Estimation of crop stubble biomass in the Bashang region of Zhangjiakou by combining optics and radar remote sensing
Received date: 2024-03-14
Revised date: 2024-05-24
Online published: 2026-03-11
Non-photosynthetic vegetation, such as crop stubble, plays a crucial role in material cycling and energy flow in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. It also significantly contributes to inhibiting soil erosion, retaining soil moisture, and promoting soil development. The Bashang region of Zhangjiakou Hebei Province, China is a core area for the ecological construction of Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm control and the development of the two capital areas. Estimating crop stubble biomass in this region using remote sensing is essential for evaluating regional wind erosion, the ecological environment, and the carbon and nitrogen cycles. This study utilized measured crop stubble biomass, Sentinel-2 optical images, and Sentinel-1 radar images to construct optical and radar remote sensing indices of crop stubble. Using optimal index normalization and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, an estimation model combining optical and radar remote sensing was developed to calculate and analyze crop stubble biomass in the Bashang region from 2017 to 2023. The results show that: (1) Among the optical remote sensing indices, the RI(11,12) index, derived from Sentinel-2 short-wave infrared bands (B11 and B12), showed the highest correlation with crop stubble biomass, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.744. For radar remote sensing indices, the cross-polarization (VH) backscattering coefficient had the highest correlation with crop stubble biomass, achieving an R2 of 0.409. (2) The multivariate linear stepwise regression model demonstrated the highest accuracy, with an R2 of 0.796 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 8.84 g·m-2, making it a reliable predictor of crop stubble biomass. (3) The estimation model incorporating both optical and radar remote sensing indices improved prediction accuracy by approximately 9.72% compared to optical remote sensing alone and by 66.74% compared to radar remote sensing alone. (4) From 2017 to 2023, the average annual crop stubble biomass in the Bashang region was 23.74×104 t, exhibiting a fluctuating downward trend. Annual variations in crop stubble biomass were influenced by air temperature and precipitation, while changes in planting structures driven by land transfer policies were a significant factor contributing to the decline in recent years.
Kaixin YU , Jifeng LI , Tianle ZHEN , Xialei ZHANG , Huiru LI , Zhongling GUO , Chunping CHANG , Xueqing ZHAO . Estimation of crop stubble biomass in the Bashang region of Zhangjiakou by combining optics and radar remote sensing[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025 , 48(3) : 455 -466 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.169
表1 光学遥感指数与实测作物残茬生物量的线性回归Tab. 1 Linear regression between optical remote sensing indices and measured crop stubble biomass |
| 光学遥感指数 | 公式 | 回归方程 | R2 | RMSE/g·m-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NDI(11,12) | y=1025.8x+15.856 | 0.738** | 9.81 | |
| NDI(9,12) | y=412.85x+127.98 | 0.479** | 13.85 | |
| NDI(8A,12) | y=395.85x+127.38 | 0.401** | 14.36 | |
| RI(11,12) | y=448.03x-425.06 | 0.744** | 9.70 | |
| RI(12,11) | y=580.98x+595.84 | 0.732** | 9.92 | |
| RI(9,12) | y=249.89x-118.13 | 0.483** | 13.79 |
注:NDI(11,12)、NDI(9,12)、NDI(8A,12)分别为Sentinel-2影像的B11和B12波段、B9和B12波段、B8A和B12波段构建的标准归一化差值指数(NDI);RI(11,12)、RI(12,11)、RI(9,12)分别为Sentinel-2影像的B11和B12波段、B12和B11波段、B9和B12波段构建的比值指数(RI);R(8A)、R(9)、R(11)、R(12)分别为Sentinel-2影像的B8A、B9、B11、B12波段的反射率;R2为决定系数;RMSE为均方根误差;**表示模型在P<0.01水平上显著。下同。 |
表2 光学-雷达遥感结合估算模型Tab. 2 Optical-radar remote sensing combined estimation model |
| 模型名称 | 回归方程 | R2 | RMSE/g·m-2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| VH×NDI(11,12) | y=79.935x+65.077 | 0.701** | 10.48 |
| VH×NDI(9,12) | y=82.827x+67.081 | 0.606** | 12.03 |
| VH×NDI(8A,12) | y=84.679x+66.392 | 0.572** | 12.55 |
| VH×RI(11,12) | y=80.584x+65.463 | 0.705** | 10.41 |
| VH×RI(12,11) | y=-57.735x+97.404 | 0.100 | 18.20 |
| VH×RI(9,12) | y=84.533x+67.768 | 0.605** | 12.06 |
| 多元线性逐步回归模型 | y=354.133RI(11,12)+70.914RI(9,12)+ 1.477(VH+VV)-321.174 | 0.796** | 8.84 |
注:VH为交叉极化;VV为垂直同极化。 |
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