Prediction of the ecological and water diversion impacts of the channel evolution of the Tarim River mainstream from Yingbazha to Wusiman on both banks
Received date: 2025-01-09
Revised date: 2025-02-16
Online published: 2026-03-11
To investigate the impacts of river-channel erosion and deposition evolution on the ecological sluice gates and water diversion outlets along the middle reaches of the Tarim River mainstream, Xinjiang, China, a fluvial process model of the Yingbazha-Wusiman reach under the 2018 shoreline conditions was established and validated in MIKE21 software. Incorporating the geomorphic acceleration factors, the model simulated the decadal channel evolution under varying water-sediment conditions under five hydrological scenarios (wet, normal, dry, extreme flood, and extreme drought years). The results indicate th following: (1) Significant differences in the river-regime evolution processes under different water and sediment conditions. (2) Diversion-inlet siltation, bend cutoff and bank erosion, channel straightening through meander truncation, and river course realignment in certain river regions during exceptionally heavy flood years and typical high-flow years. In particular, the scour and silting evolution intensifies with increasing incoming water and sediment volumes. The river channel is characterized by meandering paths at low water levels and straighter paths at high water levels. Meanwhile, the morphological changes under high-flow conditions have increased the operational difficulty of diverting the water through the ecological sluice gates, sometimes leading to complete water-diversion failure. For instance, when the siltation elevation at the Kahatuhedi sluice exceeded the maximum flood level by 0.71 m, the water diversion was completely blocked and the ecological water supply to the right bank was compromised. Flow-direction changes in the Yilanlike sluice also threatened the right bank embankments. In dry scenarios, the channel sinuosity increased by 6.8% (to a total length of 212.05 km), albeit with less dramatic morphological changes than in wet years. (3) To maintain the functionality of water diversion, the authors recommend proactive regulatory measures that prevent inlet siltation and bend instability in bend segments containing sluices, particularly in free meanders. These findings enhance our understanding of erosion-deposition trends in meandering reaches of the Tarim River mainstream, providing scientific guidance for future management and sustainable development of the middle reach.
Jiuzhou GAO , Lin LI . Prediction of the ecological and water diversion impacts of the channel evolution of the Tarim River mainstream from Yingbazha to Wusiman on both banks[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025 , 48(10) : 1771 -1782 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.018
表1 不同工况水沙情况Tab. 1 Water and sediment conditions under different working conditions |
| 工况 | 年径流量/108 m3 | 年输沙量/104 t |
|---|---|---|
| 特大洪水年 | 59.47 | 2602.58 |
| 典型丰水年 | 37.07 | 1363.99 |
| 典型平水年 | 28.46 | 950.40 |
| 典型枯水年 | 10.02 | 228.12 |
| 极端枯水年 | 1.83 | 22.32 |
表2 研究区域河长及弯曲系数Tab. 2 River lengths and curvature coefficients of the study area |
| 工况 | 模拟后弯曲系数 | 模拟后河长/km |
|---|---|---|
| 特大洪水年 | 1.66 | 174.36 |
| 典型丰水年 | 1.74 | 183.08 |
| 典型平水年 | 1.88 | 198.21 |
| 典型枯水年 | 2.02 | 212.05 |
| 极端枯水年 | 1.99 | 209.48 |
表3 典型丰水年工况下生态闸引水情况Tab. 3 Ecological sluice water diversion table under typical wet year conditions |
| 闸门名称 | 2018年 | 引水情况 | 2028年 | 引水情况 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 河道水位/m | 淤积体高程/m | 河道水位/m | 淤积体高程/m | |||
| 卡哈吐合地 | 927.82 | 923.13 | 正常引水 | 928.29 | 929.00 | 不能引水 |
| 新沙吉力克 | 925.23 | 921.06 | 正常引水 | 926.34 | 924.69 | 引水困难 |
| 艾买塔克塔 | 921.60 | 916.25 | 正常引水 | 923.43 | 921.24 | 引水困难 |
| 帕恰恰克 | 923.67 | 919.54 | 正常引水 | 925.56 | 924.51 | 引水困难 |
| 沙子河口 | 918.15 | 914.70 | 正常引水 | 919.65 | 918.42 | 引水困难 |
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