability, optimal solution concentration, sample soaking time,solid - liquid ratio, and electrode equilibrium time. The sample soaking time and electrode equilibrium time of the alkaline potassium permanganate method are shorter than those of the acidic potassium dichromate method, allowing it to reach a stable and reliable potential value more quickly. For strongly reducing samples,the ΔEh value obtained by the acidic potassium dichromate method is larger. However, the evaluation conclusions of the two methods regarding the reduction ability of the samples are consistent. Nevertheless, the precision of the alkaline potassium permanganate method is better.The optimal experimental conditions for the alkaline potassium permanganate method are as follows: a concentration of 0.03 mol∙L-1, a sample soaking time of 1.5 h,a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25, an electrode equilibrium time of 5 min, a reaction medium of 0.2 % potassium hydroxide solution, and a temperature of (25±1) °C. The ΔEh value measured by this method is basically consistent with the judgment results of the oxidation - reduction environment by the oxidation coefficient method (Fe2+/Fe3+), and is also basically consistent with the color of the samples.Based on comprehensive experimental indicators, the overall performance of the alkaline potassium permanganate method is superior to that of the acidic potassium dichromate method in the measurement of the oxidation - reduction potential of uranium ore geological samples. By adopting the optimal experimental conditions, the accurate measurement of the oxidation - reduction potential of uranium geological samples is achieved, providing reliable technical support for uranium ore geological research.
ZHANG Jianmei , DENG Changsheng , QIAO Hao . Determination of redox potential of uranium geological samples by potential difference method[J]. World Nuclear Geoscience, 2025 , 42(3) : 647 -658 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.03.015
表1 不同浓度碱性高锰酸钾溶液的稳定性Table 1 The stability of alkaline potassium permanganate solution with different concentrations |
| c/(mol∙L-1) | t/min | t/d | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 20 | 30 | 60 | 120 | 240 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
| 0.01 | 520 | 515 | 495 | 484 | 492 | 475 | 448 | 450 | 438 | 435 | 440 | 443 | 450 |
| 0.02 | 528 | 525 | 511 | 506 | 509 | 504 | 487 | 486 | 481 | 483 | 482 | 480 | 484 |
| 0.03 | 522 | 518 | 512 | 509 | 501 | 508 | 505 | 498 | 488 | 488 | 490 | 485 | 490 |
| 0.04 | 518 | 509 | 506 | 517 | 498 | 503 | 496 | 490 | 485 | 486 | 487 | 483 | 484 |
| 0.05 | 501 | 496 | 519 | 508 | 515 | 504 | 488 | 490 | 486 | 486 | 486 | 484 | 488 |
| 0.10 | 507 | 505 | 518 | 513 | 514 | 508 | 501 | 502 | 498 | 497 | 497 | 495 | 498 |
| 0.15 | 507 | 505 | 509 | 521 | 516 | 503 | 500 | 500 | 498 | 498 | 499 | 497 | 500 |
| 0.20 | 522 | 521 | 521 | 531 | 524 | 518 | 517 | 515 | 512 | 511 | 511 | 509 | 511 |
| 0.25 | 518 | 533 | 532 | 532 | 514 | 514 | 513 | 510 | 509 | 508 | 509 | 507 | 508 |
表2 不同浓度酸性重铬酸钾溶液的稳定性Table 2 The stability of acidic potassium dichromate solutions with different concentrations |
| c/(mol∙L-1) | t/min | t/d | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 20 | 30 | 60 | 120 | 240 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
| 0.02 | 934 | 975 | 989 | 990 | 999 | 1 008 | 1 001 | 995 | 994 | 988 | 996 | 989 | 986 |
| 0.03 | 978 | 993 | 1 000 | 1 003 | 1 011 | 1 018 | 1 013 | 1 013 | 1 016 | 1 015 | 1 012 | 1 014 | 1 009 |
| 0.04 | 981 | 998 | 1 004 | 1 005 | 1 005 | 1 017 | 1 018 | 1 014 | 1 019 | 1 017 | 1 015 | 1 012 | 1 014 |
| 0.05 | 987 | 996 | 1 002 | 1 008 | 1 016 | 1 023 | 1 022 | 1 019 | 1 025 | 1 018 | 1 018 | 1 015 | 1 017 |
| 0.06 | 991 | 1 010 | 1 011 | 1 012 | 1 017 | 1 025 | 1 028 | 1 027 | 1 029 | 1 026 | 1 025 | 1 020 | 1 019 |
| 0.07 | 990 | 1 003 | 1 003 | 1 008 | 1 005 | 1 020 | 1 024 | 1 019 | 1 019 | 1 021 | 1 020 | 1 019 | 1 017 |
| 0.08 | 992 | 1 007 | 1 006 | 1 009 | 1 011 | 1 021 | 1 024 | 1 018 | 1 022 | 1 020 | 1 021 | 1 015 | 1 018 |
| 0.09 | 992 | 1 010 | 1 008 | 1 010 | 1 013 | 1 020 | 1 024 | 1 021 | 1 023 | 1 022 | 1 019 | 1 018 | 1 020 |
| 0.10 | 993 | 1 007 | 1 005 | 1 006 | 1 009 | 1 019 | 1 025 | 1 021 | 1 023 | 1 021 | 1 022 | 1 021 | 1 019 |
| 0.15 | 1 000 | 1 007 | 1 007 | 1 013 | 1 015 | 1 020 | 1 026 | 1 022 | 1 025 | 1 024 | 1 021 | 1 020 | 1 019 |
| 0.20 | 1 001 | 1 008 | 1 010 | 1 017 | 1 019 | 1 021 | 1 027 | 1 021 | 1 028 | 1 025 | 1 025 | 1 022 | 1 023 |
| 0.25 | 1 010 | 1 015 | 1 016 | 1 017 | 1 018 | 1 026 | 1 028 | 1 027 | 1 030 | 1 028 | 1 023 | 1 029 | 1 024 |
表3 5个样品在不同浓度碱性高锰酸钾溶液下的最大ΔEhTable 3 The maximum ΔEh of five samples in alkaline potassium permanganate solutions with different concentrations |
| 编号 | c/(mol∙L-1) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | ||
| 样品1 | 58 | 58 | 63 | 70 | 76 | 74 | 71 | 68 | 63 | 58 | 49 | 46 | |
| 样品2 | 62 | 63 | 65 | 71 | 78 | 74 | 74 | 68 | 68 | 66 | 54 | 50 | |
| 样品3 | 58 | 61 | 63 | 66 | 73 | 73 | 71 | 67 | 66 | 62 | 49 | 42 | |
| 样品4 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 39 | 44 | 40 | 41 | 32 | 36 | 34 | 22 | 19 | |
| 样品5 | 28 | 30 | 28 | 30 | 33 | 30 | 30 | 28 | 27 | 30 | 16 | 12 | |
表4 样品不同浸泡时间的ΔEhTable 4 The ΔEh of the samples at different immersion times |
| t/h | 样品1/mV | 样品2 /mV | 样品3/mV | 样品4 /mV | 样品5/mV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5 | 61 | 66 | 59 | 27 | 20 |
| 1.0 | 69 | 70 | 65 | 34 | 25 |
| 1.5 | 75 | 76 | 70 | 40 | 31 |
| 2.0 | 76 | 78 | 72 | 42 | 32 |
| 2.5 | 75 | 78 | 73 | 43 | 33 |
| 3.0 | 73 | 75 | 69 | 44 | 32 |
| 3.5 | 72 | 75 | 71 | 42 | 33 |
| 4.0 | 68 | 71 | 67 | 41 | 31 |
| 5.0 | 54 | 68 | 65 | 40 | 31 |
表5 样品2在不同1/6重铬酸钾浓度不同时间下的ΔEhTable 5 The ΔEh of sample 2 at different times under different concentrations of 1/6 potassium dichromate |
| t/h | c/(mol∙L-1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.20 | |
| 0.5 | 53 | 54 | 58 | 59 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 47 | 41 |
| 1.0 | 74 | 71 | 69 | 55 | 57 | 61 | 57 | 55 | 54 |
| 1.5 | 77 | 78 | 68 | 61 | 70 | 65 | 63 | 64 | 60 |
| 2.0 | 76 | 82 | 75 | 83 | 85 | 79 | 77 | 72 | 65 |
| 3.0 | 89 | 82 | 84 | 80 | 84 | 83 | 78 | 70 | 64 |
| 3.5 | 83 | 81 | 88 | 84 | 82 | 80 | 79 | 73 | 67 |
| 4.0 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 86 | 86 | 84 | 82 | 79 | 70 |
| 5.0 | 103 | 101 | 89 | 98 | 95 | 91 | 88 | 78 | 76 |
| 6.0 | 95 | 94 | 92 | 80 | 89 | 85 | 85 | 77 | 83 |
表6 样品3在不同1/6重铬酸钾浓度不同时间下的ΔEhTable 6 The ΔEh of sample 3 at different times under different concentrations of 1/6 potassium dichromate |
| t/h | c/(mol∙L-1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.20 | |
| 0.5 | 103 | 99 | 100 | 94 | 86 | 85 | 88 | 79 | 70 |
| 1.0 | 114 | 105 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 98 | 100 | 87 | 81 |
| 1.5 | 117 | 114 | 106 | 103 | 109 | 106 | 106 | 104 | 90 |
| 2.0 | 120 | 123 | 116 | 125 | 127 | 127 | 126 | 109 | 99 |
| 3.0 | 124 | 122 | 122 | 126 | 129 | 126 | 122 | 109 | 102 |
| 3.5 | 121 | 133 | 142 | 132 | 131 | 125 | 125 | 111 | 103 |
| 4.0 | 129 | 142 | 145 | 141 | 133 | 130 | 128 | 115 | 109 |
| 5.0 | 145 | 154 | 142 | 150 | 156 | 140 | 133 | 118 | 111 |
| 6.0 | 131 | 138 | 134 | 140 | 137 | 131 | 122 | 115 | 116 |
表7 样品6在不同1/6重铬酸钾浓度不同时间下的ΔEhTable 7 The ΔEh of sample 6 at different times under different concentrations of 1/6 potassium dichromate |
| t/h | c/(mol∙L-1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.20 | |
| 0.5 | 25 | 27 | 29 | 32 | 33 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 19 |
| 1.0 | 36 | 33 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 30 | 27 | 23 | 23 |
| 1.5 | 38 | 36 | 34 | 36 | 32 | 32 | 28 | 28 | 25 |
| 2.0 | 37 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 38 | 33 | 29 | 29 |
| 3.0 | 40 | 34 | 33 | 38 | 37 | 40 | 37 | 30 | 28 |
| 3.5 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 40 | 38 | 41 | 35 | 32 | 27 |
| 4.0 | 43 | 42 | 41 | 39 | 40 | 39 | 35 | 36 | 32 |
| 5.0 | 42 | 44 | 48 | 46 | 47 | 42 | 40 | 38 | 33 |
| 6.0 | 45 | 42 | 45 | 40 | 44 | 46 | 41 | 34 | 41 |
表8 碱性高锰酸钾固液比实验Table 8 Experiment on the solid - liquid ratio in the alkaline potassium permanganate method |
| 称样量/g | 20231695 | 20231678 | 20231679 | 空白 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eh2/mV | ΔEh/mV | Eh2/mV | ΔEh/mV | Eh2/mV | ΔEh/mV | Eh1/mV | |
| 0.5 | 458 | 33 | 473 | 18 | 462 | 29 | 491 |
| 1.0 | 454 | 37 | 461 | 30 | 459 | 32 | 491 |
| 1.5 | 446 | 45 | 456 | 35 | 449 | 42 | 491 |
| 2.0 | 442 | 49 | 451 | 40 | 446 | 45 | 491 |
| 2.5 | 443 | 48 | 452 | 39 | 445 | 46 | 491 |
| 3.0 | 441 | 50 | 448 | 43 | 446 | 45 | 491 |
| 4.0 | 440 | 51 | 448 | 43 | 445 | 46 | 491 |
表9 酸性重铬酸钾固液比实验Table 9 Experiment on the solid-liquid ratio of acidic potassium dichromate |
| 称样量/g | 20231695 | 20231678 | 20231679 | 空白 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eh2/mV | ΔEh/mV | Eh2/mV | ΔEh/mV | Eh2/mV | ΔEh/mV | Eh1/mV | |
| 0.5 | 997 | 26 | 1009 | 14 | 1007 | 16 | 1023 |
| 1.0 | 970 | 53 | 992 | 31 | 993 | 30 | 1023 |
| 1.5 | 970 | 53 | 992 | 31 | 988 | 35 | 1023 |
| 2.0 | 963 | 60 | 991 | 32 | 981 | 42 | 1023 |
| 2.5 | 964 | 59 | 990 | 33 | 982 | 41 | 1023 |
| 3.0 | 962 | 61 | 991 | 32 | 978 | 45 | 1023 |
| 4.0 | 957 | 66 | 989 | 34 | 978 | 45 | 1023 |
表10 不同时间下硫酸亚铁铵-硫酸铁铵标准溶液的Eh值Table 10 The Eh values of ammonium ferrous sulfate-ammonium ferric sulfate standard solutions at different times |
| t/min | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eh/mV | 448 | 476 | 475 | 475 | 476 | 475 | 476 | 476 | 476 | 476 |
表11 不同时间下碱性高锰酸钾溶液的Eh值Table 11 The Eh values of alkaline potassium permanganate solution at different times |
| t/min | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eh/mV | 475 | 433 | 432 | 431 | 431 | 431 | 431 | 431 | 431 | 431 |
表12 不同时间下重铬酸钾溶液的Eh值Table 12 The Eh values of potassium dichromate solution at different times |
| t/min | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eh/mV | 875 | 890 | 886 | 884 | 883 | 882 | 880 | 879 | 878 | 875 |
表13 两种方法测量样品ΔEh的对比Table 13 Comparison of ΔEh of samples measured by two methods |
| 序号 | 样品编号 | 样品颜色 | ΔEh(高锰酸钾法) | ΔEh(重铬酸钾法) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20231679 | 灰色 | 47 | 78 |
| 2 | 20231695 | 灰色 | 50 | 100 |
| 3 | 20233629 | 灰白色 | 51 | 113 |
| 4 | 20233668 | 灰色 | 59 | 107 |
| 5 | 20233676 | 灰色 | 66 | 82 |
| 6 | 20233684 | 灰色 | 64 | 114 |
| 7 | 20238047 | 灰色 | 50 | 92 |
| 8 | 20234579 | 灰色 | 42 | 51 |
| 9 | 20233665 | 灰色 | 48 | 47 |
| 10 | 20233666 | 浅灰 | 43 | 49 |
| 11 | 20234569 | 灰白色 | 45 | 50 |
| 12 | 20238074 | 浅黄色 | 29 | 35 |
| 13 | 20233633 | 土黄色 | 28 | 13 |
| 14 | 20233637 | 深土黄色 | 17 | 12 |
| 15 | 20233643 | 土黄色 | 16 | 14 |
表14 碱性高锰酸钾法的精密度Table 14 The precision of alkaline potassium permanganate method |
| 样品编号 | 20233684 | 20231695 | 20233668 | 空白 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 测量次数 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 |
| 测量值/mV | 430、429、430、427 | 442、441、441、443 | 432、431、433、429 | 491 |
| ΔEh/mV | 61、62、61、64 | 49、50、50、48 | 59、60、58、62 | — |
| 相对标准偏差RSD/% | 3.7 | 3.5 | 4.8 | — |
表15 酸性重铬酸钾法的精密度Table 15 The precision of acidic potassium dichromate method |
| 样品编号 | 20233684 | 20231695 | 20233668 | 空白 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 测量次数 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 |
| 测量值/mV | 888、893、905、901 | 927、939、933、943 | 920、927、931、917 | 1027 |
| ΔEh | 134、139、122、126 | 100、88、94、84 | 107、100、96、110 | — |
| 相对标准偏差RSD/% | 11.1 | 13.9 | 11.7 | — |
表16 两种方法优缺点对比Table 16 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of the two methods |
| 序号 | 比较项目 | 碱性高锰酸钾法 | 酸性重铬酸钾法 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 氧化剂稳定时间 | 3 d | 4 h |
| 2 | 灵敏度 | 相对低 | 高 |
| 3 | 稳定性 | 稳定(1 h内几乎不变) | 不稳定(数据会一直缓慢上升或下降) |
| 4 | 电极平衡时间 | 约5 min | ≥15 min |
| 5 | 样品稳定时间 | 1.5 h | 2 h |
| 6 | 工作效率 | 4.5 h/40个 | 5 h/20个 |
| 7 | 精密度 | RSD <5 % | RSD >10 % |
表17 碱性高锰酸钾法与氧化-还原系数法对氧化-还原环境的比较判断Table 17 Comparative judgment of redox environment by alkaline potassium permanganate method and redox coefficient method |
| 序号 | 样品编号 | 样品颜色 | 电位落差法 | 氧化-还原系数法 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔEh/mV | 环境判断 | Fe2+/Fe3+ | 环境判断 | |||
| 1 | 20233668 | 浅灰色 | 59 | 还原岩石带 | 1.50 | 还原环境 |
| 2 | 20233676 | 灰色 | 66 | 强还原带 | 1.46 | 还原环境 |
| 3 | 20233684 | 灰色 | 64 | 还原岩石带 | 1.33 | 还原环境 |
| 4 | 20231695 | 灰绿色 | 53 | 还原岩石带 | 1.12 | 弱还原环境 |
| 5 | 20238047 | 灰绿色 | 50 | 还原岩石带 | 1.03 | 弱还原环境 |
| 6 | 20231679 | 灰绿色 | 47 | 还原岩石带 | 1.18 | 弱还原环境 |
| 7 | 20233629 | 灰白色 | 51 | 还原岩石带 | 1.05 | 弱还原环境 |
| 8 | 20233665 | 浅灰色 | 48 | 还原岩石带 | 1.13 | 弱还原环境 |
| 9 | 20233666 | 灰色 | 43 | 氧化-还原过渡带 | 1.17 | 弱还原环境 |
| 10 | 20234579 | 灰色 | 42 | 氧化-还原过渡带 | 0.98 | 弱氧化环境 |
| 11 | 20234569 | 浅灰色 | 45 | 氧化-还原过渡带 | 0.95 | 弱氧化环境 |
| 12 | 20234521 | 灰色 | 37 | 氧化-还原过渡带 | 1.00 | 弱氧化环境 |
| 13 | 20234531 | 灰色 | 35 | 氧化-还原过渡带 | 0.96 | 弱氧化环境 |
| 14 | 20234532 | 灰色 | 35 | 氧化-还原过渡带 | 0.97 | 弱氧化环境 |
| 15 | 20234576 | 灰色 | 39 | 氧化-还原过渡带 | 1.01 | 弱氧化环境 |
| 16 | 20234640 | 浅灰色 | 38 | 氧化-还原过渡带 | 0.98 | 弱氧化环境 |
| 17 | 20238074 | 浅黄色 | 29 | 氧化-还原过渡带 | 0.70 | 氧化环境 |
| 18 | 20233633 | 褐黄色 | 28 | 氧化-还原过渡带 | 0.67 | 氧化环境 |
| 19 | 20233637 | 褐黄色 | 17 | 氧化岩石带 | 0.65 | 氧化环境 |
| 20 | 20233643 | 浅褐红色 | 16 | 氧化岩石带 | 0.17 | 氧化环境 |
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