土壤微生物群落对放牧的响应及其与环境因子的关系
江康威(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为草地生态恢复. E-mail: waff981021@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-09-24
修回日期: 2024-11-20
网络出版日期: 2025-08-13
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(2522GZRJJ)
国家自然科学基金项目(31960338)
国家自然科学基金项目(41561103)
东北师范大学植被生态科学教育部重点实验室开放项目(130026533)
Responses of soil microbial communities to grazing and their relationship with environmental factors
Received date: 2024-09-24
Revised date: 2024-11-20
Online published: 2025-08-13
江康威 , 王亚菲 , 刘晨通 , 李宏 , 吕程 , 吐尔逊娜依·热依木 , 张青青 . 土壤微生物群落对放牧的响应及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025 , 42(3) : 467 -479 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.07
To explore the differences in the responses of different soil microbial community characteristics to grazing intensity, grasslands with different grazing intensities in the middle section of the northern slopes of Tianshan Mountains were selected as a focus for this study. Combining field investigation and indoor analysis, the changing patterns of soil microbial community characteristics with grazing intensity and their intrinsic correlation with soil factors were analyzed. The results showed that Actinobacteria and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla of bacteria and fungi, respectively. Compared with the findings upon heavy grazing, light grazing significantly increased the alpha diversity of microbial communities (P<0.05) and promoted the accumulation of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents. Redundancy analysis and Mantel test showed that the soil microbial community characteristics were positively correlated with the soil total nitrogen and negatively correlated with the soil bulk density (P<0.05). Furthermore, the structural equation model showed that grazing negatively impacted the microbial diversity, richness, biomass, and OTUs characteristics by increasing the bulk density and reducing the soil nutrients (P<0.05). Compared with other indicators, soil microbial community diversity was more sensitive to grazing. In summary, light grazing is conducive to improving the microbial community, and reasonable regulation of grazing intensity is a feasible strategy to ensure the stable development of microbial communities.
表1 研究区植物群落基本特征Tab. 1 Basic characteristics of plant communities in the study area |
放牧强度 | |||
---|---|---|---|
轻度放牧 | 重度放牧 | 未放牧 | |
植物优势种 | 细果薹草+针茅+无芒雀麦 (Carex stenocarpa+Stipa capillata+Bromus inermis) | 醉马草+细果薹草+平车前(Achnatherum inebrians+Carex stenocarpa+Plantago depressa) | 针茅+羊茅+草地早熟禾 (Carex stenocarpa+Festuca ovina+Poa pratensis) |
高度/cm | 18.12±2.15b | 11.53±1.68c | 24.83±2.86a |
盖度/% | 92±5.23a | 63±3.76b | 84±3.51a |
生物量/(g·m-2) | 186.75±16.73b | 78.24±6.91c | 223.89±14.36a |
土壤有机碳/(g·kg-1) | 94.40±2.92a | 91.04±3.39a | 64.05±2.63b |
土壤全氮/(g·kg-1) | 2.56±0.55ab | 2.96±0.49a | 1.35±0.46b |
全磷/(g·kg-1) | 0.85±0.08a | 0.88±0.06a | 0.71±0.03b |
全钾/(g·kg-1) | 10.93±0.57a | 9.10±0.43ab | 8.15±0.42b |
速效氮/(mg·kg-1) | 118.46±22.79ab | 129.24±22.91a | 86.04±21.70b |
速效磷/(mg·kg-1) | 25.60±1.36a | 20.29±2.23ab | 13.91±1.27b |
速效钾/(mg·kg-1) | 438.78±43.11a | 356.49±48.51ab | 304.18±45.99b |
土壤密度/(g·cm-3) | 0.65±0.03b | 0.66±0.01b | 0.82±0.04a |
土壤含水量/% | 0.47±0.04ab | 0.60±0.03a | 0.41±0.02b |
土壤pH | 7.71±0.08a | 7.55±0.15a | 7.15±0.14a |
注:表中数值为平均值±标准误;不同小写字母表示差异性显著。 |
图8 放牧干扰下土壤微生物群落多样性、丰富度、生物量和OTUs与土壤理化因子的冗余分析注:SOC为有机碳;AN为速效氮;AP为速效磷;AK为速效钾;TN为全氮;TP为全磷;TK为全钾;pH为酸碱度;SW为含水量;BD为容重;FαD为真菌α多样性;BαD为细菌α多样性;FβD为真菌β多样性;BβD为细菌β多样性;FA为真菌ACE指数;BA为细菌ACE指数;FC为真菌Chao1指数;BC为细菌Chao1指数;MBC为微生物量碳;MBN为微生物量氮;MBP为微生物量磷;BOTUs为细菌OTU数目;FOTUs为真菌OTU数目。下同。 Fig. 8 Redundancy analysis of soil microbial community diversity, richness, biomass, OTUs and soil physicochemical factors under grazing disturbance |
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