The measurement of 232Th in slag with high-purity germanium γ spectrometer
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HUANG Yuqi,male,born in 1992,engineer,focusing on physical analysis. E-mail:549660154@qq.com |
Received date: 2024-12-16
Revised date: 2024-12-29
Online published: 2025-11-07
In order to accurately measure 232Th in the waste residues of associated radioactive mines, especially for the measurement of slag samples under non-equilibrium conditions, and to provide data support for radiation environment supervision, a method for measuring 232Th in slag using a high-purity germanium γ spectrometer was established. The method involves indirect measurement by selecting the characteristic γ rays of the daughter nuclides in the decay chain of 232Th, and calculating its specific activity by the relative comparison method. The slag samples in a non-equilibrium state are sealed for 20 days to enable 228Ra and 228Ac to reach equilibrium, and 228Th, 224Ra and subsequent daughter nuclides to reach equilibrium. Then, the specific activity of the parent nuclide 232Th is obtained through conversion relationships. This method is accurate and efficient, with a detection limit of 1.1 Bq・kg-1, a precision better than 5 %, and a relative error lower than 5 %. The method of measuring 232Th in slag using a high-purity germanium γ spectrometer does not require complex chemical treatment, which makes up for the deficiencies of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The calculation method under non-equilibrium conditions is also more reliable than using the average value of a single characteristic peak or multiple characteristic peaks.
Yuqi HUANG , Chunming ZHONG . The measurement of 232Th in slag with high-purity germanium γ spectrometer[J]. World Nuclear Geoscience, 2025 , 42(1) : 211 -217 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.019
表1 232Th射线类型和能量Table 1 Types and energies of 232Th radiation |
| 射线类型 | 能量/keV | 分支比/% |
|---|---|---|
| α射线 | 4 012.3 | 78.2 |
| α射线 | 3 947.2 | 21.7 |
| α射线 | 3 811.1 | 0.069 |
| γ射线 | 63.8 | 0.263 |
| γ射线 | 140.9 | 0.021 |
表2 选用的232Th子体特征射线峰Table 2 The characteristic ray peaks of the selected 232Th daughter |
| 子体核素 | 半衰期 | 能量/keV | 分支比/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 208Tl | 3.053 min | 583.1 | 84.5 |
| 212Pb | 10.64 h | 238.2 | 43.3 |
| 212Bi | 60.55 min | 727.3 | 6.58 |
| 228Ac | 6.13 h | 911.2 | 25.8 |
表3 方法精密度及正确度Table 3 Precision and trueness of the method |
| 标准物质编号 | 性质 | 测定值/(Bq·kg-1) | 平均值/(Bq·kg-1) | 精密度RSD/% | 相对误差/% | 参考值/(Bq·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GBW04110 | 矿石 | 108.3、107.2、100.1、106.4、 103.4、106.5、95.4、97.8 | 103.1 | 4.4 | 2.0 | 101.1±8.1 |
| GBW04115 | 矿石 | 1 225.6、1 234.8、1 229.4、1 288.0、 1 276.3、1 245.7、1 240.6、1 239.0 | 1 247.4 | 1.7 | -1.4 | 1 265.8±56.6 |
| GBW04116 | 矿石 | 8 062.4、8 066.9、8 210.5、8 023.8、 8 092.1、8 180.4、8 124.7、8 032.7 | 8 099.2 | 0.8 | -0.9 | 8 168.9±161.8 |
表4 矿渣样品的测量结果Table 4 Results of measurements on mining slags |
| 样品编号 | 性质 | 测定值/(Bq·kg-1) | 测定值/(Bq·kg-1) | 计算值/(Bq·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 中和渣 | 314.0 | 33.9 | 319.6 |
| 2 | 优溶渣 | 1 035.6 | 8 355.7 | 889.2 |
| 3 | 优溶渣 | 2 214.8 | 335.6 | 2 252.4 |
| 4 | 酸溶渣 | 460.1 | 6 102.1 | 347.3 |
| 5 | 尾矿渣 | 55.4 | 680.5 | 42.9 |
| 6 | 浸出渣 | 1 406.8 | 673.6 | 1 421.5 |
表5 电感耦合等离子体质谱法的测量结果Table 5 Results of the ICP-MS |
| 样品编号 | 性质 | ICP-MS测定值/(Bq·kg-1) | 与 的比值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 中和渣 | 342.5 | 1.07 |
| 2 | 优溶渣 | 819.7 | 0.92 |
| 3 | 优溶渣 | 2 354.2 | 1.05 |
| 4 | 酸溶渣 | 313.9 | 0.90 |
| 5 | 尾矿渣 | 45.9 | 1.07 |
| 6 | 浸出渣 | 1 563.7 | 1.10 |
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