Spatiotemporal changes of snow depth and climate attribution in the Three River Source Region from 1980 to 2020 based on remote sensing monitoring
Received date: 2025-03-06
Revised date: 2025-05-26
Online published: 2026-03-11
Changes in the snowpack in the Three Rivers Source Region have important implications for regional and global climate, the hydrological cycle, and ecosystems. However, systematic, long-term monitoring of snow depth dynamics and climate attribution based on remotely sensed data across regions and elevation gradients remains limited. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of snow depth change in the Three Rivers Source Region from 1980 to 2020 using remote sensing data stratified by subregions and elevation bands, and quantified the relative contributions of temperature and precipitation. The results show that (1) Snow depth in the Three Rivers Source Region exhibited pronounced spatial heterogeneity over the past 41 years, with average snow depth in high-elevation mountain ranges generally exceeding 3 cm and maximum snow depth generally exceeding 6 cm. Average and maximum snow depths decreased significantly at rates of 0.15 cm·(10a)-1 and 0.49 cm·(10a)-1, respectively. A decreasing trend was observed in average snow depth across 68.44% of the region and in maximum snow depth across 63.83% of the region, with significantly decreasing areas accounting for 15.64% and 7.47%, respectively. (2) Pronounced regional and altitudinal differences in snow depth and its changes were observed, with the highest mean and maximum snow depths (2.41 cm and 9.86 cm, respectively) and the fastest decreasing rates [0.37 cm·(10a)-1 and 0.81 cm·(10a)-1, respectively] occurring in the Lancang River source area. Snow depth increased with altitude, with vertical gradients of 0.49 cm·km-1 for mean snow depth and 1.29 cm·km-1 for maximum snow depth. Mean snow depth declined across all elevation bands except the 3.5-4.5 km and >6.0 km bands, whereas maximum snow depth declined across all elevation bands except the 3.5-4.5 km band, with the fastest decrease occurring in the 5.0-5.5 km band. (3) The pronounced “warming and humidifying” climate trend over the past 41 years is the primary driver of snow depth decline in the Three Rivers Source Region, with temperature identified as the dominant controlling factor. The influence of climate change exhibits clear regional and altitudinal differences, with snow depth reductions particularly evident in low-altitude (<3.5 km) and high-altitude (>4.5 km) areas. These findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing snow water resource allocation, ecosystem protection and restoration, and predicting regional climate change trends in the Three Rivers Source Region.
Xiaoyun CAO , Bingrong ZHOU , Chunmiao LEI , Zhiyuan LIU , Feifei SHI , Yuqian YAN . Spatiotemporal changes of snow depth and climate attribution in the Three River Source Region from 1980 to 2020 based on remote sensing monitoring[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026 , 49(2) : 356 -368 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.118
图5 1980—2020年三江源地区雪深年际变化速率及其显著性检验空间分布Fig. 5 Spatial distributions of interannual variation rate of snow depth and its significance test in the Three River Source Region from 1980 to 2020 |
表1 1980—2020 年三江源地区不同区域雪深年际变化速率及其显著性检验统计Tab. 1 Interannual variation rate of snow depth and its significance test in different regions of the Three River Source Region from 1980 to 2020 |
| 区域 | 年际变化速率 /10 cm·(10a)-1 | 不显著减小面积 占比/% | 显著减小面积 占比/% | 不显著增加面积 占比/% | 显著增加面积 占比/% | 无变化面积 占比/% | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均 雪深 | 最大 雪深 | 平均 雪深 | 最大 雪深 | 平均 雪深 | 最大 雪深 | 平均 雪深 | 最大 雪深 | 平均 雪深 | 最大 雪深 | 平均 雪深 | 最大 雪深 | ||||||
| 澜沧江源区 | -3.73 | -8.14 | 43.47 | 90.67 | 56.53 | 9.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||
| 黄河源区 | -0.15 | 0.31 | 45.79 | 36.58 | 8.28 | 0.00 | 45.79 | 62.35 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.07 | |||||
| 长江源区 | -0.62 | -2.58 | 62.06 | 73.42 | 27.45 | 13.32 | 10.10 | 12.51 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.76 | |||||
| 三江源地区 | -1.48 | -4.90 | 52.80 | 56.36 | 15.64 | 7.47 | 27.38 | 33.25 | 2.90 | 1.52 | 1.28 | 1.39 | |||||
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