Distribution characteristics and driving factors of soil fungi between alfalfa roots in different habitats in northern Tianshan Mountains
Received date: 2023-09-11
Revised date: 2023-11-01
Online published: 2026-03-11
In agricultural ecosystems, rhizosphere microbial communities serve as the driving force for the successful cycling and transformation of nutrients and organic matter in soil, exerting a significant impact on the growth, health, and nutritional status of crops. To investigate the diversity of rhizosphere fungi in different habitats in the northern Tianshan Mountains and the driving factors behind their variations, this study employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze the diversity, structures, functions, and driving factors of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere fungi in alfalfa rhizosphere soils in mountainous and plain habitats. The results revealed that: (1) Soil nitrogen, potassium, organic matter, and enzyme activity in the mountainous alfalfa rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than those in plain alfalfa rhizosphere soil, while electrical conductivity and pH were significantly lower than those in plain alfalfa rhizosphere soil. (2) Significant differences were observed in the fungal communities in mountainous and plain soils, with the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Chao1, and ACE indices of plain alfalfa rhizosphere soil being significantly higher than those of mountainous alfalfa rhizosphere soil; additionally, the OTUs, Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices showed significantly higher values in rhizosphere soils than those in non-rhizosphere soils. (3) The dominant fungal phyla in the region were Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, and Blastocladiomycota, with notable differences in their distribution across different habitats. (4) Based on FUNGuild’s fungal functional predictions, pathogenic fungi in mountainous areas were significantly higher than those in plain areas, while arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were significantly lower in mountainous areas. (5) Redundancy analysis and Mantel tests indicated that soil pH, total nitrogen, total potassium and available potassium were the main driving factors for the differential distribution of fungal community structures in soils.
Man LI , Qizhang DENG , Yuting JING , Yong WU , Chengming ZHANG , Shan XIA , Yaping ZHAI , Pan YANG , Hongling LIU , Li ZHUANG . Distribution characteristics and driving factors of soil fungi between alfalfa roots in different habitats in northern Tianshan Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024 , 47(7) : 1187 -1198 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.499
图2 不同生境苜蓿根际土壤真菌多样性注:OTUs为操作分类单元,代表一组相似序列的聚类;Chao1是由Chao提出的用Chao1算法估计样本中所含OTU数目的指数;ACE是用来估计群落中含有OTU数目的指数;Shannon指数为香农指数。 Fig. 2 Fungal diversity in rhizosphere soil of alfalfa in different habitats |
图7 生态环境因子与真菌群落的冗余分析(RDA)Fig. 7 RDA analysis of ecological factors and fungal communities |
表1 蒙特卡洛置换检验Tab. 1 Monte Carlo permutation tests |
| 理化因子 | 重要性排名 | 解释率/% | F值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 全氮 | 1 | 88.4 | 75.9 | 0.001 |
| pH | 2 | 83.2 | 49.4 | 0.002 |
| 电导率 | 3 | 76.7 | 33.0 | 0.001 |
| 速效钾 | 4 | 61.4 | 15.9 | 0.004 |
| 全钾 | 5 | 53.5 | 11.5 | 0.008 |
| 速效磷 | 6 | 9.5 | 1.0 | 0.296 |
| 全磷 | 7 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.733 |
| 含水率 | 8 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.781 |
图8 土壤理化环境因子和土壤酶活性与真菌群落Alpha多样性和功能群落之间的Mantel分析注:TK为全钾;TN为全氮;TP为全磷;SOM为有机质;AK为速效钾;AN为碱解氮;AP为有效磷;SW为土壤含水率;EC为电导率;SCAT为过氧化氢酶;SUE为脲酶;SCL为纤维素酶;SSC为蔗糖酶;SNP为土壤中性磷酸酶。Mantel’s P是一种检验2个矩阵之间的相关性是否显著的方法,其值表示相关性检验的显著性水平;Mantel’s r是Mantel 检验的相关系数,用于衡量2个距离矩阵之间的相关性程度;Pearson’s r是皮尔逊相关系数,用于衡量2个连续变量之间的线性关系强度和方向。 Fig. 8 Mantel analysis of the relationship between soil physicochemical environmental factors, soil enzyme activity, and fungal community Alpha diversity and functional communities |
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