A rapid identification method for nuclide spectra based on MobileNetV3
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OU Kaifa,male,born in 1997,master,focusing on nuclear data processing and computer vision. E-mail:oukaifa@163.com |
Received date: 2025-01-13
Revised date: 2025-01-24
Online published: 2025-11-07
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12165001)
(12165001)
The rapid identification of radionuclides is a critical component of nuclear material detection systems,essential for improving the performance and efficiency of radiation detection. Traditional nuclide spectrum recognition methods typically involve multiple complex steps,such as noise reduction,background subtraction,and feature extraction,which are computationally intensive,time-consuming,and inefficient,making them unsuitable for rapid response in practical applications. To address these issues,this paper proposed a rapid nuclide spectrum recognition algorithm based on the MobileNetV3 neural network,which achieved efficient nuclide recognition by optimizing data processing and model training methods. A series of simulated datasets were generated using Monte Carlo (MCNP) simulation software,including scenarios with different radioactive sources and particle counts,varying distances between NaI detectors and the sources,and mixed nuclide environments. These diverse datasets were used to train and validate the network model,enhancing its generalization capability. To better process the full-energy peak characteristics of gamma spectra,this study designs a preprocessing method based on a sliding window approach,which incrementally transforms one-dimensional spectral data. Subsequently,the transformed spectral data is mapped into two-dimensional grayscale images using Hilbert curves and input into the MobileNetV3 model for training and prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed neural network model performs exceptionally well in rapidly processing spectrum data handled by the sliding window method,achieving high-precision recognition of different nuclides while maintaining efficient learning. In terms of model performance,using sliding window sizes of 23 and 25 results in faster convergence and significantly improved recognition accuracy. This study highlights the effectiveness of integrating deep learning with nuclide spectral characteristics,providing a novel and efficient solution for nuclear material detection systems.
Key words: MobileNetV3; neural networks; sliding window; Hilbert; nuclide identification
Kaifa OU , Shumin ZHOU , Rui CHEN . A rapid identification method for nuclide spectra based on MobileNetV3[J]. World Nuclear Geoscience, 2025 , 42(1) : 203 -210 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.018
表1 MobileNetV3网络模型Table 1 MobileNetV3 network model |
| Input | Operator | exp size | #out | SE | NL | s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 322×1 | conv2d,3×3 | - | 16 | - | HS | 2 |
| 162×16 | bneck,3×3 | 72 | 24 | - | RE | 2 |
| 82×24 | bneck,3×3 | 72 | 24 | √ | RE | 1 |
| 82×24 | bneck,3×3 | 120 | 48 | √ | HS | 2 |
| 42×48 | bneck,3×3 | 144 | 48 | √ | HS | 1 |
| 42×48 | bneck,3×3 | 288 | 96 | √ | HS | 2 |
| 22×96 | bneck,1×1 | 576 | 96 | √ | HS | 1 |
| 22×96 | bneck,1×1 | 576 | 96 | √ | HS | 1 |
| 22×96 | conv2d,1×1 | - | 576 | √ | HS | 1 |
| 22×576 | pool,2×2 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| 12×576 | conv2d,1×1,BN | - | 1 024 | - | HS | 1 |
| 12×1 024 | conv2d,1×1,BN | - | k | - | - | 1 |
注:-—未使用;√—使用;k—类别数;RE—表示ReLU激活函数;HS—h-swish激活函数。 |
表2 评价指标Table 2 Multiple classification evaluation indicators |
| 指标名称 | 计算公式 |
|---|---|
| Macro-P | Macro-P=n-1·∑Pi(i=1,2,…,n) |
| Macro-R | Macro-R=n-1·∑Ri(i=1,2,…,n) |
| Macro-F1 | Macro-F1=(2×Macro-P×Macro-R)/(Macro-P+Macro-R) |
注:n—类别数。 |
图6 不同大小的滑动窗口在训练集上的评价指标结果Fig. 6 Evaluation index results of sliding windows of different sizes on training sets a—Macro-P;b—Macro-R;c—Macro-F1。 |
图7 不同大小的滑动窗口在验证集上的评价指标结果Fig. 7 Evaluation index results of sliding windows of different sizes on verification sets a—Macro-P;b—Macro-R;c—Macro-F1。 |
表3 不同大小的滑动窗口在验证集上的最优评价指标结果Table 3 Different sizes of sliding windows in the verification set of optimal evaluation index results |
| 窗口大小 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 19 | 21 | 23 | 25 | 27 | 29 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Macro-P | 0.983 | 0.987 | 0.993 | 0.991 | 0.984 | 0.995 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 0.995 |
| Macro-R | 0.983 | 0.987 | 0.993 | 0.991 | 0.984 | 0.995 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 0.995 |
| Macro-F1 | 0.983 | 0.987 | 0.993 | 0.991 | 0.984 | 0.995 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 0.995 |
表4 最优大小的滑动窗口在测试集的评价指标结果Table 4 The evaluation index results of the optimal size sliding window on the test set |
| 窗口大小 | acc | Macro-P | Macro-R | Macro-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 |
| 25 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 |
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