Research on the spatial differentiation pattern and driving factors of Chinese ski resorts from a multi-scale perspective
Received date: 2024-09-03
Revised date: 2024-12-03
Online published: 2026-03-11
This study examines the spatial distribution patterns of 899 ski resorts across China from a multi-scale perspective, integrating national natural geographical zones and provincial regions. Using spatial analysis techniques including the Voronoi coefficient of variation, kernel density estimation, and geographic detector models, we investigated both the spatial differentiation characteristics and driving factors of Chinese ski resort distribution. Our analysis revealed three key findings: (1) Regional distribution pattern: China’s ski resorts exhibit a distinct “dense in the north, sparse in the south, more in the east, less in the west” spatial configuration. The primary concentrations appear in north China, northeast China, east China, and northwest China. (2) Spatial agglomeration structure: A “one core, three areas, multiple facets” pattern emerges at the national scale. High-density areas are predominantly concentrated in northeast China (Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces), north China (Beijing City, Hebei Province), and northwest China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province). By contrast, central, south china, and southwest China show a sparse distribution of ski resorts. (3) Hierarchical driving factors: The determinants of ski resort spatial differentiation rank as follows: Natural environment>transport capacity>socio-economic development>tourism development level. Significant interaction exists among these factors, primarily through dual-factor enhancement mechanisms, demonstrating that both environmental and socioeconomic variables jointly shape spatial distribution. Based on these findings, we recommend leveraging spatial agglomeration advantages, implementing regionally differentiated development strategies, and strengthening infrastructure to promote high-quality development of China’s winter sports economy.
Key words: multi-scale; ski field; spatial pattern; geographic detector; driving factors
Peipei WANG , Jiao WANG , Yongmei CAI . Research on the spatial differentiation pattern and driving factors of Chinese ski resorts from a multi-scale perspective[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025 , 48(6) : 1080 -1088 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.526
表1 中国滑雪场Voronoi多边形变异系数分析结果Tab. 1 Analysis results of Voronoi polygon coefficient of variation in Chinese ski resorts |
| 分区 | Voronoi多边形面积变异系数/% |
|---|---|
| 东北地区 | 395.46 |
| 华北地区 | 556.93 |
| 华东地区 | 633.74 |
| 华南地区 | 163.59 |
| 华中地区 | 117.55 |
| 西北地区 | 315.66 |
| 西南地区 | 451.19 |
| 总计 | 604.37 |
表2 全国滑雪场时空分异影响因素数据来源与处理Tab. 2 Data sources and processing of factors affecting the temporal differentiation of ski resorts in China |
| 维度 | 指标 | 标号 |
|---|---|---|
| 自然环境 | 高程 | X1 |
| 坡度 | X2 | |
| 气温 | X3 | |
| 降水量 | X4 | |
| 旅游发展水平 | 旅游总收入 | X5 |
| 旅游接待总人次 | X6 | |
| 星级饭店数量 | X7 | |
| 社会经济发展 | 人均GDP | X8 |
| 人均可支配收入 | X9 | |
| 第三产业增加值比重 | X10 | |
| 交通运输能力 | 高速公路综合密度 | X11 |
| 铁路网综合密度 | X12 | |
| 旅客周转量 | X13 |
表3 单因子探测结果Tab. 3 Single factor detection results |
| 指标 | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 | X11 | X12 | X13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| q | 0.077 | 0.200 | 0.350 | 0.377 | 0.021 | 0.019 | 0.057 | 0.032 | 0.089 | 0.032 | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.081 |
| P | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.227 | 0.277 | 0.010 | 0.090 | 0.000 | 0.090 | 0.043 | 0.061 | 0.000 |
| 排序 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 5 |
注:q为解释力水平;P为显著性水平。 |
表4 交互因子探测结果Tab. 4 Results of interaction factor detection |
| 因子 | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 | X11 | X12 | X13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X1 | 0.077 | ||||||||||||
| X2 | 0.624 | 0.200 | |||||||||||
| X3 | 0.788 | 0.777 | 0.350 | ||||||||||
| X4 | 0.630 | 0.550 | 0.501 | 0.377 | |||||||||
| X5 | 0.398 | 0.783 | 0.657 | 0.766 | 0.021 | ||||||||
| X6 | 0.425 | 0.683 | 0.469 | 0.722 | 0.070 | 0.019 | |||||||
| X7 | 0.448 | 0.350 | 0.530 | 0.589 | 0.292 | 0.235 | 0.057 | ||||||
| X8 | 0.298 | 0.689 | 0.714 | 0.482 | 0.468 | 0.790 | 0.554 | 0.032 | |||||
| X9 | 0.527 | 0.357 | 0.367 | 0.472 | 0.700 | 0.444 | 0.317 | 0.684 | 0.089 | ||||
| X10 | 0.298 | 0.689 | 0.714 | 0.482 | 0.468 | 0.790 | 0.554 | 0.037 | 0.684 | 0.032 | |||
| X11 | 0.234 | 0.346 | 0.773 | 0.645 | 0.472 | 0.420 | 0.384 | 0.236 | 0.460 | 0.236 | 0.041 | ||
| X12 | 0.325 | 0.361 | 0.662 | 0.711 | 0.391 | 0.402 | 0.335 | 0.233 | 0.534 | 0.233 | 0.142 | 0.036 | |
| X13 | 0.578 | 0.701 | 0.749 | 0.787 | 0.210 | 0.258 | 0.330 | 0.376 | 0.640 | 0.376 | 0.507 | 0.383 | 0.081 |
注:对角线为单因子交互结果,灰色底纹为双因子非线性增强型,其他为双因子增强型。 |
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