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    Environmental governance
  • Environmental governance
    Effect and Mechanism of Liming Materials Combined with Rice Husk Ash-Derived Silicon on Arsenic Uptake by Rice in Acidic Soils
    XIAO Xuanyu, YU Yunping, LIU Hua, ZHU Shihao, YANG Jingmin, WEI Wei, ZHOU Liang, WANG Xin, PENG Bo, QIN Qinbo
    2025, 48(6): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.001
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    A pot experiment with rice cultivation was conducted to investigate the effects and mechanisms of liming materials（m（quicklime）：m（dolomite）：m（limestone）=1:3:6）combined with rice husk ash-derived silicon（Si）on arsenic（As）uptake by rice in acidic soils.Three treatments were designed including a control （CK）,root application of rice husk ash combined with foliarSispraying at critical growth stages（R-S）,and the combination of liming materials with R-S（L-R-S）.The results showed that compared with CK,the L-R-S treatment significantly increased the pore waterSiconcentration by 58.3% ,enhanced theAssequestration in the root surface iron plaque（DCB-As content）by 21.7%,and reduced theAscontent in white roots by 19.4%.Furthermore,the translocation ability ofAsfrom roots to above-ground tissues decreased,ultimately leading to a 19% reduction in the inorganic As（i As）content in milled rice.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）analysis revealed that liming materials promoted the attack of OH- as a nucleophile toward the Si-O-Si bond,thus accelerating its cleavage followed by the formation of water-soluble silicic acid with increasing pH during flooding and thereby driving the efficient dissolution ofSifrom rice husk ash.The study demonstrates that the combined application of liming materials and rice husk ash effectively improve theSirelease efficiency of rice husk ash,and reduce the grainAsaccumulation by strengtheningAsretention in root surface iron plaque and competitively inhibitingAsuptake in roots. This strategy offers a practical approach for the safe production in acidic paddy soils.
  • Environmental governance
    Optimization of Mg-Modified Biochar-Based Fertilizer Preparation Using Response Surface Methodology and Study of Its Simultaneous Nutrient Slow-Release and Heavy Metal Immobilization Performance
    GAO Jiayong, BI Ran, ZHANG Ruiling, ZHANG Youjun, ZHANG Kezong, ZHENG Yue
    2025, 48(6): 10-18. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.002
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    This study aims to develop and optimize a novel biochar-based fertilizer composed of rice straw biochar loaded with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea solution,featuring high-performance nutrient slowrelease capability.Response surface methodology（RSM）was employed to optimize the fertilizer formulation for maximum nutrient loading at minimal cost.Fundamental physicochemical analyses and scanning electron microscope （SEM）images confirmed the successful attachment of phosphate and urea onto the porous structure of the biochar, significantly enhancing the nutrient loading capacity.The results of the pot experiment indicated that this fertilizer significantly increased the chlorophyll content in wheat.This study provides a reference for developing novel biochar-based fertilizers that combine yield-enhancing potential with reduced environmental risks.
  • Environmental governance
    Nitrogen Pollution Characteristics and Transport Pathways in Orchards of Southern Red Soil Hilly Region
    LEI Ming, ZHANG Dengdeng, LIU Hang, WANG Qingyu, TIAN Liang, YANG Yifan, LIU Yaojun
    2025, 48(6): 19-26. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.003
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    To investigate the impact of large-scale citrus cultivation on nitrogen pollution in the catchment, this study selected the Baishe catchment in Nanfeng,Jiangxi as the research area.Water samples from ponds,tributaries,and main streams were collected across different dry and wet seasons.Utilizing nitrogen isotope source analysis,the spatial-temporal distribution and source composition of nitrogen pollution were revealed,with key nodes in nitrogen transport processes being identified in the catchment.Results showed that the mean TN concentrations were higher in dry season（1.75±1.47mg/L）than wet season(1.38±0.60mg/L). NO3--N concentrations were elevated during wet season（0.16~2.55mg/L）,whereas those of NH4+-N were higher in dry season（0.05-3.76mg/L）.Nitrogen sources varied seasonally.In wet season,manure/sewage（38.2%）and nitrogen fertilizer（34.5%）domina-ted,followed by soil nitrogen（21.1%）.In dry season,manure/sewage（50.8%）accounted for the largest,with nitrogen fertilizer（26.6%）and soil nitrogen（18.0%）as secondary contributors.This study revealed that agricultural activities and hydrological connectivity severed as key driving forces for regulating the spatiotemporal differentiation of nitrogen.This led to the formation of critical nitrogen transport nodes during wet season,primarily located in downstream tributaries and pond systems near citrus orchards,where nitrogen sources were manure/sewage and nitrogen fertilizer.In contrast,paddy fields near the main stream were the most polluted nodes in dry season,with manure/sewage as the main nitrogen source.To mitigate the nitrogen pollution,corresponding nitrogen control strategies were proposed.Identification of the variation in nitrogen pollution processes provides a scientific basis for the development of large-scale orchards and the effective control of non-point source pollution in the catchment.
  • Environmental governance
    Effects of Different Soil Textures on Maize Yield and Water Use Efficiency
    ZHAO Tianxu, DING Jinli
    2025, 48(6): 27-34. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.004
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    To analyze soil water storage and moisture retention effects of different soil textures and their impacts on crop yield,this study used field experiment data in 2023 and 2024 to examine the differences in soil bulk weight,soil porosity,saturated hydraulic conductivity,and field capacity of silty loam,silty sand,and sandy loam at soil depths of [0,20],(20,40],(40,60],(60,80],and (80,100]cm.The characteristics of soil water content,water storage,and water consumption in the 0-100cm soil layer were investigated to clarify the effects of these three soil types on maize yield and water use efficiency（WUE）.The results showed that the sandy loam had lower average soil bulk density and field water-holding capacity but higher soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 0-100cm soil layer as compared with the other two soil types.Over two years,the average water content and water storage in the 0-100cm soil layer decreased in the order of silty loam,silty sand,and sandy loam at maize seedling,jointing,and flowering stages.In addition,the three soil textures had no significant effect on the maize plant height,ear position,and leaf number（P>0.5）.However,compared with sandy loam,silty loam and silty sand treatments increased maize yield for two consecutive years,with silty loam and silty sand boosting yields by 24.9% and 13.6%,respectively,in 2023.The water use efficiency of the three soil textures over two years decreased in the order of silty loam,silty sand,and sandy loam.In conclusion,silty loam significantly outperformed silty sand and sandy loam in the soil water storage and moisture retention as well as the increment of maize yield.
  • Environmental governance
    Study on Thresholds of Eco-Geological Indicators for Plant Habitat Reconstruction in Greening Restoration of High-Steep Rocky Slopes in Western China： Taking Xiaowanzi Quarry in Pingliang City as an Example
    WAN Chaodong, ZHENG Simiao, SONG Tao, DANG Yujing, NING Libo, ZHANG Chizhen
    2025, 48(6): 35-41. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.005
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    To conduct ecological restoration on high-steep rocky slopes in western China,this study takes the Xiaowanzi Quarry in Pingliang city as an example to prove that the plant habitat reconstruction technology is feasible for the ecological restoration of such slopes in the region.Field surveys and sample tests show that the eco-geological indicators and their thresholds are as follows.（1）The rock mass fracture rate around approximately 2%;（2）The depth of planting holes is greater than or equal to 70 cm;（3）The habitat temperature ranging from 3 to 33°C; （4）The planting density of about 2 plants /m2;（5）The soil fertility indicators of organic matter 25mg/g,total salt content 1.0mg/g,alkaline nitrogen 60μ g/g,available phosphorus 15μ g/g,and available potassium 150μ g/g.These can serve as technical parameters for the greening restoration of rocky slopes in western China.
    • Resources
  • Resources
    Research Progress and Prospects of Major Function-Oriented Zones in China
    LIU Hui, ZHOU Guohua, YU Xuexia, WANG Hua
    2025, 48(6): 42-50. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.006
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    The major function-oriented zones（MFOZs）strategy is one of the important approaches for advancing Chinese-style modernization and achieving high-quality development.A comprehensive review of the research progress and clarification of the development context of MFOZs will deepen scientific understanding of MFOZs and provide a foundation for subsequent studies and practice.Existing research has unfolded along the evolutionary trajectory for the concept of MFOZs,which can be categorized into two phases：a rapid development stage and a deepening adjustment stage.The research is guided by the key priorities of each stage and covers various aspects such as concept analysis,practical pathways,methodological frameworks,and systems of supervision and evaluation,forming a multi-dimensional and multi-scale research framework.Going forward,it is essential to foster innovation and breakthroughs in the theoretical framework,monitoring and evaluation mechanisms,and the adjustment and optimization of MFOZs in the new era.By integrating the three geographical nature theories,the driving force for regional development should be enhanced,and the integration and interaction of MFOZs across different spatial scales should be promoted.In addition,the convergence of key strategies for MFOZs such as regional coordinated development,major regional development,and new urbanization should be connected and integrated,thereby supporting the in-depth implementation and advancement of the MFOZs strategy in the evolving development stage.
  • Resources
    Evolution of the Ecological-Production-Living Spaces in Typical Nature Reserves and Its Response to Landscape Patterns： A Case Study of the Nanyue Hengshan National Nature Reserve
    WANG Xuan, TANG Kai, LI Xia, WANG Zhao
    2025, 48(6): 51-58. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.007
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    Nature reserves are mosaics of ecological,production,and living spaces,forming a natural-economic-social complex ecosystem.It is of great significance to study the evolution of these three types of spaces and its response to the landscape patterns of natural reserves.Based on land use data in 2014,2017,2020,and 2023,this paper used the land use transfer matrices and landscape pattern analysis methods to study the spatial evolution of these three types of spaces and its impact on landscape patterns in the Nanyue Hengshan National Nature Reserve.The results show as follows.（1）From 2014 to 2023,the forest ecological space in the area increased significantly,with the most prominent growth in the core and buffer zones;while the agricultural production space decreased the most,and other types of spaces shrank to varying degrees.（2）From the perspective of transformation relationship,the forest ecological space was the core space for the transformation of these three types of spaces,and the mutual transformation between the forest ecological space and the agricultural production space as well as the rural living space was the most obvious,showing a fragmented and scattered distribution.（3）The spatial evolution of these three types of spaces caused changes in landscape pattern response.At the regional level,the largest patch index（LPI）and the contagion index（CONTAG）both showed an upward trend,and the agglomeration degree of various patches increased.The Shannon diversity index（SHEI）showed a decreasing trend,indicating a decrease in the landscape heterogeneity of these three types of spaces in the region.（4）At the type level,the agglomeration and ecological connectivity of forest ecological space increased.The fragmentation trend of agricultural and industrial production spaces was obvious.The shape of urban living land patches was gradually becoming more regular,while the rural living space had not shown patch expansion and was generally becoming more fragmented.
  • Resources
    Spatio-temporal Heterogeneity Analysis of Non-grain Cultivated Land in Wuling Mountainous Area Based on GTWR Model
    ZHOU Kaichun, LI Chaomin, ZHU Lili, CHEN Junzhu, XIE Binggeng
    2025, 48(6): 59-69. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.008
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    This study aims to accurately identify the spatial differentiation characteristics,migration trends, and driving factors of non-grain cultivated land（NGCL）in the Wuling Mountainous area,which is of great significance for the governance of NGCL.Using spatial autocorrelation,gravity center migration,and spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression（GTWR）,we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of NGCL in the Wuling Mountainous area from 2000 to 2020.Results are as follows.（1）In terms of quantity,the average NGCL rate rose from 33.82% to 47.74% ,with the NGCL area expanding from 1.84 to 2.35km2.The number of counties with high or severe NGCL increased from 8 to 40.（2）In terms of spatiotemporal distribution characteristics,the NGCL rate was high in the central-southern regions and low in the northern regions,with a weakening spa tial clustering trend;whereas the NGCL area showed a spatial distribution pattern of low in the central-southern regions but high in the eastwest and northern regions,with a strengthened spatial clustering trend.The gravity center of NGCL shifted overall to the northwest.（3）Rural per capita income and average plot size were the core driving factors of NGCL.The driving influence of natural factors（such as elevation,slope,and precipitation）on NGCL declined,while the driving effects of aging,land productivity,rural population,and income relatively increased.The level of NGCL in the Wuling Mountainous area rose markedly over the studied period,with significant spatial differentiation characteristics.The western and northern mountainous high-altitude areas contributed more prominently to the increase in non-grainization levels,while socio-economic factors such as economic returns and labor conditions became more influential in NGCL.
    • Green Development
  • Green Development
    Research on the Measurement and Driving Mechanisms of Red Tourism Development Levels
    YUAN Jia, ZHU Hong, ZHOU Yucheng, ZHANG Ke
    2025, 48(6): 70-78. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.009
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    To promote the high-quality development of red tourism and narrow regional development disparities,this study constructs a theoretical framework and evaluation index system for high-quality red tourism development based on the new development philosophy.The entropy-weight TOPSIS method was applied to comprehensively measure the development levels of red tourism across different regions,while multiple regression analysis was employed to identify its influencing factors.The results show that China's red tourism exhibits a significant regional imbalance,with the eastern and central regions performing notably better than the western and northeastern regions. Moreover,economic development level,public budget level,social consumption level,government attention,and the density of red cultural heritage have significant positive effects on the high-quality development of red tourism. The study provides empirical evidence and policy implications for optimizing regional coordination mechanisms and advancing the high-quality development of red tourism.
  • Green Development
    Characteristics of the Spatial Distribution of Folkloric Intangible Cultural Heritage and Its Influencing Factors
    YANG Lan, ZENG Can, LI Bohua, HUANG Ge
    2025, 48(6): 79-88. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.010
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    Intangible cultural heritage（ICh）in the category of folklore is one of the ten major categories of intangible heritage,with a total of 492 items,accounting for 13.6% of the total number of intangible cultural heritage in all categories at the national level（3610 items）.This paper analyzes and researches the distribution characteristics of folkloric intangible cultural heritage,so that the state can implement centralized and unified protection in a more targeted way,and at the same time explore in depth the research of folkloric intangible cultural heritage in the surrounding area as well as the influencing factors of the distribution in this area.With the help of ArcGIS 10.8 spatial statistical tools,the spatial distribution characteristics and overall pattern of traditional folk intangible cultural heritage were analyzed.The results show that the distribution of traditional folklore ICH is significantly clustered;from the viewpoint of provinces and administrative regions,Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces are the highdensity circles expanding to the surrounding provinces.From the viewpoint of the four major geographic divisions, except for Qinghai-Tibet,all of them have obvious clustering distribution status.Finally,with regard to the distribution characteristics of the intangible cultural heritage of traditional folklore,we analyze the influencing factors of such distribution from the perspective of the combination of natural and human factors,as well as discussing the direction of future research and development.
  • Green Development
    The Synergistic Relationship between Scientific and Technological Innovation, Tourism Development and Economic Resilience Based on EDAS Model： Taking Shandong Province as an Example
    LI Shuhao, ZHANG Yuhang, YANG Youbao, FU Tianyu
    2025, 48(6): 89-98. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.011
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    Based on the analysis of the coupling mechanism of scientific and technological innovation,tourism development,and economic resilience,this study utilized the evaluation based on dictance from average solution （EDAS）model to assess the performance levels of 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong province from 2012 to 2022 in the aforementioned three aspects.Subsequently,the coupling coordination degree model was employed to measure the synergy index among them（abbreviated as the"STE"synergy index below）,and analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the synergy relationship and the relative lag subsystem for each city.The findings are as follows.（1）From a temporal evolution perspective,the STE synergy index of Shandong province maintained stable growth before 2019,achieving an overall transition from near dislocation to primary coordination.Despite fluctuations in 2019,the overall STE synergy index managed to sustain its primary coordination level.（2）From a spatial distribution perspective,significant inter-city variations exist in the STE synergy index across Shandong province, delineating a"dual-core,multi-center"spatial pattern with Qingdao and Jinan at its core.The STE synergy index shows a higher overall level in the Jiaodong Economic Circle,a lower overall level in the Lunan Economic Circle, and Jinan stands out as dominant in the Provincial Capital Economic Circle.（3）Before 2019,the technology innovation subsystem lagged behind in the STE synergy index across most prefecture-level cities in Shandong province. After 2019,tourism development became the predominant lagging subsystem in the STE synergy index for most prefecture-level cities.
  • Green Development
    Research on the Spatio-temporal Evolution of Regional Population Shrinkage and Its Influencing Factors in the Three Northeastern Provinces
    ZHANG Shuai, JIN Zhenxing, WANG Chengxin
    2025, 48(6): 99-108. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.012
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    Based on the data from the fifth,sixth and seventh national censuses,this paper comprehensively employs the contraction degree model,grey correlation analysis and other methods to explore the current situation, structure and influencing factors of population contraction in different scale regions of the three northeastern provinces.The results are as follows.（1）During the research period,the number and degree of population contraction areas at the prefectural and county levels in the three northeastern provinces have increased significantly.Among the county-level administrative units,the proportion and degree of population contraction in municipal districts are rela-tively light,followed by county-level cities and counties.（2）The spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of population contraction in the three northeastern provinces are significant.With the passage of time,the population contraction areas at different scales have shown a trend of expansion and spread in space.（3）From the perspective of population structure,the aging trend of the population in the three northeastern provinces has intensified,the proportion of highly educated people has increased significantly,and the labor force has gradually shifted from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries.（4）The main influencing factors of population contraction in the three northeastern provinces are the levels of medical care,education and transportation.At the same time,resource depletion,the suction effect and policy regulation are also important factors leading to population contraction in the region.
    • Fundamental Research
  • Fundamental Research
    Study on In-situ Growth of NH4NiPO4 on Acid-Etched Foam Nickel and Its Hydrogen Evolution Performance
    SHEN Miao, WANG Zhiyu, SHEN Ping, XIAO Peiyao, YANG Chunming
    2025, 48(6): 109-116. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.013
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    Using nickel foam（NF）as both substrate and nickel（Ni）source,nickel-based phosphate was synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method with acid-etched NF.The compositions,microstructures,and elemental valence states of the as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.Effects of different acidic etchants on the hydrogen evolution reaction（HER）performance of the prepared electrocatalysts in a 1mol/LKOH alkaline electrolyte were systematically investigated.Results showed that the electrocatalyst NH4NiPO4@NF,hydrothermally synthesized after nitric acid（HNO3）etching of NF ,exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance with achieving an overpotential of 141 mV at a current density of 100A/m2 and a Tafel slope of 40mV/dec.Moreover,the overpotential remained nearly unchanged after 3000 cyclic voltammetry cycles.
  • Fundamental Research
    Vibration Solution of Beam under Impact Based on Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory
    WU Xiao, XIAO Zhen
    2025, 48(6): 117-124. https://doi.org/10.7612/j.issn.2096-5281.2025.06.014
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    The impact of heavy objects on beams was studied with the theory of high order shear deformation. The deflection equation of a beam was substituted into the vibration equation as the first-order mode function,and the vibration solution of the beam under impact was derived by using the singular function and Galerkin principle. And the calculation method of the impact of heavy objects on the beam in the dynamic load problem of the material mechanics textbook was discussed and analyzed.It provides a high-precision calculation method for the impact of heavy objects on the beam.The results show that even the shear deformation and the moment of inertia of the thin beam will have a great influence on the calculation of the maximum bending stress and the maximum bending deflection of the beam.