Spatiotemporal variations of vegetation in the Ili River Basin from 2000 to 2022
Received date: 2023-09-10
Revised date: 2023-12-16
Online published: 2024-06-20
The Ili River Basin, spanning China and Kazakhstan, features a delicate ecological environment. Understanding the vegetation changes throughout the basin is essential for the region’s sustainable development. This study analyzed spatiotemporal vegetation variations in the Ili River Basin from 2000 to 2022, utilizing enhanced vegetation index data from MODIS. We examined vegetation change disparities within and outside China’s portion of the basin, among various vegetation types, and across different elevations. Our findings reveal: (1) Since 2000, vegetation conditions have generally improved across the Ili River Basin, notably in Kazakhstan, whereas a decline was observed within China. Degraded regions are predominantly at elevations between 1000 m and 3000 m. Grasslands and croplands exhibited positive trends, in contrast to forests. (2) Over the past 20 years, the Ili River Basin experienced minor vegetation fluctuations, with more pronounced variations within China. Grasslands encountered higher fluctuations compared to croplands and forests, and the 2500 m to 3000 m elevation range showed relatively stable vegetation. (3) Future projections indicate a prevailing positive trend in vegetation across the Ili River Basin, with approximately 52% of the areas expected to see ongoing improvement. Grasslands are anticipated to have higher improvement ratios than croplands and forests. Regions below 1000 m and above 3000 m in elevation are likely to experience sustained positive changes. This study’s insights into vegetation dynamics will inform ecological protection strategies in the Ili River Basin.
Key words: MODIS EVI; change trend; sustainability; the Ili River Basin
Yaqian LI , Jianhua YANG , Haobin XIA , Jianjun WU . Spatiotemporal variations of vegetation in the Ili River Basin from 2000 to 2022[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024 , 47(5) : 741 -752 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.480
图2 伊犁河流域生长季增强型植被指数(EVI)平均值和年际变化率空间分布Fig. 2 Spatial distributions of mean values and interannual change rate of EVI during the growing seasons in the Ili River Basin |
表 1 中国境内外伊犁河流域生长季增强型植被指数(EVI)平均值面积占比Tab. 1 Area proportion of EVI mean values during the growing seasons in the Ili River Basin within and outside China |
| EVI平均值分级 | 境内面积占比/% | 境外面积占比/% |
|---|---|---|
| <0.000 | 3.43 | 0.59 |
| 0.000~0.100 | 7.46 | 24.21 |
| 0.100~0.200 | 12.13 | 53.90 |
| 0.200~0.300 | 17.06 | 11.43 |
| 0.300~0.400 | 28.26 | 6.88 |
| >0.400 | 31.66 | 2.99 |
表 2 中国境内外伊犁河流域生长季EVI年际变化率面积占比Tab. 2 Area proportion of interannual change rate of EVI during the growing seasons in the Ili River Basin within and outside China |
| EVI年际变化率/a-1 | 境内流域面积占比/% | 境外流域面积占比/% |
|---|---|---|
| <0.000 | 56.70 | 35.26 |
| 0.000~0.002 | 29.70 | 62.06 |
| 0.002~0.004 | 6.91 | 1.78 |
| 0.004~0.006 | 2.97 | 0.55 |
| >0.006 | 3.72 | 0.35 |
表3 中国境内外伊犁河流域生长季EVI变化趋势面积占比Tab. 3 Area proportion of EVI changing trend during the growing seasons in the Ili River Basin within and outside China |
| EVI变化趋势 | 境内面积占比/% | 境外面积占比/% |
|---|---|---|
| 极显著增加 | 10.96 | 3.80 |
| 显著增加 | 4.68 | 6.66 |
| 不显著增加 | 27.66 | 54.28 |
| 不显著减少 | 37.09 | 32.71 |
| 显著减少 | 7.28 | 1.49 |
| 极显著减少 | 12.33 | 1.06 |
表 4 中国境内外伊犁河流域生长季EVI波动程度面积占比Tab. 4 Area proportion of EVI fluctuation during the growing seasons in the Ili River Basin within and outside China |
| EVI波动程度 | 境内面积占比/% | 境外面积占比/% |
|---|---|---|
| 低波动 | 20.02 | 5.85 |
| 较低波动 | 49.45 | 70.93 |
| 中等波动 | 21.50 | 18.75 |
| 较高波动 | 4.38 | 3.38 |
| 高波动 | 4.65 | 1.09 |
表5 中国境内外伊犁河流域EVI未来变化趋势面积占比Tab. 5 Area proportion of the future trend of EVI in the Ili River Basin within and outside China |
| EVI未来变化趋势 | 境内面积占比/% | 境外面积占比/% |
|---|---|---|
| 由增加变减少 | 7.33 | 9.92 |
| 持续减少 | 44.71 | 23.96 |
| 持续增加 | 35.97 | 54.83 |
| 由减少变增加 | 11.99 | 11.29 |
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