Temporal and spatial characteristics of drought in the Ta’e Basin from 1992 to 2022 based on the SPEI index
Received date: 2024-01-03
Revised date: 2024-02-16
Online published: 2026-03-11
The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) is a crucial indicator reflecting drought conditions. Based on the daily meteorological data of the Ta’e Basin, north Xinjiang, China over the past 31 years, the SPEI at different time scales was calculated. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of regional drought in the Ta’e Basin and the relationships between temperature, precipitation, and the SPEI were studied using the Mann-Kendall test, correlation analysis, and other methods. The results indicate that: (1) The annual and seasonal SPEI in the Ta’e Basin has been decreasing over the past 31 years, indicating a trend toward increasing drought. (2) The annual drought experienced a significant shift in 1994, while seasonal droughts exhibited significant shifts in 1995 (spring), 1992 (summer), 2009 (autumn), and 2008 (winter). (3) The spatial distribution of drought in the Ta’e Basin varies significantly, with more severe drought conditions in the north compared to the south. There is a slight increasing tendency of moist weather in Tuoli County and Tiechanggou Town. (4) Compared to temperature, precipitation has a greater impact on the SPEI, particularly spring precipitation. These findings enhance the understanding of regional drought evolution in the Ta’e Basin and provide a basis for early warning and prevention of drought in this area.
Yu LIU , Hua MEI , Wenbo FAN , Congzhe REN , Shiwei WANG , Shunshun LI . Temporal and spatial characteristics of drought in the Ta’e Basin from 1992 to 2022 based on the SPEI index[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024 , 47(8) : 1338 -1347 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.004
表1 标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)干旱等级划分标准Tab. 1 Drought classification of standard precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) |
| 等级 | SPEI值 | 类型 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | SPEI>-0.5 | 无旱 |
| 2 | -1.0<SPEI≤-0.5 | 轻旱 |
| 3 | -1.5<SPEI≤-1.0 | 中旱 |
| 4 | -2.0<SPEI≤-1.5 | 重旱 |
| 5 | SPEI≤-2.0 | 特旱 |
表2 塔额盆地各站点全年和四季气候倾向率Tab. 2 Climate tendency of each station in annual and four seasons in the Ta’e Basin /(10a)-1 |
| 站点 | 年际 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 托里县 | 0.070 | -0.033 | 0.055 | 0.243 | 0.348* |
| 塔城市 | -0.076 | -0.043 | -0.192 | 0.090 | 0.049 |
| 铁厂沟 | 0.026 | -0.071 | 0.069 | -0.073 | 0.090 |
| 161团 | -0.355* | -0.201 | -0.095 | 0.073 | -0.084 |
| 团结农场 | -0.172 | -0.196 | -0.170 | -0.055 | 0.038 |
| 167团 | -0.395* | -0.521** | -0.429* | -0.677** | 0.099 |
| 168团 | -0.290 | -0.289 | -0.425* | -0.446 | 0.049 |
| 额敏县 | -0.494** | -0.205 | -0.456** | -0.606** | 0.103 |
| 裕民县 | -0.287 | -0.215 | -0.085 | 0.053 | -0.348* |
注:**表示通过0.01显著性水平检验;*表示通过0.05显著性水平检验。下同。 |
表3 相关系数及变异系数Tab. 3 Correlation coefficients and coefficients of variations |
| 指标 | 相关系数 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | 变异系数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年均降水量/mm | 0.555** | 18.800 | 34.351 | 25.315 | 0.163 |
| 春季降水量/mm | 0.584** | 15.451 | 35.694 | 24.392 | 0.187 |
| 夏季降水量/mm | 0.397* | 20.821 | 72.489 | 32.932 | 0.320 |
| 秋季降水量/mm | 0.174 | 16.224 | 38.950 | 27.474 | 0.196 |
| 冬季降水量/mm | 0.337 | 11.060 | 31.937 | 16.461 | 0.242 |
| 年均气温/℃ | -0.463** | 5.762 | 7.862 | 7.051 | 0.072 |
| 春季气温/℃ | -0.562** | 7.366 | 11.553 | 9.307 | 0.109 |
| 夏季气温/℃ | -0.597** | 19.473 | 23.352 | 21.835 | 0.044 |
| 秋季气温/℃ | -0.237 | 5.114 | 8.232 | 6.680 | 0.107 |
| 冬季气温/℃ | 0.456** | -11.209 | -7.951 | -9.616 | -0.085 |
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