Chemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in plain area of the Qargan River Basin on the north slope of Kunlun Mountains
Received date: 2024-03-12
Revised date: 2024-05-20
Online published: 2026-03-11
Agricultural water constitutes a significant proportion of total water consumption in the Qargan River Basin. The imbalance between water supply and demand in this region has become increasingly prominent. Understanding the hydrochemical characteristics of irrigation water and groundwater in the Qargan River Basin is crucial for effective water resource allocation and ecological security within the oasis. This study examines the hydrochemical parameters, as well as the stable isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen, in river water, channel water, and groundwater from the plain areas of the basin. Data were collected through field investigations, mathematical statistical analyses, and hydrochemical methods to explore the interaction between irrigation water and groundwater. The key findings are as follows: (1) River water, channel water, and groundwater are all weakly alkaline, with elevated fluoride content in each. The predominant hydrochemical type for all water bodies is SO4·Cl-Na, with SO42- and Na+ as the dominant anion and cation, respectively. Groundwater and channel water show trends of salinization, whereas the river water quality is comparatively better. (2) The three water bodies exhibit similar hydrochemical characteristics. Ion sources in river water and channel water are primarily controlled by rock weathering, while groundwater is influenced by both rock weathering and evaporative concentration. (3) The slopes of the river water, channel water, and groundwater lines are 3.70, 0.61, and 1.42, respectively, which are lower than the slope (5.62) of the local meteoric water line (LMWL). Additionally, nearly all sampling sites for the three water bodies are distributed below the LMWL in a relatively compact manner. This suggests that river and channel waters are closely hydrologically connected to groundwater and act as the primary recharge sources, contributing 56.48% and 43.52%, respectively, to groundwater replenishment.
Wengai LYU , Yuwei JIANG , Xingyu MA , Lei LIU , Jie XUE , Bo ZHANG , Caibian HUANG . Chemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in plain area of the Qargan River Basin on the north slope of Kunlun Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024 , 47(10) : 1617 -1627 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.162
表1 河水、渠水和地下水水化学特征参数Tab. 1 Chemical characteristic parameters of river water, channel water and groundwater |
| 类型 | 统计值 | K+/mg·L-1 | Na+/mg·L-1 | Ca2+/mg·L-1 | Mg2+/mg·L-1 | Cl-/mg·L-1 | SO42-/mg·L-1 | HCO3-/mg·L-1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 河水 | 最小值 | 6.07 | 60.92 | 45.19 | 22.93 | 76.50 | 95.86 | 97.57 |
| 最大值 | 25.21 | 452.85 | 124.38 | 88.67 | 498.72 | 377.50 | 375.39 | |
| 平均值 | 10.54 | 159.36 | 77.19 | 42.22 | 181.55 | 231.49 | 169.90 | |
| 标准差 | 6.71 | 132.66 | 26.23 | 22.54 | 144.18 | 87.76 | 93.45 | |
| 变异系数 | 0.64 | 0.83 | 0.34 | 0.53 | 0.79 | 0.38 | 0.55 | |
| 渠水 | 最小值 | 4.60 | 48.72 | 48.84 | 15.93 | 58.39 | 112.87 | 91.03 |
| 最大值 | 25.59 | 295.65 | 98.94 | 112.80 | 305.97 | 312.62 | 459.47 | |
| 平均值 | 11.00 | 156.20 | 78.28 | 52.07 | 177.97 | 250.03 | 199.32 | |
| 标准差 | 7.25 | 84.14 | 19.29 | 32.40 | 84.98 | 55.67 | 137.19 | |
| 变异系数 | 0.66 | 0.54 | 0.25 | 0.62 | 0.48 | 0.22 | 0.69 | |
| 地下水 | 最小值 | 6.85 | 82.00 | 46.31 | 25.23 | 55.76 | 51.64 | 34.73 |
| 最大值 | 35.70 | 590.66 | 293.12 | 182.51 | 845.24 | 1013.45 | 319.42 | |
| 平均值 | 17.02 | 266.24 | 143.72 | 82.03 | 325.34 | 444.36 | 162.33 | |
| 标准差 | 8.89 | 155.92 | 77.53 | 46.21 | 235.20 | 309.96 | 82.74 | |
| 变异系数 | 0.52 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.51 | |
| 类型 | 统计值 | NO3-/mg·L-1 | F-/mg·L-1 | TDS/mg·L-1 | pH | δD/‰ | δ18O/‰ | |
| 河水 | 最小值 | 1.45 | 0.70 | 492.33 | 7.87 | -72.70 | -11.36 | |
| 最大值 | 5.31 | 12.12 | 1987.02 | 8.26 | -47.40 | -6.05 | ||
| 平均值 | 4.02 | 2.72 | 929.28 | 8.10 | -60.96 | -9.20 | ||
| 标准差 | 1.27 | 2.68 | 471.47 | 0.12 | 8.49 | 1.58 | ||
| 变异系数 | 1.40 | 0.99 | 0.51 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.17 | ||
| 渠水 | 最小值 | 4.41 | 1.14 | 548.33 | 7.95 | -70.70 | -14.26 | |
| 最大值 | 5.28 | 10.02 | 1589.74 | 8.31 | -54.00 | -8.38 | ||
| 平均值 | 4.67 | 3.16 | 1004.33 | 8.11 | -62.13 | -10.38 | ||
| 标准差 | 0.29 | 2.36 | 361.13 | 0.10 | 5.59 | 1.53 | ||
| 变异系数 | 0.28 | 0.75 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.15 | ||
| 地下水 | 最小值 | 1.24 | 0.49 | 490.06 | 7.69 | -60.50 | -11.58 | |
| 最大值 | 66.41 | 6.98 | 3303.16 | 8.33 | -38.10 | -8.53 | ||
| 平均值 | 17.45 | 2.65 | 1649.49 | 7.98 | -55.39 | -9.87 | ||
| 标准差 | 18.18 | 1.95 | 848.16 | 0.17 | 6.26 | 0.75 | ||
| 变异系数 | 4.62 | 0.74 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.08 |
注:TDS为溶解性总固体。 |
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