Effects and driving factors of ecosystem service trade-offs in the Longdong Loess Plateau, China
Received date: 2024-03-06
Revised date: 2024-06-17
Online published: 2026-03-11
Quantifying spatial and temporal changes in ecosystem services and analyzing trade-offs and influencing factors are essential for restoring regional ecological functions. This study focuses on the Longdong Loess Plateau of Gansu Province, China, evaluating four key ecosystem services: water yield, grain provision, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration. The assessment was conducted using the InVEST model, and the Sen+Mann-Kendall method was applied to analyze spatial and temporal change trends of ecosystem services from 2001 to 2020. Trade-off effects among ecosystem services were quantified through correlation analysis and root mean square deviation. Additionally, the geodetector method was used to explore the driving factors of these trade-offs. The findings indicated that: (1) Over the past 20 years, water yield, grain provision, and soil conservation in the Longdong Loess Plateau showed no significant increases, while carbon sequestration demonstrated a notable upward trend. (2) Trade-off effects among ecosystem services exhibited spatial variation. Trade-offs between water yield and grain provision were primarily concentrated in the southeastern region of the Longdong Loess Plateau, while trade-offs between grain provision and soil conservation were distributed in the southern region of the Longdong Loess Plateau, and the degree of trade-offs declined over time. The trends of the degree of trade-offs between grain provision and carbon sequestration showed significant regional increases. (3) The trade-off effects of ecosystem services were influenced by a combination of natural and human factors, with annual precipitation identified as the primary driver. This study provides a scientific basis for regional ecological planning and strategies to enhance ecosystem service quality by addressing trade-off effects.
Xueyu HUANG , Lina XIU , Zhixiang LU . Effects and driving factors of ecosystem service trade-offs in the Longdong Loess Plateau, China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025 , 48(3) : 480 -493 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.151
表1 显著性检验及分级Tab. 1 Significance test and grading |
| 变化趋势 | 检验 | 分级标准 |
|---|---|---|
| β>0 | Z>1.96 | 显著增加 |
| β>0 | ∣Z∣<1.96 | 不显著增加 |
| β=0 | ∣Z∣<1.96 | 基本不变 |
| β<0 | ∣Z∣<1.96 | 不显著减少 |
| β<0 | Z<1.96 | 显著减少 |
注: 为生态系统服务的变化趋势;Z为显著性检验统计量。 |
表2 单因子探测结果Tab. 2 Single-factor detection results |
| 生态系统服务 | 年份 | 自然因素 | 人为因素 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEM | 土地利用 | NDVI | 年降水量 | 坡度 | 年均气温 | 土壤类型 | GDP | 人口密度 | |||
| 产水量与粮食供给 | 2001 | 0.241 | 0.122 | 0.312 | 0.829 | 0.016 | 0.212 | 0.067 | 0.643 | 0.534 | |
| 2010 | 0.242 | 0.128 | 0.393 | 0.829 | 0.016 | 0.207 | 0.067 | 0.533 | 0.508 | ||
| 2020 | 0.241 | 0.175 | 0.381 | 0.819 | 0.016 | 0.214 | 0.067 | 0.407 | 0.561 | ||
| 产水量与壤保持 | 2001 | 0.207 | 0.177 | 0.329 | 0.815 | 0.062 | 0.241 | 0.098 | 0.653 | 0.560 | |
| 2010 | 0.205 | 0.180 | 0.304 | 0.815 | 0.062 | 0.236 | 0.098 | 0.526 | 0.560 | ||
| 2020 | 0.206 | 0.217 | 0.279 | 0.759 | 0.063 | 0.239 | 0.098 | 0.415 | 0.611 | ||
| 产水量与固碳 | 2001 | 0.309 | 0.144 | 0.177 | 0.569 | 0.036 | 0.420 | 0.089 | 0.518 | 0.495 | |
| 2010 | 0.309 | 0.139 | 0.195 | 0.569 | 0.036 | 0.426 | 0.089 | 0.432 | 0.490 | ||
| 2020 | 0.309 | 0.131 | 0.200 | 0.549 | 0.036 | 0.416 | 0.089 | 0.298 | 0.536 | ||
| 粮食供给与土壤保持 | 2001 | 0.121 | 0.091 | 0.108 | 0.156 | 0.050 | 0.091 | 0.018 | 0.114 | 0.108 | |
| 2010 | 0.122 | 0.103 | 0.169 | 0.156 | 0.049 | 0.089 | 0.018 | 0.093 | 0.102 | ||
| 2020 | 0.121 | 0.109 | 0.130 | 0.182 | 0.050 | 0.089 | 0.018 | 0.087 | 0.093 | ||
| 粮食供给与固碳 | 2001 | 0.101 | 0.310 | 0.449 | 0.423 | 0.026 | 0.088 | 0.088 | 0.336 | 0.270 | |
| 2010 | 0.101 | 0.321 | 0.481 | 0.424 | 0.026 | 0.092 | 0.088 | 0.295 | 0.241 | ||
| 2020 | 0.101 | 0.357 | 0.457 | 0.436 | 0.026 | 0.104 | 0.088 | 0.245 | 0.268 | ||
| 土壤保持与固碳 | 2001 | 0.060 | 0.286 | 0.454 | 0.462 | 0.054 | 0.074 | 0.096 | 0.356 | 0.304 | |
| 2010 | 0.059 | 0.283 | 0.352 | 0.462 | 0.054 | 0.077 | 0.096 | 0.185 | 0.300 | ||
| 2020 | 0.059 | 0.324 | 0.352 | 0.424 | 0.054 | 0.088 | 0.096 | 0.273 | 0.352 | ||
注:DEM为高程;NDVI为归一化植被指数;GDP为国内生产总值。 |
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