Evaluation and multi-scenario prediction of ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin based on PLUS model: A case of Shaanxi section
Received date: 2023-11-18
Revised date: 2024-01-18
Online published: 2026-03-11
The long-term supply and optimization of ecosystem services are critical for sustainable social development, necessitating a precise understanding of ecosystem service trends. This study integrates multi-source data, employing the InVEST model and an ecosystem service evaluation framework to analyze these trends. A comprehensive assessment of the spatiotemporal evolution of ecosystem services in the Shaanxi section of the Yellow River Basin, China, was conducted from 2000 to 2020. The PLUS model was subsequently used to simulate and forecast land use and ecosystem service changes for 2035. The findings reveal that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the spatial distribution of comprehensive ecosystem service values in the Shaanxi section exhibited a “high in the south and low in the north” pattern, with high-value areas predominantly located in the southern region. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the comprehensive ecosystem service value initially declined and then increased significantly, with high-value areas expanding from south to north. Apart from soil conservation services, the values of other ecosystem services improved to varying extents, displaying significant spatial differentiation. (3) Under the ecological protection scenario, forest area notably increased, and service levels in the central and northern regions improved markedly. Conversely, in the construction priority scenario, the expansion of construction land led to decreased service levels in the Yellow River system and pronounced clustering of affected areas. In the sustainable development scenario, both forest and construction land expanded, significantly enhancing service levels in the northern part of the study area. Based on these results, this study examines the impacts of regional social development on ecosystem services and offers zoning and control recommendations, providing valuable insights for the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
Yan ZHANG , Junnan LI , Bohua PAN . Evaluation and multi-scenario prediction of ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin based on PLUS model: A case of Shaanxi section[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024 , 47(11) : 1935 -1946 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.651
表1 多情景预测转换规则Tab. 1 Multi-scenario prediction conversion rules |
| 情景类型 | 转换规则 |
|---|---|
| 自然发展 | 保持发展趋势,不考虑未来规划,不限制特殊规则,除建设用地和水体均可彼此转换 |
| 生态保护 | 追求高生态效益,限制生态效益高等级用地向低等级转换 |
| 建设优先 | 注重经济发展,将经济效益高用地设为高等级,按照由低到高的转换原则 |
| 可持续发展 | 兼顾经济发展与生态保护,有机结合2种情景需求,耦合人地关系 |
表2 2000—2020年各生态系统服务归一化均值Tab. 2 Normalized mean values of each ecosystem service from 2000 to 2020 |
| 年份 | 碳储存 | 土壤保持 | 水源供给 | 粮食生产 | 居住资源支持 | 综合生态系统服务 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.0782 | 0.0213 | 0.3642 | 0.3535 | 0.0046 | 0.2205 |
| 2010 | 0.1127 | 0.0179 | 0.3420 | 0.4496 | 0.0085 | 0.1887 |
| 2020 | 0.1260 | 0.0103 | 0.4765 | 0.3644 | 0.0134 | 0.2461 |
表3 2020年与2035年多情景土地利用面积动态变化Tab. 3 Dynamic changes of land use area under multiple scenarios in 2020 and 2035 |
| 土地利用类型 | 2020年 | 2035年 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基准情景 | 自然发展情景 | 生态保护情景 | 建设优先情景 | 可持续发展情景 | ||||||||||
| 面积/km² | 占比/% | 面积/km² | 占比/% | 面积/km² | 占比/% | 面积/km² | 占比/% | 面积/km² | 占比/% | |||||
| 耕地 | 49501 | 37.29 | 49501 | 37.29 | 48850 | 36.80 | 48713 | 36.69 | 48288 | 36.37 | ||||
| 林地 | 23137 | 17.43 | 23823 | 17.94 | 24135 | 18.18 | 23137 | 17.43 | 24352 | 18.34 | ||||
| 草地 | 49246 | 37.09 | 48602 | 36.61 | 49111 | 36.99 | 49246 | 37.10 | 48501 | 36.53 | ||||
| 水域 | 1434 | 1.08 | 1401 | 1.05 | 1427 | 1.07 | 1434 | 1.08 | 1377 | 1.04 | ||||
| 建设用地 | 5098 | 3.84 | 5106 | 3.85 | 4948 | 3.73 | 5859 | 4.41 | 5854 | 4.41 | ||||
| 未利用地 | 4344 | 3.27 | 4327 | 3.26 | 4289 | 3.23 | 4371 | 3.29 | 4388 | 3.31 | ||||
图6 2035年综合生态系统服务多情景模拟结果Fig. 6 Multi-scenario simulation results of integrated ecosystem services in 2035 |
表4 2020年与2035年多情景综合生态系统服务各等级面积动态变化Tab. 4 Dynamic changes in the area of multi-scenario integrated ecosystem services at different levels in 2020 and 2035 |
| 综合生态系统服务等级 | 2020年 | 2035年 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基准情景 | 自然发展情景 | 生态保护情景 | 建设优先情景 | 可持续发展情景 | ||||||||||
| 面积/km² | 占比/% | 面积/km² | 占比/% | 面积/km² | 占比/% | 面积/km² | 占比/% | 面积/km² | 占比/% | |||||
| 高 | 20784 | 15.66 | 27922 | 21.03 | 40555 | 30.55 | 19790 | 14.91 | 29985 | 22.59 | ||||
| 较高 | 27362 | 20.61 | 29566 | 22.27 | 25138 | 18.93 | 25639 | 19.31 | 27979 | 21.07 | ||||
| 中等 | 58710 | 44.22 | 40072 | 30.18 | 34420 | 25.93 | 52518 | 39.56 | 39082 | 29.44 | ||||
| 较低 | 23957 | 18.05 | 27679 | 20.85 | 25388 | 19.12 | 28527 | 21.49 | 28691 | 21.61 | ||||
| 低 | 1947 | 1.47 | 7521 | 5.67 | 7259 | 5.47 | 6286 | 4.73 | 7023 | 5.29 | ||||
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