Value co-creation behavior plays a significant role in shaping the behavioral intentions of ski tourists.Investigating the influencing mechanisms of ski tourists'behavioral intentions from a value co-creation perspective is crucial for the high-quality development of ski tourism.Based on the Fogg Behavior Model,this study constructs a research model examining the effect of ski tourists'value co-creation behavior on their behavioral intentions.A total of 342 valid questionnaires were collected from six 5 S -rated ski resorts in Xinjiang as case sites.Empirical analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis.The results indicate that：1）Ski tourists'value co-creation behavior significantly and positively impacts the perceived value,satisfaction,and behavioral intentions.2）Both perceived value and satisfaction significantly and positively influence behavioral intentions.3）Value co-creation behavior indirectly promotes behavioral intentions to varying degrees through the mediating roles of perceived value and satisfaction. 4）The configurational analysis reveals three patterns and four pathways leading to behavioral intentions,with interactive behavior,perceived cost value,and satisfaction serving as core driving conditions.This study unveils the formation mechanism of ski tourists'behavioral intentions from a value co-creation perspective,providing empirical insights for the high-quality development of ski tourism.

Monitoring and assessing flash droughts can significantly enhance the forecast accuracy and timeliness of hydrological droughts,providing a theoretical foundation for improved water resource management.To investigate the propagation characteristics from flash drought to hydrological drought,this study employs the pentad-scale（5-day）Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index（SPEI）and Standardized Runoff Index（SRI）to comparatively analyze the propagation features and distinctions between meteorological drought／ flash drought and hydrological drought.The synergistic effects of intensity-duration during propagation are further explored.Key findings include：1）Flash drought frequency,intensity,and duration exhibit a slight increasing trend,with significant growth in western Chongqing.2）Spatially,high-incidence zones form a belt along the Yangtze River,where flash drought intensity and duration in hilly areas exceed those in mountainous regions.3）Drought propagation occurs within 1-2 months,with the intensity of flash drought propagating to hydrological drought surpassing that of meteorological drought.＂Low-frequency yet high-intensity＂response zones exist in western and northeastern Chongqing 4）The propagation rate reaches 100％ in northeastern mountainous areas,while intensity transfer shows nonlinear decay（mild flash droughts trigger moderate hydrological droughts with higher probability than moderate／severe events）,revealing a specific intensity threshold that enhances propagation efficiency.

To address the issue of coarse spatial resolution in existing reanalysis soil moisture products for arid regions,which hinders their application in refined hydrological studies,this study aims to develop a high- precision spatial downscaling method suitable for such environments.Taking Ningxia as a case study and utilizing in-situ data from 37 meteorological stations,this research selected multi-source high-resolution auxiliary variables-including meteorological,vegetation,topographic,and soil attributes.A downscaling framework based on an ensemble learning model was constructed using a residual correction strategy,following a comparison of various single machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest and Support Vector Regression.The results indicate that the ensemble model achieved the best comprehensive performance.The final downscaled product achieved coefficients of determination（R²）of 0.768 and 0.704 ,and Root Mean Square Errors（RMSE）of 0.024m³/m³ and 0.029m³/m³ in temporal independent validation and spatial cross-validation,respectively. The method not only effectively corrected the systematic overestimation bias of ERA5-Land but also significantly enhanced the spatial detail regarding local topography and vegetation patterns.The study demonstrates that the proposed framework accurately captures the physical response mechanisms of key environmental factors,such as slope and land surface temperature,exhibiting excellent spatiotemporal generalization and robustness across different validation scenarios.The generated 1 km high-resolution dataset provides reliable data support for regional water resource management,drought monitoring,and precision agriculture in arid regions.

This study addresses the conflict between ecological fragility and cultural heritage conservation in the Great Wall Heritage Corridor within the Jingbian section of the Mu Us Sandy Land.It aims to explore synergistic pathways for desert ecological restoration and cultural heritage preservation,resolve habitat stability issues under constraints of water resources,vegetation degradation,and recreational disturbances,and achieve sustainable management of wilderness landscapes in ecologically sensitive areas.Based on a wilderness quality grading framework and integrating multi-source data-including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（NDVI） and Digital Elevation Model（DEM）-with local desertification control experience,the corridor was partitioned into a sandy native vegetation conservation area,a riparian oasis restoration area,and a Great Wall site ecological buffer zone.Differentiated strategies such as grazing prohibition with enclosure,gradient configuration of arboreal -shrub-herbaceous composite vegetation,and an interspersed pattern of artificial forest patches with succession windows were implemented.These were combined with four-dimensional landscape dynamic regulation and wilderness recreation management to establish a three-tiered synergistic protection network.Results indicate that the gradient-based design effectively balances restoration requirements with conservation flexibility,validating the applicability of this system for heritage corridors in arid zones.The study proposes a composite corridor design model emphasizing ecological-cultural synergy,providing a new paradigm for heritage conservation in extreme arid regions.

Assessing the potential ecological pressure exerted by tourism routes on national parks（NPs）is essential for achieving sustainable development.This study links recreational resource points in the Qinghai Lake National Park（QLNP）creation area into ecotourism routes and uses administrative villages as carrying units to evaluate the tourism eco-environmental pressure index（TEPI）.The framework integrates indicators of＂living-production- ecology＂（L-P-E）carrying capacity,ecological sensitivity,and potential tourist attraction,and identifies the spatial distribution and clustering characteristics of TEPI.The results reveal that：1）The L-P-E carrying capacity in the QLNP creation area is generally higher in lake-surrounding zones and lower in non-lake areas,while highly ecological-sensitive zones are mainly located around flagship-species habitats and core protection areas. Correspondingly,the village-level static TEPI presents a decreasing gradient from the＂lake shore-nearshore -outer zone＂.2）After incorporating travel time into the assessment,the dynamically adjusted index TEPI _Adj exhibits a spatial pattern of higher values in the north-south corridors and lower values in the east-west sectors, with the cumulative TEPI _Adj values of the six official ecotourism routes ranging between 8. 332 and 13.036, among which the loop self-driving route around the lake shows the highest potential eco-environmental pressure. 3）Based on K -medoids clustering,administrative villages along the routes can be grouped into three types, with high-pressure segments mainly concentrated in Cluster- 1 units characterized by higher L-P-E carrying capacity,moderate ecological sensitivity,and strong tourist attraction,while highly sensitive and low-capacity units are relatively avoided.Potential tourist attraction is the key factor driving TEPI _Adj differences among clusters and shaping high-pressure corridors.This study provides new insights and methodological implications for ecotourism route evaluation and environmental pressure assessment in protected areas.

Taking ecological public toilets in the Tibetan region as a case,this study uses field survey data to examine the public's willingness to pay（WTP）for eco-friendly infrastructure on the Tibetan Plateau and to identify the effects and mechanisms of environmental cognition and environmental attitudes on payment decisions. Results indicate that：1）Overall WTP is higher：approximately 68％ of respondents express willingness to pay for ecological public toilets,with an average payment of 1.41 yuan per use.2）Environmental cognition exerts a dual influence on WTP：value cognition significantly increases both the likelihood and level of payment,whereas risk cognition suppresses payment behavior.3）Environmental attitudes serve as a key mediating mechanism. Public preference for the environmental attributes of ecological toilets and their pro-environmental participation intentions form the psychological foundation that links cognition to payment behavior.4）Significant heterogeneity exists across identity,gender,household registration,and residential location,reflecting differentiated behavioral responses under the Plateau's unique ecological and socioeconomic conditions.These findings provide empirical evidence and policy insights for promoting eco-friendly public infrastructure,implementing differentiated pricing mechanisms,and designing sustainable operation and maintenance models suited to the Tibetan Plateau.

Ecological products value realization is an important path for balancing the protection and development of national parks and promoting the coordinated development of ecology,production,and livelihoods.Based on multiple typical cases,this study systematically sorts out the typical models for realizing the value of ecological products in national parks,analyzes the characteristic differences in spatial context,product attributes,and leading subjects under three models：vertical ecological compensation,franchised operation of ecological experiences,and ecological industrialization,examines the applicable conditions and advantages／disadvantages of benefits of different value realization models for ecological products,and clarifies their endogenous logic based on the social-ecological system theory.The results reveal that：1）The participation of multiple subjects is conducive to the realization of the value of ecological products in national parks.Measures such as the differentiated definition of property rights and the transformation of market role positioning can improve the efficiency of resource value realization.2）There are certain differences in spatial context,product attributes,and leading subjects among the three typical models,but there are no strict boundaries among them.The construction of a composite model helps to form a stable ecological governance structure. 3 ）Factors including resource systems,actors,institutional mechanisms,and market supply and demand,exert an impact on the realization models and outcomes of the value of ecological products,and attention should be paid to objective factors such as the ecosystem base and market development level.

Under the background of the＂dual carbon＂strategy,promoting the green transformation of animal husbandry is crucial for sustainable agricultural development.Using panel data from the animal husbandry sector across 30 provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities）in China from 2005 to 2023,this study employs a super-efficiency SBM model combined with the GML index to measure the green total factor productivity （GTFP）of animal husbandry.Furthermore,a spatial Durbin model is constructed to systematically analyze the direct effects,indirect effects,and regional heterogeneity of industrial agglomeration.The results indicate that： 1）China's GTFP of animal husbandry generally exhibits a fluctuating upward trend with significant regional disparities：it is the highest in the eastern region,followed by the central region,and the lowest in the western region.2）A significant inverted＂U＂-shaped relationship exists between industrial agglomeration and GTFP, suggesting that moderate agglomeration promotes efficiency while excessive agglomeration inhibits growth.3） Industrial agglomeration generates significant spatial spillover effects on neighboring regions,which also follow an inverted＂U＂-shaped pattern.Notably,the inflection point of the indirect effect is lower than that of the direct effect,implying that neighboring regions are negatively impacted by increasing agglomeration sooner than the local region.4）Regional heterogeneity analysis reveals that regarding direct effects,the eastern,central,and western regions all demonstrate an inverted＂U＂-shaped relationship,with the inflection points appearing sequentially later from east to west.Regarding indirect effects,the eastern and central regions exhibit an inverted ＂U＂-shape,whereas the western region shows a＂U＂-shape,reflecting regional differentiation in spatial spillover directions.This study contributes by revealing the nonlinear impact of industrial agglomeration on green efficiency of animal husbandry and clarifying regional spatial differences,thereby providing references for optimizing regional agglomeration patterns and advancing green coordinated development.

To address the prominent contradiction between constraints of territorial space planning and land use demand in underdeveloped regions,as well as deviations in the implementation of planning strategics caused by uncertainty in the macro-effects of land economic activities,based on data from 2011 to 2022,this study takes Guyuan City,Ningxia as an example,to conduct a predictive research on three scenarios using method of NSGA -II.Results reveal that：1）Under indirect constraints of territorial space planning,neither the scenario of solely pursuing＂economic scale priority＂nor＂eco-efficiency priority＂is appropriate,as the corresponding predicted target values exhibit a trade-off relationship.The GDP in the＂coupling equilibrium of economic scale and eco-efficiency＂scenario is closer to the target GDP that is predicted under the＂economic scale priority＂ scenario,which helps alleviate underdevelopment,meanwhile,its eco-efficiency value is closer to the target eco -efficiency value that is predicted under the＂ecological efficiency priority＂scenario,thus balancing the eecological protection goals.2）Under direct constraints,all three scenarios indicate a significant increase in forest land,a decrease in garden land and grassland,and slight fluctuations in arable land.Construction land decreases only in the coupling equilibrium scenario,with land type conversion occurring within the forest-grass system,leading to the most stable land structure.3）The＂eco-efficiency priority＂scenario fails to change the underdeveloped status and simply relies on the adjustment of garden land,making it difficult to achieve green high-quality development goals.Accordingly,under constraints of territorial space planning,it should choose the coupling equilibrium development mode for underdeveloped regions,while single goals are prone to deviations from actual results.In the short term,reducing construction land and expanding forest land are priority,while improving technical levels is needed in the long term.Additionally,incorporating＂GDP and eco-efficiency＂ into the territorial space planning inspection and evaluation index system can enhance the early warning function, to support the orientation of territorial space planning goals and effectiveness of total amount control,and reduce deviations from actual results.

Overgrazing remains a prominent challenge to grassland ecological conservation,and information asymmetry in herders'access to key production resources is one of its major contributing factors.Enhancing digital literacy can improve herders'ability to obtain relevant information,reduce their dependence on natural grasslands,and thereby facilitate a transition toward more ecologically friendly livestock management practices. Based on micro-level survey data from herdsmen,this study constructs a multidimensional measure of digital literacy-encompassing digital information literacy,digital social literacy,digital financial literacy,and digital security literacy-and empirically examines the impact and mechanisms of digital literacy on overgrazing behavior.The results indicate that an improvement in digital literacy significantly suppresses overgrazing behavior among herdsmen.This conclusion remains robust after controlling for potential endogeneity and conducting multiple robustness checks.Further mechanism analysis indicates that digital literacy reduces herders' overgrazing behavior by improving the reliability of information search.Among the dimensions of information search reliability,the mediating effects of grassland leasing information reliability and forage price information reliability are the most prominent,whereas the mediating effect of livestock breeding technology information reliability is not significant.In addition,the effects of different dimensions of digital literacy on overgrazing vary markedly,with digital social literacy and digital financial literacy demonstrating stronger inhibitory effects.Based on these findings,this study recommends accelerating digital literacy initiatives in pastoral areas,with a particular focus on strengthening digital social and financial literacy,implementing differentiated intervention strategies based on the degree of overgrazing,and improving the rural information service system to reduce information search reliability.

Organizational resilience is the theoretical basis for guide enterprises to improve their viability and maintain their competitive advantage in a complex and dynamic environment.However,the existing research has paid less attention to the influencing factors and mechanism of small tourism enterprises in shaping organizational resilience.This research takes Miao Village in Xijiang as a case and the operators of small tourism enterprises as the research object,constructs a research framework including social capital,psychological capital,dynamic capability,organizational learning and organizational resilience,and applies structural equation modeling（SEM） to examine the pathway effects and mechanisms of organizational resilience in small tourism enterprises by constructing a＂social-psychological＂dual capital integration model.The results reveal that：1）Social capital and psychological capital exert significant positive effects on organizational resilience of small tourism enterprises. 2）Dynamic capability plays a part of intermediary role in the social capital and psychological capital impacting organizational resilience of small tourism enterprises. 3 ）Organizational learning plays a significant positive moderating role in the social capital and psychological capital impacting dynamic capabilities,and it also exerts a significant moderating effect in the mediating pathway（social capital／psychological capital ⟶ dynamic capabilities → organizational resilience）.The findings of this study provide significant theoretical and practical implications for the standardized management and adaptive regulation of small tourism enterprises.

The quality and safety of agricultural products are the source and foundation of food safety,and they are also an important issue related to people's livelihood.How to fundamentally motivate farmers'enthusiasm and enhance their willingness to adhere to quality and safety standards in the agricultural product production process is of great significance for ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products.Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior,this study introduces the core enterprise constraint variables to construct a research framework for analyzing farmers'willingness to engage in quality and safety behaviors.The structural equation model is used to empirically analyze the influencing factors and formation mechanism of farmers'willingness to engage in quality and safety behaviors.The results indicate that：Firstly,the constraints of the core enterprise, behavioral attitudes,subjective norms,and perceived behavioral control all significantly and positively impact farmers'willingness to engage in quality and safety behaviors,but their effects weaken successively.Secondly, the constraints of the core enterprise and the subjective norms not only directly promote the willingness of farmers to engage in quality-related behaviors,but also indirectly influence the willingness of farmers to engage in quality-related behaviors through their behavioral attitudes,and the mediating effect is significant.Finally, several solutions are proposed,including optimizing the design of the core enterprise's constraint mechanism, enhancing farmers'awareness,strengthening subjective norms,and strengthening perceptual behavior control.

Achieving low-carbon emissions from cultivated land is crucial for promoting sustainable agricultural development.To clarify the micro-level impact of rural labor force aging on cultivated land carbon emissions and its underlying mechanisms,this study conducts a series of empirical test by employing least squares regression and mediation effect model based on survey data from 848 grain-farming households along Yellow River basin in Shandong Province.The findings reveal：1）Rural labor force aging significantly reduces carbon emission intensity from farmland,a conclusion that holds after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests.2） Mechanism analysis from the perspective of production decision adjustments indicates that achieving large-scale farmland management,accelerating agricultural technological progress,and enhancing agricultural socialized services are three key pathways through which rural labor force aging influences farmland carbon emission intensity. 3）Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the suppression effect of rural labor force aging on arable land carbon emissions is more pronounced in regions with higher household income levels,higher education attainment,and larger arable land scales.Based on these findings,a policy combination is proposed：guiding the realization of intensive and scaled arable land management,promoting green agricultural technological innovation,and improving the socialized service system.This approach transforms the pressure of labor force aging into new momentum for green arable land production,providing micro-level evidence for achieving the＂dual carbon＂ goals.

Exploring identification,evaluation and utilization pattern of brand genes of tea-culture-tourism in ethnic villages are of great significance to promote the integrated development of tea-culture-tourism and rural revitalization in ethnic areas.Based on brand gene theory and coordination thinking of＂tea culture,tea industry and tea technology＂,taking the Dazhong village,a typical ethnic village in western Yunnan as an example,this study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods,including participatory observation,in-depth interview and AHP-FCE model,to classify and identify the brand genes of tea-culture-tourism and evaluate their utilization potential.The results reveal that：1）The brand gene identification framework for tea-culture- tourism consists of 4 gene dimensions and 14 sub-dimensions,each brand gene has its distinct regional and diverse characteristics by identifying.2）The comprehensive evaluation of brand genes utilization potential ranks at the＂better＂level.The ranking order of evaluation values for brand genes in the gene dimension are as follows： O 4 basal genes >01 core genes >02 derivative genes >03 associated genes. 78.57％ of brand genes in the gene sub-dimension and their evaluation results are＂better＂and＂best＂levels,indicating high utilization value and significant potential for tea-culture-tourism brand genes.3）Therefore,we have screened and combined the brand genes of tea-culture-tourism,it could be summarized as an integrated＂six in one＂ utilization pattern,and its specific practical paths are put forward.The results contribute to a deeper understanding of＂tea culture,tea industry and tea technology＂coordination thinking,and provide theoretical framework and practical guidance for promoting deep integration development of tea-culture-tourism in ethnic regions.

Promoting farmers'adoption of green production technologies is crucial for achieving sustainable agricultural development.Using panel data from the＂Hundred Villages and Thousand Households＂Survey in Jiangxi Province,the economic effects of farmers'adoption of green production technologies were empirically analyzed using the fixed effect model and the moderating effect model.The results indicate that：1）Although the farmers'adoption of green production technologies has not produced significant cost-saving effects in the short term,it can enhance the overall economic effect by promoting farmers'income growth.2）The economic effects of farmers'adoption of green production technologies exhibit heterogeneity across different regions and technology types.Specifically,the economic effects of adopting green production technologies among farmers in the northern Jiangxi region are significantly higher than those in the southern Jiangxi region,and the economic effects of adopting capital-intensive green production technologies are significantly higher than those of adopting labor- intensive green production technologies.3）Both the Internet channel and interpersonal and organizational channels play positive moderating roles in the economic effect of farmers'adoption of green production technologies,among which the moderating effect of the Internet channel is stronger.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the policy incentive system for farmers'adoption of green production technologies,implement differentiated promotion strategies based on regional endowments and technological attributes,and promote the channel integration of the Internet and social networks to systematically enhance the economic efficiency of farmers'adoption of green production technologies.

Wind farm operations can potentially disturb the local thermal environment by altering the land surface energy balance,with particularly pronounced effects in ecologically fragile desert steppe regions.This study focuses on the desert steppe of Urad Middle Banner in Inner Mongolia.The period 2005-2007 was selected as the pre -construction phase,and 2022-2024 as the stable operation phase.The wind farm area was designated as the study region,while an upwind area without turbines served as the control.A some of sample sites were established across both regions to compare land surface temperature（LST）changes before and after wind farm construction and between the two areas.Using MODIS LST products and diurnal LST data being extracted via Google Earth Engine（GEE）,we applied the regional anomaly of land surface temperature（RALST）method to systematically assess the thermal disturbance effects of wind farm operations on the desert steppe.The results reveal that：1） Wind farm operation induces a significant diurnal asymmetry effect,characterized by daytime cooling (0.68℃ on average）and nighttime warming（+1.37℃ on average）.2）The disturbance exhibits clear seasonal variations：nighttime warming is the strongest in winter and spring,while daytime cooling is more prominent in summer and autumn.Extreme nighttime warming occurs in January（+2.74℃）and April（+3.52℃）,and the most intense daytime cooling is observed in September (-1.94℃).3）Spatially,∆RALST values are generally higher in turbine-dense areas,especially for nighttime warming,while some sites in the control region show cooling effects.This suggests that turbine density,layout,and underlying surface conditions jointly regulate the intensity of the disturbance.Nighttime warming is mainly attributed to enhanced turbulence mixing from turbines,which disrupts the inversion layer and brings warmer air downward,while daytime cooling is closely related to blade shading effects and the redistribution of surface energy.

The grassland soil respiration of arid and semi-arid region plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle,which may be strongly regulated by land-use patterns.Four sample sites：croplands abandoned for 10 years（R10）, 15 years（R15）and 20 years（R20）,and natural grassland（NG）were selected to study the effects of restoration duration on soil respiration and its components in desert steppe in Inner Mongolia.The results revealed that the restoration succession significantly increased the soil respiration and its components（ soil total respiration (SR_TOT),autotrophic respiration (SR_A),heterotrophic respiration (SR_H) ）.the longer the restoration duration was,the higher the SR_TOT was,with the SR_TOT of R 20 being 114％higher than that of R 10 . However,they were all lower than those on natural grasslands.After 20 years of restoration,SR_TOT recovered to 85％ of the level in natural grassland,but the recovery situation of each component was inconsistent：(SR_A) recovered only 76％,while SR_H recovered up to 96％.The plant below-ground biomass,soil water content, and root／shoot ratio were the main controlling factors for SR_A ,while SR_H was primarily influenced by the soil microbial biomass,soil water content,and root／shoot ratio.The increase in restoration duration promoted soil respiration by improving the supply of carbon substrates for respiration and increasing the organisms biomass that generate respiration primarily.Furthermore,the experiment found the increase in soil microbial biomass promoted (SR_A) much more than (SR_H) ,which suggest that the recovery of (SR_A) in abandoned cropland might be strongly constrained by unknown factors associated with soil microbial biomass,such as nutrient mineralization rates.This study reveals the effects of restoration duration on soil respiration and its components in abandoned cropland,providing the theoretical basis for the＂Grain for Green＂project and grassland ecosystem restoration in the agro-pastoral ecotone in north of Yinshan Mountain.

In arid and semi-arid regions,farmland ploughing during the wind erosion season exposes the soil surface and significantly intensifies soil wind erosion.Accurately identifying the spatiotemporal distribution of ploughed land is therefore essential for improving regional wind erosion assessments.Taking Kangbao County- located in the core area of the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Control Project and the Capital Two Zones Construction-as the study area,this research integrates field survey samples with Sentinel- 2 imagery to analyze spectral index characteristics of ploughed land and residue-covered land during the wind erosion season. Classification thresholds are derived to construct a time-series high-confidence sample set,and a Random Forest（ RF）model is used to identify ploughed land and analyze its spatiotemporal dynamics and impacts on soil wind erosion.The results reveal that：1）quantifying the contribution of each band in identification of land types by using the Maximal Information Criterion（ MIC ）,confirming a Logistic index that composes of bands B6,B7, B8 and B8A-as well as NDTI, RI_(11,12),and BSI,all of them combined together can effectively overcome the weak spectral separability between ploughed and residue-covered land.2）Using Otsu's method to determine classification thresholds,and applying a multi-index consistency strategy to build a high-confidence sample library,which greatly enhances sample purity and representativeness.3）Based on time-series high- confidence samples,the RF model achieves multi-temporal ploughed-land identification with an overall accuracy above 0.96 and a Kappa coefficient above 0.92 ,demonstrating high robustness and generalization ability even under limited field samples and strong spatiotemporal variability.