为分析不同质地的土壤蓄水保墒的效果及对作物产量的影响,本文基于 2023 和 2024 年的田间试验数据,分析粉砂壤土、粉砂土和砂质壤土深度为 [0,20],(20,40],(40,60],(60,80] 和 (80,100]cm的容重、孔隙度、饱和导水率和田间持水量的差异,研究 3 种土壤在 0~100cm深度下土壤含水量、贮水量和耗水量特征,阐明粉砂壤土、粉砂土和砂质壤土对玉米产量及水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。研究结果表明,在 0~100cm深度下,砂质壤土较其他两种土壤的平均容重和田间持水量下降,但土壤孔隙度和饱和导水率提高了。连续 2 年在玉米苗期、拔节期和扬花期, 0~100cm深度的土层平均含水量和贮水量均从高到低表现为粉砂壤土、粉砂土、砂质壤土。此外,粉砂壤土、粉砂土和砂质壤土对玉米株高、穗位和叶片数无显著影响（P>0.5）,但与砂质壤土相比,粉砂壤土和粉砂土处理连续 2 年提高了玉米产量,其中 2023 年粉砂壤土和粉砂土分别提高玉米产量24.9%和13.6%。连续 2 年 3 种土壤水分利用效率从高到低表现为粉砂壤土、粉砂土、砂质壤土。综上,粉砂壤土的蓄水保墒及增产效果显著优于粉砂土和砂质壤土。
To analyze soil water storage and moisture retention effects of different soil textures and their impacts on crop yield,this study used field experiment data in 2023 and 2024 to examine the differences in soil bulk weight,soil porosity,saturated hydraulic conductivity,and field capacity of silty loam,silty sand,and sandy loam at soil depths of [0,20],(20,40],(40,60],(60,80],and (80,100]cm.The characteristics of soil water content,water storage,and water consumption in the 0-100cm soil layer were investigated to clarify the effects of these three soil types on maize yield and water use efficiency（WUE）.The results showed that the sandy loam had lower average soil bulk density and field water-holding capacity but higher soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 0-100cm soil layer as compared with the other two soil types.Over two years,the average water content and water storage in the 0-100cm soil layer decreased in the order of silty loam,silty sand,and sandy loam at maize seedling,jointing,and flowering stages.In addition,the three soil textures had no significant effect on the maize plant height,ear position,and leaf number（P>0.5）.However,compared with sandy loam,silty loam and silty sand treatments increased maize yield for two consecutive years,with silty loam and silty sand boosting yields by 24.9% and 13.6%,respectively,in 2023.The water use efficiency of the three soil textures over two years decreased in the order of silty loam,silty sand,and sandy loam.In conclusion,silty loam significantly outperformed silty sand and sandy loam in the soil water storage and moisture retention as well as the increment of maize yield.
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