Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of uranium-bearing sandstone in the lower member of Toutunhe formation in Louzhuangzi area, southern margin of Junggar basin
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GUO Chao,male,born in 1983,engineer,focusing on uranium geological exploration. E-mail:616926119@qq.com |
Received date: 2024-12-30
Revised date: 2025-01-20
Online published: 2025-11-07
Supported by
uranium investigation and evaluation project of China Nuclear Geology “Investigation and Evaluation of Uranium Resources in Jingouhe to Qianshuihe Area in the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang(No:202107-2)”
This article analyzes the petrological characteristics,geochemical features,provenance composition,structural background, and sedimentary environment of uranium bearing sandstone in the lower member of the Toutunhe formation in the Louzhuangzi area by the methods of geochemical analysis,microscopic identification and core observation,and preliminarily explores their relationship with uranium mineralization. The results show that the tectonic background of the ore-bearing sandstone source rocks in the lower member of the Toutunhe formation is mainly the active continental margin and the passive continental margin. The special tectonic background provided favorable conditions for the migration of uranium. The source of sandstone debris was dominated by neutral igneous rock,and the parent rock was mainly calc-alkaline granite with a small amount of pyroclastic rock,sedimentary rock and metamorphic rock,which indicated the sandstone from multi-source nature,and has a good uranium source. The sandstone formed in a warm and humid paleoclimate and the source rock was strongly weathered. The sandstone is rich in reducing medium,reflecting that the lower member of Toutunhe formation was in a reducing environment and has good primary reduction ability. The content of major elements of the sandstone debris in the target layer has the characteristics of rich alkali,high silicon and weak aluminum,and the ore-bearing sandstone are of lower w(SiO2) and w(Al2O3) and higher w(CaO) than those of the sterile sandstone. The difference of component content in the sand body of the ore-bearing member is characterized by strong clay alteration and carbonate development. U,Mo and Se are relatively enriched,and other trace elements are relatively depleted except for Ga,which is comparable to the sedimentary rocks in China. The content of trace elements in ore-bearing samples of the same borehole is generally higher than that in sterile samples, U,Mo,Se,V,Ge,Ti,Sc and Y are significantly increased, which indicated that the trace elements in the sand body of the target layer also have migrated and enriched in the uranium mineralization process.
Chao GUO , Weiwei JIA , Song HUANG , Guorong WANG , Gang LIAN . Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of uranium-bearing sandstone in the lower member of Toutunhe formation in Louzhuangzi area, southern margin of Junggar basin[J]. World Nuclear Geoscience, 2025 , 42(1) : 45 -59 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.004
图1 准噶尔盆地南缘楼庄子地区地质略图及头屯河组柱状图1—第四系;2—新近系;3—古近系;4—白垩系;5—喀拉扎组;6—齐古组;7—头屯河组;8—西山窑组;9—三工河组;10—八道湾组;11—郝家沟组;12—地质界线;13—地质界线(不整合);14—断裂;15—公路;16—水系;17—地名;18—铀矿化点;19—地层产状;20—工业矿带。 Fig. 1 The geological sketch map of Louzhuangzi area in the southern margin of Junggar basin and the columnar map of Toutunhe formation 1—Quaternary;2—Neogene;3—Eogene;4—Cretaceous;5—Kalaza formation;6—Qigu formation;7—Toutunhe formation;8—Xishanyao formation;9—Sangonghe formation;10—Badaowan formation;11—Haojiagou formation;12—Geological Boundary;13—Geological unconformity boundary;14—Fracture;15—Highway;16—River syetem;17—Place name;18—Uranium mineralization point;19—Stratigraphic occurrence;20—Industrial ore belt。 |
图2 砂岩分类三角图及镜下鉴定照片a—砂岩分类三角图(1-石英砂岩;2-长石石英砂岩;3-岩屑石英砂岩;4-长石砂岩;5-岩屑长石砂岩;6-长石岩屑砂岩;7-岩屑砂岩);b—砂岩中凝灰岩岩屑和黄铁矿(正交偏光);c—砂岩中凝灰岩岩屑和花岗岩岩屑(正交偏光);d—砂岩中凝灰岩岩屑和英安岩岩屑(正交偏光); Q—石英;Kf—钾长石;Pl—斜长石;Cc—方解石;Py—黄铁矿。 Fig. 2 Triangle classification diagrams and thin section of sandstone a—Triangle diagram ofsandstone classification(1-Quartz sandstone;2-Feldspathic quartz sandstone;3-Lithic quartz sandstone;4-Arkose;5-Lithic feldspar sandstone;6-Feldspar lithic sandstone;7-lithic sandstone);b—Orthogonal polarized photo of tuff debris and pyrite in sandstone;c—Orthogonal polarized photo of marl debris and granite debris in sandstone;d—Orthogonal polarized photo of tuff debris and dacite debris in sandstone; Q—Quartz;Kf—Potassium-feldspar;Pl—Plagioclase;Cc—Calcite;Py—Pyrite. |
表1 楼庄子地区头屯河组下段赋铀砂岩主量元素含量/%统计表Table 1 Statistics of main element content /% of uranium-bearing sandstone samples in the lower member of Toutunhe formation in Louzhuangzi area |
| 样号 | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | P2O5 | MnO | TiO2 | FeO | TFe2O3 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A301-3 | 72.94 | 10.82 | 1.01 | 4.28 | 0.50 | 3.13 | 1.89 | 0.048 | 0.106 | 0.139 | 1.14 | 2.05 | 含矿 |
| A401-2 | 69.69 | 10.17 | 0.74 | 6.05 | 0.55 | 2.67 | 2.01 | 0.051 | 0.180 | 0.212 | 1.41 | 2.08 | |
| A405-3 | 64.62 | 12.08 | 0.63 | 6.11 | 0.82 | 2.58 | 2.63 | 0.086 | 0.398 | 0.423 | 2.16 | 2.73 | |
| A501-2 | 68.14 | 9.49 | 0.69 | 7.09 | 0.49 | 3.76 | 2.31 | 0.063 | 0.190 | 0.147 | 1.34 | 1.95 | |
| A502-1 | 69.59 | 10.11 | 0.65 | 5.61 | 0.52 | 4.10 | 2.30 | 0.047 | 0.056 | 0.145 | 1.41 | 1.99 | |
| A503-2 | 72.24 | 10.54 | 0.71 | 3.43 | 0.61 | 4.13 | 2.49 | 0.063 | 0.088 | 0.189 | 1.66 | 2.30 | |
| A504-1 | 70.72 | 12.21 | 1.15 | 2.96 | 0.64 | 3.05 | 2.68 | 0.063 | 0.022 | 0.269 | 0.57 | 1.60 | |
| A601-1 | 69.18 | 9.95 | 0.67 | 6.96 | 0.43 | 2.62 | 2.38 | 0.050 | 0.066 | 0.255 | 1.20 | 1.80 | |
| A602-3 | 71.25 | 13.36 | 0.74 | 2.27 | 0.70 | 3.15 | 3.06 | 0.086 | 0.112 | 0.283 | 1.41 | 2.08 | |
| A1101-4 | 72.62 | 10.61 | 0.89 | 3.96 | 0.45 | 2.88 | 2.20 | 0.055 | 0.057 | 0.162 | 0.31 | 1.11 | |
| 1102-3 | 65.43 | 10.89 | 1.14 | 7.06 | 0.67 | 2.57 | 1.99 | 0.077 | 0.325 | 0.599 | 0.66 | 1.68 | |
| 平均值 | 69.67 | 10.93 | 0.82 | 5.07 | 0.58 | 3.15 | 2.36 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 1.21 | 1.94 | |
| A301-2 | 76.84 | 10.96 | 1.47 | 1.20 | 0.73 | 2.78 | 1.79 | 0.060 | 0.043 | 0.216 | 1.60 | 2.92 | 无矿 |
| A401-3 | 71.86 | 12.20 | 0.88 | 1.98 | 0.72 | 2.87 | 2.62 | 0.062 | 0.064 | 0.232 | 2.05 | 2.84 | |
| A405-2 | 71.43 | 12.95 | 1.50 | 1.56 | 1.07 | 3.23 | 2.48 | 0.079 | 0.041 | 0.380 | 0.77 | 2.11 | |
| A501-3 | 75.61 | 10.33 | 0.53 | 2.15 | 0.47 | 4.30 | 2.56 | 0.051 | 0.045 | 0.158 | 1.35 | 1.83 | |
| A502-2 | 73.89 | 11.81 | 0.66 | 1.44 | 0.60 | 4.29 | 3.32 | 0.070 | 0.055 | 0.237 | 1.74 | 2.33 | |
| A503-1 | 75.67 | 10.85 | 0.75 | 0.70 | 0.82 | 4.29 | 2.17 | 0.055 | 0.030 | 0.225 | 1.41 | 2.09 | |
| A504-2 | 65.46 | 13.87 | 4.22 | 0.43 | 1.24 | 2.40 | 2.18 | 0.079 | 0.033 | 0.661 | 1.37 | 5.17 | |
| A601-3 | 76.07 | 11.28 | 0.85 | 0.99 | 0.76 | 3.01 | 2.31 | 0.057 | 0.026 | 0.270 | 1.03 | 1.80 | |
| A602-2 | 75.64 | 11.99 | 0.78 | 1.26 | 0.48 | 3.43 | 2.76 | 0.058 | 0.037 | 0.269 | 0.51 | 1.21 | |
| A1101-1 | 75.37 | 11.39 | 0.76 | 1.10 | 0.76 | 2.87 | 2.15 | 0.059 | 0.029 | 0.302 | 0.50 | 1.18 | |
| 1102-6 | 73.72 | 10.41 | 0.66 | 3.40 | 0.61 | 2.99 | 2.06 | 0.056 | 0.081 | 0.220 | 0.70 | 1.29 | |
| 平均值 | 73.78 | 11.64 | 1.19 | 1.47 | 0.75 | 3.31 | 2.40 | 0.062 | 0.044 | 0.288 | 1.18 | 2.25 |
注:TFe2O3代表全铁,TFe2O3=Fe+0.9×Fe2O3 |
表2 楼庄子地区头屯河组下段赋铀砂岩样品微量元素分析结果Table 2 Trace element analysis results of uranium-bearing sandstone samples in the lower member of Toutunhe formation in Louzhuangzi area |
| 样号 | U/10-6 | Th/10-6 | Mo/10-6 | Se/10-6 | Ga/10-6 | V/10-6 | Ge/10-6 | Cu/10-6 | Ti/10-6 | Sc/10-6 | Y/10-6 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A501-27 | 1 435.52 | 10.32 | 232.14 | 6.14 | 11.82 | 42.75 | 1.60 | 30.26 | 2 578.91 | 7.89 | 53.94 | 含矿 |
| A602-16 | 3 339.41 | 4.63 | 327.83 | 0.24 | 13.99 | 105.43 | 0.63 | 28.13 | 1 235.31 | 4.46 | 24.45 | |
| A502-14 | 167.30 | 11.17 | 20.6 | 3.54 | 14.71 | 60.78 | 1.45 | 14.52 | 3 461.66 | 6.51 | 26.32 | |
| A1102-9 | 30.92 | 5.52 | 3.60 | 0.42 | 11.39 | 46.67 | 1.00 | 9.26 | 1 602.37 | 6.57 | 23.48 | |
| A503-12 | 22.89 | 8.79 | 10.04 | 1.61 | 12.61 | 38.58 | 0.77 | 10.02 | 2 528.13 | 8.87 | 20.54 | |
| A501-14 | 3.76 | 4.20 | 0.40 | 4.03 | 9.91 | 26.28 | 0.60 | 8.37 | 1 018.90 | 4.40 | 12.95 | 无矿 |
| A602-19 | 3.27 | 4.77 | 2.18 | 0.12 | 12.15 | 38.91 | 0.69 | 31.12 | 1 117.52 | 5.24 | 12.69 | |
| A502-17 | 3.81 | 5.35 | 0.58 | 2.36 | 11.18 | 25.96 | 0.64 | 5.49 | 1 398.78 | 4.22 | 15.41 | |
| A1102-14 | 4.01 | 1.32 | 0.86 | 8.47 | 11.81 | 39.53 | 0.73 | 6.64 | 1 398.45 | 1.13 | 3.03 | |
| A503-13 | 3.37 | 2.53 | 2.48 | 1.68 | 11.94 | 27.54 | 0.77 | 6.25 | 1 459.99 | 1.78 | 5.54 | |
| 中国沉积岩丰度 | 2.00 | 8.70 | 0.56 | 0.11 | 13.00 | 54.00 | 1.70 | 28.00 | 2 650.00 | 10.00 | 20.00 |
表3 楼庄子地区头屯河组下段赋铀砂岩主量元素相关参数计算结果表/%Table 3 Calculation results of main elements and related parameters of uranium-bearing sandstone samples in the lower member of Toutunhe formation in Louzhuangzi area /% |
| 样号 | TFe2O3+MgO | K2O/Na2O | Al2O3/SiO2 | Al2O3/TiO2 | Al2O3/(Na2O+CaO) | CaO/MgO | (Fe2O3+Al2O3)/(MgO+CaO) | F1 | F2 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A301-3 | 2.55 | 1.66 | 0.15 | 77.84 | 1.75 | 8.56 | 2.47 | 5.99 | 2.00 | 含矿 |
| A401-2 | 2.63 | 1.32 | 0.15 | 47.97 | 1.26 | 11.05 | 1.65 | 7.14 | 2.22 | |
| A405-3 | 3.55 | 0.98 | 0.19 | 28.57 | 1.38 | 7.46 | 1.83 | 8.46 | 2.78 | |
| A501-2 | 2.44 | 1.63 | 0.14 | 64.67 | 1.01 | 14.46 | 1.34 | 6.28 | 4.69 | |
| A502-1 | 2.51 | 1.78 | 0.15 | 69.52 | 1.28 | 10.85 | 1.76 | 5.31 | 4.52 | |
| A503-2 | 2.91 | 1.66 | 0.15 | 55.68 | 1.78 | 5.62 | 2.78 | 4.31 | 3.75 | |
| A504-1 | 2.24 | 1.14 | 0.17 | 45.39 | 2.16 | 4.63 | 3.71 | 5.74 | 2.59 | |
| A601-1 | 2.23 | 1.10 | 0.14 | 38.99 | 1.07 | 16.22 | 1.44 | 7.69 | 3.31 | |
| A602-3 | 2.78 | 1.03 | 0.19 | 47.12 | 2.51 | 3.23 | 4.74 | 6.31 | 2.88 | |
| A1101-4 | 1.56 | 1.31 | 0.15 | 65.32 | 1.72 | 8.89 | 2.61 | 5.45 | 2.26 | |
| 1102-3 | 2.36 | 1.29 | 0.17 | 18.17 | 1.20 | 10.49 | 1.56 | 7.13 | 2.67 | |
| A301-2 | 3.65 | 1.55 | 0.14 | 50.74 | 3.67 | 1.64 | 6.44 | 4.73 | (0.43) | 无矿 |
| A401-3 | 3.56 | 1.09 | 0.17 | 52.57 | 2.65 | 2.74 | 4.83 | 6.20 | 1.40 | |
| A405-2 | 3.18 | 1.30 | 0.18 | 34.13 | 3.21 | 1.46 | 5.50 | 4.55 | 1.42 | |
| A501-3 | 2.31 | 1.68 | 0.14 | 65.22 | 2.20 | 4.54 | 4.15 | 3.12 | 3.78 | |
| A502-2 | 2.93 | 1.29 | 0.16 | 49.86 | 2.48 | 2.39 | 6.11 | 4.03 | 4.44 | |
| A503-1 | 2.91 | 1.98 | 0.14 | 48.33 | 3.79 | 0.84 | 7.64 | 1.91 | 2.15 | |
| A504-2 | 6.41 | 1.10 | 0.21 | 20.99 | 5.32 | 0.35 | 10.78 | 6.85 | (1.49) | |
| A601-3 | 2.57 | 1.30 | 0.15 | 41.74 | 3.41 | 1.30 | 6.90 | 3.79 | 0.86 | |
| A602-2 | 1.69 | 1.24 | 0.16 | 44.58 | 2.98 | 2.62 | 7.32 | 4.07 | 2.76 | |
| A1101-1 | 1.94 | 1.34 | 0.15 | 37.73 | 3.51 | 1.46 | 6.55 | 3.49 | 0.66 | |
| 1102-6 | 1.90 | 1.45 | 0.14 | 47.22 | 1.91 | 5.60 | 2.76 | 4.57 | 1.74 |
注:TFe2O3为全铁,ICV=(Fe2O3+ K2O+ Na2O + CaO + MgO + MnO + TiO2)/Al2O3( 单位均为摩尔分数);F1=-1.773TiO2+0.607Al2O3+0.76TFe2O3-1.5MgO+0.616CaO+0.509Na2O-1.224K2O-9.09;F2=0.445TiO2+0.07Al2O3-0.25TFe2O3-1.142MgO+0.438CaO+1.475Na2O+1.426K2O-6.861[26]。 |
图3 砂岩主量元素构造环境关系图解a-(TFe2O3+MgO)-Al2O3(/ Na2O+CaO)图解, b-(TFe2O3+MgO)-Al2O3/SiO2图解,c-SiO2-K2O/Na2O图解,底图均据文献[27]。ACM-活动大陆边缘;PM-被动大陆边缘;OIA-大洋岛弧);CIA-大陆岛弧;A1-弧(Arc);A2-演化弧。 Fig. 3 Diagrams of the relationship between major elements and tectonic environment of sandstone a-The diagrams of the (TFe2O3+MgO)-Al2O3/( Na2O+CaO), b-The diagrams of the (TFe2O3+MgO)-Al2O3/SiO2,c-The diagrams of the SiO2-K2O/Na2O,Base map according to reference[27]。ACM-Active Continental Margin;PM-Passive Continental Margin;OIA-Ocean Island Arc;CIA-Continental Island Arc;A1-Arc;A2-Evolutionary Arc. |
微量元素富集系数统计结果Table 4 Statistical results of enrichment coefficient of trace elements |
| 样号 | U | Th | Mo | Se | Ga | V | Ge | Cu | Ti | Sc | Y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DHA501-27 | 717.76 | 1.19 | 414.53 | 55.82 | 0.91 | 0.79 | 0.94 | 1.08 | 0.97 | 0.79 | 2.70 |
| DHA501-14 | 1.88 | 0.48 | 0.71 | 36.66 | 0.76 | 0.49 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.44 | 0.65 |
| DHA503-12 | 11.44 | 1.01 | 17.92 | 14.65 | 0.97 | 0.71 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 1.03 |
| DHA503-13 | 1.68 | 0.29 | 4.43 | 15.29 | 0.92 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.22 | 0.55 | 0.18 | 0.28 |
| DHA1102-9 | 15.46 | 0.63 | 6.42 | 3.83 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.59 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.66 | 1.17 |
| DHA1102-14 | 2.00 | 0.15 | 1.53 | 76.96 | 0.91 | 0.73 | 0.43 | 0.24 | 0.53 | 0.11 | 0.15 |
| DHA502-14 | 83.65 | 1.28 | 36.79 | 32.19 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 0.85 | 0.52 | 1.31 | 0.65 | 1.32 |
| DHA502-17 | 1.91 | 0.62 | 1.03 | 21.42 | 0.86 | 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.20 | 0.53 | 0.42 | 0.77 |
| DHA602-16 | 1 669.71 | 0.53 | 585.41 | 2.20 | 1.08 | 1.95 | 0.37 | 1.00 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 1.22 |
| DHA602-19 | 1.63 | 0.55 | 3.89 | 1.11 | 0.93 | 0.72 | 0.41 | 1.11 | 0.42 | 0.52 | 0.63 |
表5 楼庄子地区头屯河组下段赋铀砂岩中C有、全S和CO2含量统计表Table 5 Statistical of C有, total S and CO2 content of uranium-bearing sandstone samples in the lower member of Toutunhe formation in Louzhuangzi area |
| 组分 | 含矿砂岩 | 无矿砂岩 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | |
| C有/% | 0.18 | 1.78 | 0.88 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.12 |
| 全S/% | 0.96 | 3.29 | 1.97 | 0.35 | 0.83 | 0.57 |
| CO2/% | 5.79 | 10.60 | 7.86 | 0.83 | 8.51 | 3.49 |
感谢唐湘飞、闫晶晶和杜默给予的支持和帮助!
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