Study on rock fragmentation mechanism of Beishan granite under different worn cutters by indentation test
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ZHENG Zhi,male,born in 2000,master’s degree candidate,focusing on rock fragmentation by TBM disc cutters. E-mail:zhengzhi0010@163.com |
Received date: 2025-04-21
Revised date: 2025-05-06
Online published: 2025-11-06
Supported by
CNNC Basic Research Project-Study on the mechanism of rock fragmentation by double disc cutters in intact and extremely hard rock(CNNC-JCYJ-202307)
The rock fragmentation mechanism of worn disc cutters provides theoretical guidance for TBM cutter changing. To investigate the correlation between cutter force and penetration depth,evaluate rock fragmentation efficiency,and elucidate the fragmentation mechanism of single worn cutter in extremely hard rock conditions,different blade widths were utilized to represent different wear levels. This study employed sequential indentation tests using both a new cutter with blade width of 17 mm and worn cutters with different blade widths on Beishan granite specimens with dimension of 420 mm×400 mm×500 mm. The penetration process,force characteristics,rock fragmentation volume,and specific energy were systematically analyzed. The key findings include:1)Both new and worn cutters exhibited consistent rock failure phases - initial compaction followed by linear deformation,with intermittent force drops during single penetration, 2)During sequential penetrations with the same depth for the new cutter,both the maximum penetration force and the force growth rate in linear-deformation stage demonstrated an initial increase then decrease, 3)Worn cutters with larger blade widths required higher average force per unit penetration depth. For each kind of worn cutter,the force-depth ratio of each penetration showed fluctuating tendency during the whole sequential penetration process,confirming the cyclic process of energy accumulation,release and then re-accumulation, 4)Specific energy increased linearly with blade width while the penetration capability decreased correspondingly. The 18 mm-blade cutter exhibited optimal rock fragmentation efficiency and penetration performance in sequential penetration.
ZHENG Zhi , MA Hongsu , YIN Lijun , SUN Jian , WANG Ju . Study on rock fragmentation mechanism of Beishan granite under different worn cutters by indentation test[J]. World Nuclear Geoscience, 2025 , 42(3) : 618 -629 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.03.012
图1 侵入试验设备及新刀、磨损刀压头Fig. 1 Penetration testing equipment with indenters for new and worn disc cutters |
表1 不同磨损量滚刀压头刃型参数Table 1 Blade geometry parameters of disc cutter indenters with different wear |
| 刀头编号 | 刀刃角/(°) | 新刀刃宽/mm | 实际刃宽/mm | 磨损量/mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X17 | 10 | 17 | 17 | 0 |
| M18 | 17 | 18 | 4.15 | |
| M24 | 17 | 24 | 21.16 | |
| M27 | 17 | 27 | 29.67 | |
| M30 | 17 | 30 | 38.18 |
注:X—楔刃新刀;M—平刃磨损刀。 |
表2 北山花岗岩试样的物理力学指标Table 2 Physical-mechanical parameters of Beishan granite samples |
| 天然密度/(g·cm-3) | 弹性模量/GPa | 泊松比 | 单轴抗压强度/MPa | 抗拉强度/MPa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.61 | 44.3 | 0.20 | 141.7 | 7.4 |
表3 新刀每次侵入后的破碎坑及岩石碎片Table 3 Fracture pits and rock fragments after each penetration by new disc cutters |
| 侵入深度/mm-次序 | X17 |
|---|---|
| 0.5-1 | ![]() |
| 0.5-2 | ![]() |
| 0.5-3 | ![]() |
| 0.5-4 | ![]() |
| 0.5-5 | ![]() |
| 0.5-6 | ![]() |
表4 磨损刀不同侵入深度的破碎坑及岩石碎片Table 4 Fracture pits and rock fragments at different penetration depths for worn disc cutters |
| 贯入度/mm-次序 | M18 | M24 | M27 | M30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5-1 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 1.0-2 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 1.5-3 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 1.5-4 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 2.0-5 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 2.0-6 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
表5 磨损刀每次侵入的单位侵入深度所需侵入力及平均单位侵入深度所需侵入力Table 5 Penetration force per unit depth for each penetration of worn disc cutters and average penetration force per unit depth |
| 磨损刀 | 侵入次序 | 单位侵入深度所需侵入力/(kN·mm-1) | 平均单位侵入深度所需侵入力/(kN·mm-1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| M18 | 1 | 217.53 | 447.68 |
| 2 | 405.27 | ||
| 3 | 634.90 | ||
| 4 | 543.41 | ||
| 5 | 401.32 | ||
| 6 | 483.67 | ||
| M24 | 1 | 271.25 | 483.09 |
| 2 | 659.74 | ||
| 3 | 471.35 | ||
| 4 | 521.12 | ||
| 5 | 480.06 | ||
| 6 | 495.02 | ||
| M27 | 1 | 323.92 | 511.09 |
| 2 | 615.89 | ||
| 3 | 490.93 | ||
| 4 | 436.20 | ||
| 5 | 521.61 | ||
| 6 | 677.96 | ||
| M30 | 1 | 584.64 | 517.11 |
| 2 | 384.37 | ||
| 3 | 451.88 | ||
| 4 | 536.73 | ||
| 5 | 558.78 | ||
| 6 | 586.23 |
图4 4种磨损刀各次侵入单位侵入深度所需侵入力曲线图Fig. 4 Curves of penetration force per unit depth for each penetration of four worn disc cutters |
表6 磨损刀侵入试验数据Table 6 Penetration test data of worn disc cutters |
| 磨损刀 类型 | 贯入度/ mm | 破碎功/ J | 破碎体积/ cm3 | 总破碎功/ J | 总破碎体积/ cm3 | 总比能/ (kJ·cm-3) | 最终破碎坑深度/ mm | 侵入 能力 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M18 | 0.5 | 25.88 | 0.19 | 2 336.73 | 20.56 | 0.1136 | 6.07 | 0.733 |
| 1.0 | 165.88 | 0.75 | ||||||
| 1.42 | 496.60 | 2.25 | ||||||
| 1.5 | 468.40 | 2.06 | ||||||
| 2.0 | 568.25 | 8.66 | ||||||
| 1.86 | 611.72 | 6.65 | ||||||
| M24 | 0.5 | 47.72 | 0.39 | 2 411.84 | 18.11 | 0.1332 | 5.18 | 0.629 |
| 1 | 284.02 | 1.46 | ||||||
| 1.5 | 461.2 | 4.11 | ||||||
| 1.5 | 443.93 | 2.73 | ||||||
| 1.89 | 609.35 | 4.70 | ||||||
| 1.85 | 565.62 | 4.72 | ||||||
| M27 | 0.50 | 31.60 | 0.37 | 1 942.60 | 13.69 | 0.1419 | 4.53 | 0.599 |
| 1.00 | 277.46 | 1.37 | ||||||
| 1.50 | 429.67 | 3.40 | ||||||
| 1.50 | 360.27 | 2.69 | ||||||
| 1.73 | 446.67 | 2.56 | ||||||
| 1.33 | 396.93 | 3.30 | ||||||
| M30 | 0.50 | 73.70 | 0.16 | 2 081.37 | 14.63 | 0.1423 | 4.18 | 0.548 |
| 1.00 | 223.07 | 2.52 | ||||||
| 1.50 | 398.12 | 1.89 | ||||||
| 1.50 | 452.74 | 3.57 | ||||||
| 1.60 | 462.66 | 2.95 | ||||||
| 1.53 | 471.08 | 3.54 |
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