伊犁河流域农户对高标准农田建设成效的评价
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黄伟豪(2000-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区生态环境与可持续发展研究方向. E-mail: 15777761544@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-12-16
修回日期: 2025-01-24
网络出版日期: 2025-08-14
基金资助
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0504)
Evaluation of farmers’ perspective on the effectiveness of high-standard farmland construction in the Ili River Basin
Received date: 2024-12-16
Revised date: 2025-01-24
Online published: 2025-08-14
充分利用水资源进行高标准农田建设是当前伊犁河流域农业发展的重要任务之一。然而,目前缺乏农户对已开展的高标准农田建设的评价研究。本文通过对伊犁河流域11个县市98户实施高标准农田建设的农户进行调查,从农户的视角对流域高标准农田建设成效进行评价。对高标准农田建设满意或非常满意的农户占92.9%,分别有89.9%、99.9%、52.1%、50%、87.7%和98.0%的农户认为高标准农田建设在灌溉条件优化、农作物产量提升、耕地平整度提高、耕地障碍物减少、田间道路优化和机械化水平提高方面取得明显成效,仅有9.2%和30.6%的农户认为高标准农田建设以后减少了农药和化肥施用。与小规模种植农户(种植规模<6.667 hm2)相比,大规模种植农户(>6.667 hm2)对提升耕地平整度、减少障碍物、修建田间道路、提高机械化水平、减少农药施用和提升产量方面的感知更明显。汉族和少数民族农户对高标准农田建设的总体满意度均较高,但与少数民族农户相比,汉族农户对产量提升和田间道路优化方面的感知更为明显。本研究表明农户对于伊犁河流域高标准农田建设总体满意度较高,尤其在灌溉条件提升、田间道路优化和机械化提升和产量提升方面取得了明显的成效。建议后续逐步提升流域高标准农田建设的生态化水平,从而促进流域农业发展的绿色生态转型。
黄伟豪 , 兰珊 , 张艺圩 , 张恒瑞 , 曹文馨 , 赵心玥 , 郭雅欣 , 陈朋朋 , 李少帅 , 吴文良 , 王庆刚 . 伊犁河流域农户对高标准农田建设成效的评价[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025 , 42(4) : 766 -774 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.04.16
Utilizing abundant water resources for high-standard farmland construction is a key task in agricultural development in the Ili River Basin. However, there is limited research evaluating these projects from farmers’ perspectives. This study surveyed 98 farmers from 11 counties in the Ili River Basin who are involved in high-standard farmland construction to assess the effectiveness of these projects. The results show that 92.9% of the farmers expressed satisfaction or strong satisfaction with the projects. Specifically, 89.9%, 99.9%, 52.1%, 50%, 87.7%, and 98.0% of the farmers acknowledged significant improvements in irrigation conditions, crop yield, land leveling, reduction of field obstacles, field road construction, and mechanization levels, respectively. Only 9.2% and 30.6% perceived reductions in pesticide and fertilizer use after the projects. Compared with small-scale farmers (cultivating <6.667 hm2), large-scale farmers (cultivating >6.667 hm2) have a more pronounced perception of improvements in land leveling, reduction of field obstacles, field road construction, mechanization levels, pesticide use reduction, and yield improvement. Both Han and minority ethnic farmers expressed high overall satisfaction with the projects. However, Han farmers perceived more significant improvements in yield and field road construction than minority ethic farmers. This study indicates that farmers in the Ili River Basin are generally satisfied with the high-standard farmland constructions, particularly improvements in irrigation conditions, field road construction, mechanization levels, and yield improvement. It is recommended to gradually enhance the ecological aspects of high-standard farmland constructions to promote the green transformation of agricultural development in the region.
图3 农户对伊犁河流域高标准农田建设成效的评价注:在灌溉优化情况、田间道路优化、机械化程度提升、耕地平整度减少和耕地障碍物减少中蓝色表示明显优化、提升或减少,白色表示有所优化、提升或减少,红色表示无优化、提升。在产量提升、化肥施用减少和农药施用减少中蓝色表示提升或减少30%以上,白色表示提升或减少30%以下,红色表示无提升或减少。在满意度中蓝色表示非常满意,浅蓝色表示满意,白色表示较为满意,浅红色表示一般,红色表示不满意,图中比例为0。 Fig. 3 Farmers’ evaluation of the effectiveness of high-standard farmland construction in the Yili River Basin |
表1 不同种植规模农户对高标准农田建设成效评价的比较Tab. 1 Comparison of evaluations on the effectiveness of high-standard farmland construction by farmers with different crop cultivation scales |
| 变量 | 农户类型 | P值 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小规模 | 大规模 | ||||
| 产量 | 无提高 | 0(0.0%) | 1(2.1%) | 6.323 | P=0.026 |
| 提高30%以下 | 38(74.5%) | 24(51.1%) | |||
| 提高30%以上 | 13(25.5%) | 22(46.8%) | |||
| 灌溉优化 | 明显优化 | 49(96.1%) | 39(83.0%) | 3.263 | P=0.045 |
| 有所优化 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | |||
| 无优化 | 2(3.9%) | 8(17.0%) | |||
| 耕地平整度 | 无提升 | 32(62.7%) | 15(31.9%) | 16.135 | P<0.001 |
| 有所提升 | 12(23.5%) | 8(17.0%) | |||
| 明显提升 | 7(13.7%) | 24(51.1%) | |||
| 障碍物减少 | 无提升 | 33(64.1%) | 16(34.0%) | 17.880 | P<0.001 |
| 有所提升 | 12(23.5%) | 7(14.9%) | |||
| 明显提升 | 6(11.8%) | 24(51.1%) | |||
| 机械化程度 | 无提升 | 0(0.0%) | 2(3.9%) | 14.838 | P<0.001 |
| 有所提升 | 51(100.0%) | 35(74.5%) | |||
| 明显提升 | 0(0.0%) | 10(21.3%) | |||
| 田间道路优化 | 无优化 | 8(15.6%) | 0(0.0%) | 8.036 | P=0.018 |
| 有所优化 | 2(3.9%) | 2(4.3%) | |||
| 明显优化 | 41(80.3%) | 45(95.7%) | |||
| 化肥施用减少 | 无减少 | 39(76.5%) | 29(61.7%) | 1.864 | P=0.172 |
| 减少30%以下 | 12(23.5%) | 18(38.3%) | |||
| 减少30%以上 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | |||
| 农药施用减少 | 无减少 | 51(100.0%) | 38(80.9%) | 10.754 | P<0.01 |
| 减少30%以下 | 0(0.0%) | 6(12.8%) | |||
| 减少30%以上 | 0(0.0%) | 3(6.4%) | |||
| 总体满意度 | 不满意 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0.552 | P=0.907 |
| 一般 | 1(2.0%) | 1(2.1%) | |||
| 较满意 | 2(3.9%) | 3(6.4%) | |||
| 满意 | 18(35.3%) | 14(29.8%) | |||
| 非常满意 | 30(58.8%) | 29(61.7%) | |||
注:小规模种植农户为种植规模小于6.667 hm2的农户,大规模种植农户的种植规模大于6.667 hm2。 |
表2 不同民族农户对高标准农田建设成效评价的比较Tab. 2 Comparison of evaluations on the effectiveness of high-standard farmland construction by farmers from different ethnic groups |
| 变量 | 农户类型 | P值 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 少数民族 | 汉族 | ||||
| 产量 | 无提高 | 0(0.0%) | 1(1.96%) | 22.440 | P<0.001 |
| 提高30%以下 | 41(87.2%) | 21(41.2%) | |||
| 提高30%以上 | 6(12.8%) | 29(56.9%) | |||
| 灌溉优化 | 明显优化 | 45(95.7%) | 43(84.3%) | 2.352 | P=0.125 |
| 有所优化 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | |||
| 无优化 | 2(4.3%) | 8(15.7%) | |||
| 耕地平整度 | 无提升 | 28(59.6) | 19(37.3%) | 5.576 | P=0.062 |
| 有所提升 | 6(12.8%) | 14(27.5%) | |||
| 明显提升 | 13(27.7%) | 18(35.3%) | |||
| 障碍物减少 | 无提升 | 29(61.7%) | 20(39.2%) | 5.278 | P=0.075 |
| 有所提升 | 6(12.8%) | 13(25.5%) | |||
| 明显提升 | 12(25.5%) | 18(35.3%) | |||
| 机械化程度 | 无提升 | 0(0.0%) | 2(3.9%) | 3.489 | P=0.175 |
| 有所提升 | 44(93.6%) | 42(82.4%) | |||
| 明显提升 | 3(6.4%) | 7(13.7%) | |||
| 田间道路优化 | 无优化 | 8(17%) | 0(0.0%) | 9.527 | P<0.001 |
| 有所优化 | 2(4.3%) | 2(3.9%) | |||
| 明显优化 | 37(78.7%) | 49(96.1%) | |||
| 化肥施用减少 | 无减少 | 33(70.2%) | 35(68.6%) | <0.001 | P=1.000 |
| 减少30%以下 | 14(29.8%) | 16(31.4%) | |||
| 减少30%以上 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | |||
| 农药施用减少 | 无减少 | 45(95.7%) | 44(86.3%) | 3.521 | P=0.172 |
| 减少30%以下 | 2(4.3%) | 4(7.8%) | |||
| 减少30%以上 | 0(0.0%) | 3(5.9%) | |||
| 总体满意度 | 不满意 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 3.660 | P=0.301 |
| 一般 | 0(0.0%) | 2(3.9%) | |||
| 较满意 | 1(2.1%) | 4(7.8%) | |||
| 满意 | 16(34.0%) | 16(31.4%) | |||
| 非常满意 | 30(63.8%) | 29(56.9%) | |||
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