Rubber antioxidants p-phenylenediamines（PPDs）and their quinone derivatives（PPDQs）, as a class of new pollutants,have been widely detected in various environmental media and have gar-nered significant attention due to their acute toxicity to aquatic organisms．Studies have shown that PP-Ds and PPDQs can bioaccumulate and undergo metabolism in plants,animals,and humans,ultimately posing risks to ecosystems and human health．However,research on their biotransformation remains scarce．This review systematically summarizes the current pollution status of PPDs and PPDQs in the at-mosphere,water bodies,soil,and biota．It particularly focuses on summarizing their biotransformation pathways,metabolites and enzymatic mechanisms within fish,rats/mice,and humans．The biotransfor-mation of PPDs and PPDQs primarily involves Phase I metabolism catalyzed by cytochrome P450 en-zymes（such as hydroxylation,N-dealkylation,dehydrogenation）,followed by Phase II metabolism in-volving conjugation reactions with endogenous molecules．This review provides scientific basis for a dee-per understanding of the environmental fate and ecological/health risks associated with PPDs and PP-DQs．

Studies on the relationship between topsoil pollen assemblages and modern vegetation have an invaluable role in historical plant re-establishment and ancient environment reconstruction．On the basis of this,this study summarizes the hot frontiers and trends of topsoil pollen research in southern China,comparatively analyzes the characteristics of topsoil pollen assemblages in the three provinces of southern China as well as the application areas of topsoil pollen research in southern China and draws the following conclusions：1）The earliest article of CNKI on the study of topsoil pollen in southern Chi-na appeared in 1978,with a general upward trend in the number of articles published;the earliest arti-cle of WOS appeared in 2001．2）In the literature of CNKI,we mainly focus on the study of the rela-tionship between pollen and paleoclimate and the relationship between pollen and human activities;In the literature of WOS,we focus on the correspondence between surface sediments and vegetation,and the response of topsoil pollen to climate change．3）A comparison of the topsoil pollen samples from the three provinces of southern China revealed that the percentage pollen content of conifers was highest in Guangxi（62.5%）,while the percentage pollen content of broad-leaved trees and shrubs was highest in the samples from Hainan,with an average as high as 73.7%．The percentage of pollen content of her-baceous species was the highest in the samples from Guangdong,with an average of 60.2%．The mean value of the percentage of ferns spores in the three provinces ranged from 15.5% to 35.5%．

In order to explore the ecological health status of plateau rivers in Guiyang City,sampling surveys were carried out on three rivers,namely Xiaoche River Songxi River and Jinzhong River,in A-pril and August 2022．The results showed that：A total of 29 genera and species were collected,belong-ing to 4 phyla, 7 classes and 26 families．Among them aquatic insects were the main group（a total of 15 genera and species were recorded）accounting for 51.72%．A total of 8 genera and species of in-sects from the orders Ephemeroptera,Plecoptera,and Trichoptera were collected,accounting for 27.59%．There were 17 genera and species of arthropods,accounting for 58.62%,and 8 genera and species of mollusks,accounting for 27.59%．The water quality results showed that the overall total phosphorus level was at or above Class II water quality,with only very few sampling points registering Class III water quality．Among them,the water quality of Jinzhong River was basically at Class III or a-bove．The evaluation results of permanganate index and dissolved oxygen showed that the water quality at all sampling points was at Class II or above．In the evaluation results of ammonia nitrogen the water quality at a few sampling points was Class I,and the water quality at the sampling points of Jinzhong River was Class IV and Class V．The ecological health status of the three rivers was evaluated by calcu-lating the Shannon-wiener diversity index（H）,Margalef species richness index（D）,Pielou evenness index（J）,and the Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System（BMWP index）．The results showed that the results obtained from the three biodiversity indices were basically consistent,and the three rivers were all in a slightly polluted state;The evaluation results of the BMWP index were slightly worse than those of the diversity indices．The three rivers were at a medium-to-light pollution level．A-mong them,the sampling section of Xiaoche River at Shizhuang Village was classified as heavily pollu-ted the ecological health status of the three rivers was in a sub-healthy to healthy state．

This study systematically elucidates the diversity characteristics of macrofungi in the karst regions of Guizhou,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan by integrating classical taxonomy with molecular phylogenetic analysis a total of 1513 species of macrofungi were identified,belonging to 2 phyla, 10 classes, 26 orders, 111 families,and 378 genera．Among these, 118 species are endemic species in China, 361 species are edible fungi, 252 species are medicinal fungi,and 203 species are poisonous fungi．Macrofungi with direct economic value account for 53.93% of the total macrofungal species in the region．According to statistical analysis,there are 40 dominant families in this area,com-prising 1294 species,including Russulaceae,Polyporaceae,Boletaceae,Agaricaceae and Amanitaceae． Additionally, 74 dominant genera were identified,comprising 1001 species,such as Russula,Amanita, Lactarius,Agaricus,Boletus,Marasmius,and Ganoderma．Furthermore,the study demonstrates that the distribution of macrofungi is predominantly driven by three key dimensions：altitudinal gradients,vege-tation types and soil properties,highlighting a significant correlation between community assembly and geomorphological types as well as habitat heterogeneity．It systematically analyzes the species composi-tion and distribution patterns of macrofungi in typical karst regions,elucidating the coupled mechanisms of "environmental factors-functional groups-resource value"．These findings provide a theoretical foun-dation for the conservation and sustainable utilization of biological resources in karst ecosystems．

As a sustainable fertilization strategy,the partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with or-ganic materials（PSCFOM）influences soil organic carbon（SOC）dynamics and microbial community structure by modifying nutrient inputs．SOC is a critical indicator of soil fertility and ecosystem stabili-ty．Microbial communities,which play a central role in the soil carbon cycle,directly affect the transfor-mation and sequestration of organic carbon by altering their community structure．This strategy plays an essential role in enhancing soil carbon sequestration and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions．This pa-per systematically reviews the effects of PSCFOM on SOC sequestration and microbial communities,in-cluding their composition,diversity and functional attributes and further examines the mechanisms that govern their interactions．The key findings indicate that the effectiveness of PSCFOM in improving SOC sequestration is shaped by multiple factors,such as the type of organic material substitution rate,land-use category,climate conditions,and management practices．Furthermore,PSCFOM substantially re-shapes microbial community structure and modifies the contribution of microbial necromass to the SOC pool．Future studies should integrate multi-omics approaches and ¹³C isotope tracing techniques to clari-fy the mechanisms that drive carbon sequestration and microbial responses．At the same time,optimizing substitution rates and conducting in-depth analyses of differential responses across various soil types are essential for establishing broadly applicable principles．This review provides a theoretical basis for refi-ning PSCFOM strategies,enhancing soil carbon sequestration potential and promoting sustainable agri-cultural development,thereby offering practical value for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals in farmland systems．

The microbial diversity in shrimp paste from Guizhou was investigated by using Illumina MiSeq hight-throughput sequencing,while lactobacilli strains in samples were isolated by using tradition-al pure culture methods．The results showed that the predominant bacterial phyla in shrimp paste were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria．At the genus level,Ligilactobacillus,Pantoea,Lactiplantibacillus,and Ochrobactrum were identified as the dominant genera,with Ligilactobacillus exhibiting the highest rela-tive abundance averaging 78.6%．In terms of fungal composition,the shrimp paste was primarily com-posed of the phylum Ascomycota,with Issatchenkia,Monascus,and Pichia emerging as the dominant genera．Issatchenkia demonstrated the highest average relative abundance at 54.8%．The functions of microorganisms present in shrimp paste were predicted,revealing that bacterial functions predominantly involve the metabolism of various substances,while fungal functions are primarily associated with sapro-phytic nutrition．Three strains of Enterococcus thailandicus and one strain of Enterococcus pseudoavium were isolated from the samples and identified by using morphological and molecular biological tech-niques．This study provides a theoretical foundation for the exploration of microbial resources and the optimization of the fermentation process in shrimp paste．

To gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of phytoplankton communities in tropi-cal reservoirs,we compared the community structure and environmental responses of phytoplankton in tropical reservoirs by using three functional classification approaches：Functional Groups（FG）,Mor-phological-Based Functional Groups（MFG）and Morphology-Based Functional Groups（MBFG）．Phy-toplankton and environmental variables were sampled and measured monthly from January to December 2023 in two tropical reservoirs（A and B）and then were investigated by multivariate statistical analy-ses．Although both reservoirs shared the same feeding water and a common species pool they exhibited pronounced differences in nutrient concentrations（nitrogen and phosphorus）and hydrodynamic char-acteristics（water depth and transparency）．In total,124 phytoplankton species in reservoir A were classified into 24 FG 23 MFG and 7 MBFG groups,while 117 species in reservoir B were assigned to 22 FG, 22 MFG and 7 MBFG groups．The community structure of reservoir A was characterized as a di-atom-cyanobacteria type,whereas reservoir B was characterized as a diatom-cyanobacteria-green algae type．Redundancy analysis and stepwise regression identified temperature（T）,total phosphorus（TP）, dissolved oxygen（DO）and transparency（SD）as the key drivers of seasonal variation in phytoplankton structure in reservoir A,while temperature（T）,nitrate（NO3-）,and transparency（SD）were most influ-ential in reservoir B．Compared to the MBFG and MFG approaches,the FG approach was the most ef-fective in capturing the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton communities in response to environmental variability in tropical reservoirs．

Key functional microorganisms in soil are crucial drivers of nutrient cycling in vegetation restoration and serve as important indicators for assessing soil fertility and plant productivity．Biological nitrogen fixation mediated by diazotroph is a key pathway to alleviate nitrogen limitations in ecosys-tems and its diversity and community composition are influenced by soil nutrients such as organic car-bon and nitrogen availability．Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）promote nutrient supply（e．g．, phosphorus）through symbiotic relationships with host plants,contributing to soil nitrogen fixation and vegetation recovery．The cooperative relationship between diazotroph and AMF plays a significant role in nitrogen accumulation in the soil,particularly in fragile karst ecosystems．However,the unique geolog-ical background and high exchange calcium high pH soil conditions in karst regions create uncertain-ties in the regulation of diazotroph and AMF during vegetation recovery．Therefore,systematically eluci-dating the abundance,diversity,community composition,and interactions of diazotroph and AMF in karst soils will help maintain and enhance the ecosystem services in this region．This paper briefly de-scribes the diversity and community composition characteristics of diazotroph and AMF in karst areas, as well as their influencing factors．It reviews and summarizes relevant research on the cooperative rela-tionships between diazotroph and AMF,highlighting existing issues．Additionally,it explores the poten-tial functional roles of diazotroph and AMF in the vegetation recovery process in karst regions．The aim is to lay a foundation for selecting dominant functional groups of diazotroph and AMF and regulating their interactions to enhance nutrient supply,while also providing scientific basis for optimizing manage-ment and sustainability strategies for restoring degraded ecosystems．

Microplastics are currently widely distributed in karst soil environments and can adsorb heavy metals and other pollutants to form composite contamination．However,their mechanisms of ac-tion and primary driving factors remain unclear．This study investigates the influence of polyethylene （PE）on the adsorption process of cadmium（Cd²⁺）in soil media and its behavioral mechanisms un-der different environmental conditions,using karst yellow soil and calcareous soil as research subjects． Results indicated that the kinetic adsorption model and isotherm model for Cd²⁺ in PE-amended soils conform to pseudo-second-order adsorption and Langmuir adsorption,respectively．The Cd²⁺ adsorp-tion capacity of PE-amended soils was consistently lower than that of pure soils．Through experiments varying temperature, pH,humic substances（furanic acid）,and electrolytes（potassium sulfate）,it was found that increased temperature,decreased pH,and elevated furanic acid electrolyte concentra-tions significantly enhanced Cd²⁺ adsorption．Furthermore,the correlation coefficient R² fit was superi-or in the PE-amended treatment group compared to pure soil．The presence of PE significantly influ-enced the adsorption-desorption behavior of Cd²⁺ yellow soil and calcareous soil in karst region,while environmental factors such as temperature, pH,humic substances,and electrolytes affected the ad-sorption mechanism．

This study utilizes annual water quality monitoring data from six monitoring cross-sections in Taihu Lake Basin of Wuxi City for the year 2023．Five key influencing factors-dissolved oxygen,per-manganate index ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus and total nitrogen-were selected as water quali-ty evaluation indicators．The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was employed to analyze the sur-face water quality status,while a random forest model was constructed based on the five water quality indicators to achieve classification prediction of the water quality of Taihu Lake．The results indicate that the water quality of the six cross-sections shows a clear monthly variation trend,which can reflect the overall water environment status．Compared with other commonly used classification methods,the random forest model constructed in this study achieveds the highest classification accuracy for both the six cross-sections and the overall dataset,with an average accuracy of 97.6%．The results are signifi-cant and can provide a scientific basis for the management and treatment of surface water quality in Taihu Lake Basin of Wuxi City．

Starting from the economic social spatial and ecological environment subsystems the entro-py value-TOPSIS model,trend surface analysis,geodetector and other methods are comprehensively used to explore the spatial-temporal evolution of the urban-rural integration level and the driving factors of Central Guizhou urban agglomeration from 2010 to 2020．The results show that：1）From 2010 to 2020,the level of urban-rural social integration in Central Guizhou urban agglomeration has increased rapidly the level of spatial and ecological integration has declined and economic integration has always been at a low level．2）High-value areas of urban and rural economic integration are concentrated in Guiyang and Zunyi municipal districts,and low-value areas are mainly distributed in Wumeng Mountains and Miao Mountains;Social integration shows a spatial pattern of "high in the east and low in the west" and there is a certain amount of spatial overlap between low-value areas and low-value ar-eas of economic integration;And there are significant changes in spatial and ecological integration and geographic differentiation．3）The level of urban-rural integration,coupling and coordination in Central Guizhou urban agglomeration from 2010 to 2020 has been significantly improved,but the overall level is low,with widening differences between counties and prominent uneven development．4）The level of ur-ban-rural integration coupling and coordination is spatially polarized with Guiyang as the center,with obvious high-value locking characteristics．5）The level of urbanization,transportation accessibility,ur-ban-rural income gap and per capita fixed asset investment are the core driving factors affecting the ur-ban-rural integration and coordinated development of Central Guizhou urban agglomeration and show obvious spatial heterogeneity and with the passage of time,the level of openness to the outside world and the influence of population mobility increases potentially,and the threshold effect of the govern-ment＇s behavior and the effectiveness of the investment becomes apparent．

Based on the analysis of the mechanism of the coupling coordination between new urbaniza-tion and rural revitalization the evaluation index system of new urbanization and rural revitalization is constructed．The data collected from 58 sample cities of 7 urban agglomerations in Yellow River Basin from 2012 to 2021 are used．The methodology,including the comprehensive index method,coupling co-ordination model and spatial autocorrelation analysis,is employed to explore the spatiotemporal evolu-tion characteristics of the coupling coordination development of new urbanization and rural revitalization in Yellow River Basin urban agglomeration．Further,the spatial Markov chain is introduced to predict the coupling coordination status of the two subsystems．The study findings are as follows：1）During the research period,both the new urbanization index and the rural revitalization index of Yellow River Ba-sin urban agglomeration show an upward trend．However,the indices of the two subsystems in the upper reaches urban agglomerations are relatively low,indicating a significant gap compared to those in the middle and lower reaches urban agglomerations．2）During the research period the coupling coordina-tion degree of the two subsystems in Yellow River Basin urban agglomeration exhibit a fluctuating up-ward trend,with significant differences observed among the upper,middle and lower reaches．The cou-pling coordination degree demonstrates a spatial differentiation pattern characterized by a gradient de-crease from east to west along with a notable spatial positive correlation．Specifically,there are two lo-cal agglomeration areas＂low-low＂and＂high-high＂,while＂high-low＂and＂low-high＂agglomeration areas are sporadically distributed．3）Considering spatial correlation conditions,there is a greater proba-bility that the coupling coordination level of new urbanization and rural revitalization in Yellow River Basin urban agglomeration will maintain its state unchanged,indicating a certain degree of club conver-gence phenomenon and the probability transfer of the coupling coordination level of each city within the urban agglomeration is highly related to the coupling coordination level of surrounding cities．

Using sodium alginate as the embedding material and activated carbon as the additive to fix chlorella,the quality changes of the water samples were analyzed by setting room temperature control group（A）,room temperature chlorella group（B）,temperature-controlled control group（C）and tem-perature-controlled chlorella group（D）．16SrRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the effects of immobilized chlorella colloidal spheres on the composition,diversity and function of phytoplankton communities in water samples．The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the four treated water samples of Jialing River tributaries were significantly different（P<0.05）and the removal effects of nitrogen and phosphorus were D>B>C>A;The dominant bacteria phyla of the plankton in the eutrophic waters of Jialingjiang River were proteobacteria,bacteroidetes,cyanobacteria, actinobacteria and blastomonas,among which proteobacteria was the most dominant bacteria group,fol-lowed by bacteroidetes and actinobacteria．The relative abundance of cyanobacteria increased signifi-cantly due to B and D treatments．There were significant differences in the diversity of plankton bacteri-al communities in the eutrophic waters of Jialing River in the four treatments (P<0.05),and the Shonnon index and Chaol index were A>B>D>C;The phytoplankton community mainly involves four primary metabolic functions：Metabolism,genetic information processing,environmental information processing and cell process．There were significant changes in the function of 13 types of genes,inclu-ding global and summary maps,carbohydrate metabolism,amino acid metabolism,coenzyme vitamin metabolism and energy metabolism among the 4 treatments (P<0.05)．Dissolved oxygen, pH,total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial communities in tributaries of Jialing River．The immobilized chlorella can effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus from eutrophication water and has a certain inhibitory effect on plankton bacteria．

Based on the panel data of 18 cities in Yellow River Ji-shaped bend metropolitan from 2011 to 2023,the undesirable output super-efficiency SBM model and entropy weight method were adopted to analyze the ecological efficiency and industrial structure upgrading,on this basis coupling coordination model was used for the coupling relationship between ecological efficiency and industrial structure up-grading,then in the framework of distributed dynamics,the types of coupling coordination and the pro-motion path were identified and discussed．The results show that：The overall ecological efficiency is not optimal in Yellow River Ji-shaped bend metropolitan,but the ecological environment continues to im-prove and the spatial distribution pattern is＂high in the middle and low around the middle＂;The up-grading level of industrial structure is low,the spatial distribution pattern is "low inside and high out-side";The coupling coordination between ecological efficiency and industrial structure upgrading is at the primary coordination level and the insufficient upgrading of industrial structure is the key factor in-hibiting the improvement of coupling coordination level;According to the actual situation,cities need to focus on optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure under the premise of ensuring ecological effi-ciency and focus on the development of "double low" type cities．The research results can provide sci-entific reference for the high-quality coordinated development of economy and ecology in Yellow River Ji-shaped bend metropolitan,and have important significance for promoting the high-quality develop-ment of the Yellow River basin and regional sustainable development．

To explore the spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals and their influencing fac-tors,the concentrations of 8 heavy metals in dissolved water and 8 heavy metals in suspended particles in different seasons of Poyang Lake water were monitored．The results showed that the range of dissolved Cd、As、Pb、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn and Mn in Poyang Lake water were 8.96~169.91、0.59~154.14、1.22~16.37、0.22~10.42、0.21~8.31、0.30~3.63、0.01~0.42、0.01~0.97 μg/L,respectively,all of them meet the national Class II water quality standards．In terms of seasonal variation,the concentra-tions of dissolved Cd, Pb and Mn in water were higher in winter than those of in summer．The concen-trations of As and Ni were higher in summer than those of in winter．The concentrations of Co, Cu and Zn did not change significantly in winter and summer．However,except Mn,Cd, As, Pb, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn in the suspended particles were characterized by higher contents in spring．In terms of spatial distri-bution,except for dissolved As in water,the heavy metals in dissolved and suspended particles in the main lake area in the south were higher than those in the river channel in the north．The concentrations of eight heavy metals in the suspended particles and the solid-liquid partition coefficient were signifi-cantly correlated with the content of suspended particl,this results showed that the heavy metal content of suspended particles was affected by the effect of heavy metal adsorption on sediment．There was no significant correlation between the concentration of dissolved heavy metals and the content of suspended particles,indicating that the adsorption of suspended particles was not an important factor affecting the content of dissolved heavy metals in water．