Impact of urban expansion on habitat quality in the northern Tianshan Mountain economic zone
Received date: 2025-02-16
Revised date: 2025-04-11
Online published: 2026-03-11
Rapid urbanization and the attendant spatial expansion of urban regions can alter the structure of ecosystems, degrade habitat quality, and thereby impact sustainable development. Investigating the effects of urban expansion on habitat quality is crucial for the rational allocation of land use and supporting the restoration and reconstruction of ecosystems. This study focuses on the northern Tianshan Mountain economic zone (NTMEZ) in Xinjiang, China, where future urban expansion scenarios from 2024 to 2050 under different socioeconomic pathways are predicted using the Land Use Scenario Dynamic-Urban (LUSD-urban) model. The spatiotemporal changes in habitat quality from 2000 to 2050 in the region are also assessed. The results show that: (1) Between 2000 and 2023, urban land in the NTMEZ rapidly expanded from 551.72 km2 to 1756.11 km2, with an annual expansion rate of 54.70 km2. From 2023 to 2050, under the fossil fuel pathway, urban land expansion is expected to be most significant, whereas under the regional competition pathway, expansion is expected to be least pronounced. The area of urban land is expected to further expand to between 3176.27 km2 and 3859.20 km2, with an annual expansion rate ranging from 244.03 km2 to 369.38 km2. (2) From 2000 to 2023, habitat quality in the NTMEZ declined from 0.551 to 0.520, representing a loss rate of 5.574%. From 2023 to 2050, habitat quality is expected to continue to decrease, with an anticipated loss of 0.57×10-2‒0.82×10-2, corresponding to a loss rate of 1.10%~1.58%. (3) The main driver of habitat quality loss is the encroachment of urban land on grasslands. In future urban planning and management, greater emphasis should be placed on the restoration of ecological land in the NTMEZ to ensure the region’s sustainable development.
Yanwen WANG , Huan YANG , Peiyue TU , Hao DING , Ying JING , Chao HE . Impact of urban expansion on habitat quality in the northern Tianshan Mountain economic zone[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025 , 48(12) : 2232 -2246 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.074
表1 本研究使用数据信息Tab. 1 Data information in this study |
| 数据名称 | 类型(分辨率) | 时间跨度 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 过去的人口、GDP | 统计数据 | 2000—2023年 | 《中国统计年鉴》 |
| 未来的人口、GDP | 栅格数据/0.5° | 2024—2050年 | Science Data Bank Platform, https://www.scidb.cn/en/detail?dataSetId=73c1ddbd79e54638bd0ca2a6bd48e3ff |
| 土地利用/覆盖(LULC) | 栅格数据/30 m | 2000—2023年 | China Land Cover Dataset, https://zenodo.org/records/8176941 |
| 高程、坡度 | 栅格数据/90 m | 2000年 | Google Earth Engine,SRTM Digital Elevation Data (Version 4) |
| 行政区划、城市中心 | 矢量数据 | 2023年 | 标准地图服务, http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/index.html |
| 路网、河流 | 矢量数据 | 2013、2023年 | Open Street Map, https://www.openstreetmap.org |
表2 2000—2023年天山北坡经济带城市用地及生境质量变化Tab. 2 Changes of urban land use and habitat quality in the northern Tianshan Mountain economic zone from 2000 to 2023 |
| 城市 | 城市用地 | 生境质量 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000年 | 2023年 | 扩张面积/km2 | 扩张率/% | 趋势/km2·a-1 | 2000年 | 2023年 | 损失 | 损失率/% | 趋势/a-1 | ||
| 温泉县 | 0.23 | 3.44 | 3.21 | 1395.65 | 0.12 | 0.777 | 0.746 | 0.031 | 3.946 | -0.006 | |
| 博乐市 | 30.37 | 90.29 | 59.92 | 197.30 | 2.56 | 0.694 | 0.672 | 0.022 | 3.182 | -0.004 | |
| 精河县 | 26.41 | 270.41 | 244.00 | 923.89 | 10.04 | 0.578 | 0.547 | 0.031 | 5.418 | -0.006 | |
| 乌苏市 | 53.06 | 192.23 | 139.17 | 262.29 | 6.92 | 0.596 | 0.580 | 0.015 | 2.551 | -0.004 | |
| 克拉玛依市 | 15.82 | 82.91 | 67.09 | 424.08 | 3.08 | 0.324 | 0.309 | 0.015 | 4.679 | -0.003 | |
| 奎屯市 | 28.80 | 98.30 | 69.50 | 241.32 | 3.48 | 0.760 | 0.636 | 0.123 | 16.248 | -0.029 | |
| 沙湾市 | 23.84 | 105.12 | 81.28 | 340.94 | 3.70 | 0.575 | 0.553 | 0.021 | 3.739 | -0.006 | |
| 石河子市 | 19.78 | 80.17 | 60.39 | 305.31 | 2.91 | 0.553 | 0.527 | 0.027 | 4.851 | -0.005 | |
| 玛纳斯县 | 20.52 | 80.34 | 59.82 | 291.52 | 2.82 | 0.492 | 0.488 | 0.005 | 0.952 | -0.001 | |
| 呼图壁县 | 11.43 | 47.82 | 36.39 | 318.37 | 1.76 | 0.597 | 0.562 | 0.035 | 5.810 | -0.011 | |
| 昌吉市 | 33.16 | 107.79 | 74.63 | 225.06 | 3.51 | 0.611 | 0.570 | 0.042 | 6.827 | -0.009 | |
| 米泉市 | 49.93 | 124.79 | 74.86 | 149.93 | 3.52 | 0.493 | 0.462 | 0.031 | 6.302 | -0.007 | |
| 阜康市 | 12.43 | 41.68 | 29.25 | 235.32 | 1.38 | 0.491 | 0.428 | 0.063 | 12.886 | -0.013 | |
| 吉木萨尔县 | 5.29 | 18.11 | 12.82 | 242.34 | 0.54 | 0.494 | 0.438 | 0.056 | 11.289 | -0.009 | |
| 奇台县 | 9.29 | 24.46 | 15.17 | 163.29 | 0.63 | 0.387 | 0.364 | 0.022 | 5.805 | -0.005 | |
| 木垒哈萨克县 | 22.55 | 23.37 | 0.82 | 3.64 | 0.01 | 0.586 | 0.530 | 0.056 | 9.622 | -0.010 | |
| 乌鲁木齐市 | 188.81 | 364.88 | 176.07 | 93.25 | 7.56 | 0.674 | 0.615 | 0.059 | 8.738 | -0.012 | |
| 整体 | 551.72 | 1756.11 | 1204.39 | 218.30 | 54.70 | 0.551 | 0.520 | 0.031 | 5.574 | -0.008 | |
图5 2000—2023年天山北坡经济带城市用地面积变化及2024—2050年城市用地需求注:SSP1~SSP5分别为可持续路径、中间路径、区域竞争路径、不平等路径、化石燃料依赖路径。下同。 Fig. 5 Changes in urban land area in the northern Tianshan Mountain economic zone from 2000 to 2023 and urban land demand from 2024 to 2050 |
表3 2023—2050年天山北坡经济带城市用地及生境质量变化Tab. 3 Changes of urban land use and habitat quality in the northern Tianshan Mountain economic zone from 2023 to 2050 |
| 城市 | 城市用地 | 生境质量 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023—2050年扩张面积/km2 | 扩张率/% | 趋势/km2·a-1 | 2023—2050年损失/10-2 | 损失率/% | 趋势/10-3·a-1 | ||
| 温泉县 | 0.02~0.03 | 0.58~0.87 | 0.00~0.01 | 0.00~0.00 | 0.00~0.00 | 0.00~0.00 | |
| 博乐市 | 51.64~69.02 | 57.19~76.44 | 9.01~12.88 | 0.35~0.46 | 0.52~0.69 | -0.86~-0.61 | |
| 精河县 | 129.59~195.43 | 47.92~72.27 | 24.31~38.13 | 0.50~0.75 | 0.91~1.37 | -1.47~-0.94 | |
| 乌苏市 | 215.74~335.97 | 112.23~174.78 | 37.58~57.39 | 0.81~1.23 | 1.40~2.13 | -2.18~-1.42 | |
| 克拉玛依市 | 90.95~178.02 | 109.70~214.71 | 16.42~25.76 | 0.60~1.14 | 1.94~3.69 | -1.77~-1.10 | |
| 奎屯市 | 98.68~140.91 | 100.39~143.35 | 15.69~23.39 | 3.79~5.26 | 5.95~8.26 | -8.84~-6.17 | |
| 沙湾市 | 77.77~125.63 | 73.98~119.51 | 14.02~21.69 | 0.38~0.59 | 0.69~1.07 | -1.05~-0.68 | |
| 石河子市 | 83.51~114.75 | 104.17~143.13 | 13.92~19.72 | 9.55~12.69 | 18.13~24.10 | -21.38~-15.72 | |
| 玛纳斯县 | 75.82~116.51 | 94.37~145.02 | 12.98~19.78 | 0.43~0.64 | 0.89~1.32 | -1.15~-0.74 | |
| 呼图壁县 | 57.09~84.12 | 119.39~175.91 | 10.68~15.67 | 0.41~0.60 | 0.74~1.07 | -1.15~-0.77 | |
| 昌吉市 | 123.78~184.30 | 114.83~170.98 | 21.93~33.47 | 1.10~1.61 | 1.93~2.82 | -2.99~-1.96 | |
| 米泉市 | 107.76~160.78 | 86.35~128.84 | 18.05~27.41 | 2.01~2.90 | 4.35~6.28 | -5.14~-3.37 | |
| 阜康市 | 36.70~52.41 | 88.05~125.74 | 6.65~10.03 | 0.32~0.45 | 0.74~1.05 | -0.86~-0.58 | |
| 吉木萨尔县 | 1.89~2.48 | 10.44~13.69 | 0.33~0.47 | 0.02~0.03 | 0.05~0.06 | -0.05~-0.03 | |
| 奇台县 | 1.94~2.53 | 7.93~10.34 | 0.34~0.49 | 0.01~0.01 | 0.02~0.03 | -0.02~-0.02 | |
| 木垒哈萨克县 | 0.00~0.00 | 0.00~0.00 | 0.00~0.00 | 0.00~0.00 | 0.00~0.00 | 0.00~0.00 | |
| 乌鲁木齐市 | 267.28~340.20 | 73.25~93.24 | 46.10~59.51 | 1.78~2.24 | 2.89~3.64 | -3.91~-3.06 | |
| 整体 | 1420.16~2103.09 | 80.87~119.76 | 244.03~369.38 | 0.57~0.82 | 1.10~1.58 | -1.48~-0.99 | |
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