Biomass and soil nutrient characteristics of five dominant plant species in the desert grassland of the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains
Received date: 2023-06-09
Revised date: 2023-07-26
Online published: 2024-06-20
To clarify the relationship between plant biomass and soil nutrients of dominant plants in desert grasslands, this study selected five dominant plant species: Peganum harmala, Setaria viridis, Festuca sinensis, Puccinellia distans, and Agropyron cristatum. We measured their biomass and root-zone soil nutrients to explore biomass allocation and its relationship with soil nutrients. The results are as follows: (1) There were significant differences in total biomass and root-shoot ratio among the five dominant plant species (P<0.05), with Peganum harmala having the highest total biomass and Puccinellia distans having the lowest. The perennial plants Peganum harmala, Puccinellia distans, Festuca sinensis, and Agropyron cristatum had most of their biomass allocated below ground, whereas the annual plant Setaria viridis had most of its biomass above ground. The order of root-shoot ratio among the five plants was as follows: Puccinellia distans>Agropyron cristatum>Festuca sinensis>Peganum harmala>Setaria viridis. (2) There were significant differences (P<0.05) in root-zone soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and their stoichiometric characteristics among the five plant species. The order of soil C:N ratio among the five plants was as follows: Puccinellia distans>Setaria viridis>Agropyron cristatum>Peganum harmala>Festuca sinensis. (3) Variations in plant biomass, root-shoot ratio, and soil nutrients varied among the plants. The root-zone soil total potassium of Peganum harmala, Setaria viridis, and Festuca sinensis and the root-zone soil moisture of Puccinellia distans and Agropyron cristatum exhibited weak variation, whereas the other plant characteristics, soil nutrients, and stoichiometric characteristics exhibited moderate variation. The biomass of the five dominant plant species exhibited a positive correlation with the root-zone soil available nitrogen and total potassium (P<0.05). The allocation of plant biomass and soil nutrient composition significantly vary among different species and life histories in the desert grassland ecosystem. In the future, it will be necessary to restore degraded desert ecosystems by applying appropriate fertilization based on the nutrient requirements of different dominant plant species.
Zhiming ZHANG , Xiaomei SUN , Duanhong BAO , Baohui YAO , Zhicheng WANG , Junhu SU . Biomass and soil nutrient characteristics of five dominant plant species in the desert grassland of the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024 , 47(4) : 662 -671 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.272
表1 祁连山北麓5种植物生物量及根冠比Tab. 1 Biomass and root-to-shoot ratio of five species at the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains |
| 物种 | 样本数 | 地上生物量 | 地下生物量 | 总生物量 | 根冠比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala) | 25 | 13.57a | 21.30a | 34.88a | 1.57cd |
| 狗尾草(Setaria viridis) | 25 | 0.59b | 0.52b | 1.10b | 0.92d |
| 中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis) | 25 | 0.26b | 1.18b | 1.44b | 2.26c |
| 碱茅(Puccinellia distans) | 25 | 0.07b | 0.24b | 0.32b | 5.19a |
| 冰草(Agropyron cristatum) | 25 | 0.42b | 1.12b | 1.55b | 3.29b |
注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。 |
表2 祁连山北麓5种植物根际土壤养分及其化学计量特征Tab. 2 Rhizosphere soil nutrients and their stoichiometric characteristics of five plants at the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains |
| 土壤指标 | 狗尾草 | 中华羊茅 | 碱茅 | 冰草 | 骆驼蓬 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWC/% | 16.2±1.05a | 10.4±1.68a | 13.36±0.46a | 16.45±0.81a | 14.84±3.95a |
| AP/mg·kg-1 | 10.82±0.44a | 11.41±6.46a | 12.34±0.24a | 11.35±0.83a | 10.55±0.29a |
| AK/mg·kg-1 | 3.54±0.41b | 1.07±0.51c | 1.58±2.31c | 7.13±1.70a | 2.85±4.50b |
| AN/mg·kg-1 | 53.99±21.38c | 95.64±10.68b | 97.31±31.87b | 98.3±0.59b | 137.27±14.58a |
| TN/g·kg-1 | 0.29±0.17b | 0.51±0.15a | 0.24±0.10b | 0.28±0.12b | 0.31±0.07b |
| TP/g·kg-1 | 2.30±0.44a | 2.59±0.13a | 0.75±0.13b | 0.84±0.27b | 0.73±0.04b |
| TK/g·kg-1 | 10.38±0.56a | 6.21±0.62b | 5.92±0.63b | 6.15±0.71b | 10.03±0.92a |
| OC/g·kg-1 | 49.93±9.44ab | 26.33±7.89c | 59.59±12.45a | 37.79±15.13bc | 22.26±10.72c |
| N:P | 0.13±0.06b | 0.20±0.07b | 0.32±0.14ab | 0.33±0.20a | 0.42±0.08a |
| C:K | 2.79±0.61bc | 2.46±0.99bc | 5.84±1.16a | 3.56±1.60b | 1.29±0.75c |
| C:P | 12.59±1.00bc | 5.90±1.80c | 45.81±13.41a | 26.19±2.56bc | 17.59±7.63c |
| C:N | 99.34±39.05b | 30.24±28.25b | 145.07±55.48a | 78.72±34.49b | 42.00±13.62b |
注:SWC为土壤含水量;AP为速效磷;AK为速效钾;AN为碱解氮;TN为全氮;TP为全磷;TK为全钾;OC为有机碳;C:N为碳氮比;C:P为碳磷比;N:P为氮磷比;C:K为碳钾比。下同。 |
表3 祁连山北麓5种植物根际土壤养分、生物量 及根冠比变异系数Tab. 3 Coefficients of variation of soil nutrients, biomass and root-shoot ratio of five plants at the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains |
| 土壤指标 | 变异系数 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 骆驼蓬 | 狗尾草 | 中华羊茅 | 碱茅 | 冰草 | |
| OC | 48.13 | 18.91 | 29.98 | 20.88 | 40.03 |
| TN | 24.10 | 44.50 | 35.15 | 47.80 | 33.74 |
| TP | 5.64 | 19.18 | 5.10 | 16.62 | 32.20 |
| TK | 9.17 | 5.42 | 9.96 | 10.65 | 11.51 |
| C:N | 33.09 | 46.91 | 68.72 | 29.86 | 50.06 |
| C:P | 43.80 | 7.94 | 30.50 | 28.51 | 9.92 |
| N:P | 18.32 | 32.94 | 38.14 | 49.34 | 44.80 |
| C:K | 56.58 | 21.79 | 39.54 | 19.73 | 44.05 |
| AN | 11.16 | 35.25 | 11.17 | 32.75 | 0.60 |
| AP | 42.62 | 3.83 | 4.47 | 18.71 | 14.96 |
| AK | 10.19 | 12.49 | 137.04 | 15.40 | 11.61 |
| SWC | 26.59 | 6.48 | 16.14 | 3.44 | 4.95 |
| Ab | 8.11 | 32.18 | 34.19 | 67.27 | 18.35 |
| Bb | 13.97 | 47.50 | 97.78 | 12.56 | 66.12 |
| Tb | 11.62 | 30.39 | 85.48 | 20.55 | 51.97 |
| R:S | 6.20 | 42.80 | 80.19 | 46.90 | 53.52 |
注:Ab为地上生物量;Bb为地下生物量;Tb为总生物量;R:S为根冠比。下同。 |
图2 植物生物量和土壤养分特征的RDA排序图注:RDA1、RDA2分别为冗余分析第一排序轴和第二排序轴。 Fig. 2 RDA ranking plot of plant biomass and soil nutrient characteristics |
表4 土壤因子与植物生物量RDA结果Tab. 4 RDA results of soil factors and plant biomass |
| 内容 | RDA1 | RDA2 |
|---|---|---|
| 特征值 | 3.0589 | 0.8496 |
| 可解释变量累计百分比 | 0.7647 | 0.2124 |
| 可解释拟合变量(累计) | 0.7647 | 0.9771 |
| 蒙特卡罗置换检验 | P<0.05 | |
注:RDA1、RDA2分别为冗余分析第一排序轴和第二排序轴。下同。 |
表5 土壤因子和植物生物量RDA排序相关系数Tab. 5 RDA ranking correlation coefficient between soil factors and plant biomass |
| 土壤因子 | RDA1 | RDA2 | R2 | Pr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWC | 0.47101 | 0.88213 | 0.1952 | 0.245 |
| AK | -0.47991 | -0.87732 | 0.1677 | 0.327 |
| AP | -0.62465 | -0.78091 | 0.0503 | 0.726 |
| AN | 0.87023 | -0.49264 | 0.4884 | 0.022 |
| TN | -0.92070 | -0.39028 | 0.0089 | 0.951 |
| TP | -0.87356 | 0.48671 | 0.1915 | 0.280 |
| TK | 0.89323 | 0.44961 | 0.4301 | 0.046 |
| OC | -0.94157 | 0.33682 | 0.2649 | 0.156 |
| N:P | 0.78968 | -0.61352 | 0.2386 | 0.193 |
| C:K | -0.99676 | -0.08045 | 0.3200 | 0.095 |
| C:P | -0.54229 | -0.84019 | 0.1281 | 0.411 |
| C:N | -0.95473 | 0.29746 | 0.1397 | 0.429 |
注:R2为决定系数;Pr为相关性的显著性检验。 |
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