Evolution and driving factors of megadrought and pluvial events in the Qilian Mountains during the past 500 years
Received date: 2023-02-21
Revised date: 2023-04-12
Online published: 2024-06-20
Qilian Mountains is a climate-sensitive area in the arid areas of northwest China, where extreme megadrought events considerably impact vegetation, frozen soil, and other ecological elements. This paper uses three hydroclimate reconstruction datasets to analyze the occurrence, evolution, and possible driving mechanism of megadrought and pluvial events in the Qilian Mountains over the past 500 years. The results showed that the climate in the Qilian Mountains has shown a clear wetting trend since the recent decades, and the wetness trend after 1951 has exceeded the range of natural variability in the historical period. The RAP dataset provided a good representation of the historical dry and wet conditions in the study area. Significant variations were observed in precipitation during the past seven megadrought events in the region, with the highest severity occurring during the drought period of 1786—1796. Furthermore, considerable variations were noted in the duration of the four megapluvial events, with the longest duration being a wet event that lasted for 42 years from 1968 to 2009. Megadrought and pluvial events were influenced by climate forcing and internal variability of sea surface temperatures (SST). The decadal SST modes in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and their phase combinations were key factors regulating the megadrought and pluvial events in the Qilian Mountains. Solar radiation exhibited an in-phase variation with the precipitation in the Qilian Mountains, while volcanic activity primarily affected megadrought events. This study highlights the importance of a long-term perspective for assessing current hydroclimate anomalies in the Qilian Mountains and including possible roles of external forcing and sea surface temperature variability in assessing the future megadrought and pluvial risks in this region.
Zijian REN , Jianglin WANG , Henian XU , Chun QIN . Evolution and driving factors of megadrought and pluvial events in the Qilian Mountains during the past 500 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024 , 47(2) : 214 -227 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.070
表1 3套气候重建数据集相关信息Tab. 1 Information of three hydroclimate reconstruction datasets |
| 数据集信息 | RAP | MADA | IGGPRE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 来源 | Shi等[31] | Cook等[32] | Shi等[33] |
| 时间 | 1470—2013年 | 1300—2005年 | 1470—2000年 |
| 季节 | 6—8月 | 6—8月 | 5—9月 |
| 分辨率 | 2.0°×2.0° | 2.5°×2.5° | 0.5°×0.5° |
| 代用指标 | 453个树轮年表71条DWI | 327个树轮年表 | 372个树轮年表107条DWI |
| 方法 | DWI的水平变换与外推,树木年轮的PPR | PPR | PPR |
| 范围 | 9.75°~56.25°N 60.25°~144.25°E | 10.00°~57.50°N 60.00°~145.00°E | 18.00°~54.00°N 72.00°~136.00°E |
注:RAP为亚洲夏季降水数据集;MADA为亚洲季风干旱数据集;IGGPRE为中国531 a多指标降水量重建数据集;DWI为干湿指数;PPR为点对点回归法。 |
表2 气候驱动因子数据集信息Tab. 2 Information about datasets of climate driving factors |
| 影响因素 | 来源 | 年份 | 代用指标 |
|---|---|---|---|
| TSI | Lean[37] | 850—2016年 | 1610年以前:冰芯和树轮记录;1610—1882年:模型估计;1610年以后:观测记录 |
| AOD | Crowley[38] | 1000—1998年 | 克里特岛和格陵兰岛的2个冰芯记录 |
| PDO | Macdonald等[39] | 993—1996年 | 北美的2个树轮年表 |
| AMV | Wang等[40] | 800—2010年 | 环北大西洋地区的46个气候代用记录 |
注:TSI为太阳总辐照度;AOD为气溶胶光学厚度;PDO为太平洋年代际振荡;AMV为大西洋年代际变率。 |
表3 RAP与IGGPRE、MADA的祁连山平均序列在年际和10 a尺度上的相关性Tab. 3 Correlation between the mean time series of the RAP and IGGPRE, and MADA in the Qilian Mountains at interannual and decadal time scales |
| 互相关 | 平滑前 | 平滑前1951—2000年 | 10 a平滑 |
|---|---|---|---|
| RAP&IGGPRE | 0.48** | 0.38** | 0.85** |
| RAP&MADA | 0.31** | 0.32* | 0.64** |
注:*表明通过了95%显著性检验,**表明通过了99%显著性检验。 |
表4 3套数据集过去重大旱涝事件Tab. 4 Comparison of megadrought and pluvial events in the three datasets over the past several centuries |
| 旱涝事件 | RAP | IGGPRE | MADA |
|---|---|---|---|
| 年代际干 旱事件 | 1 1475—1500(26) | 1475—1502(28) | 1475—1500(26) |
| 2 1582—1591(10) | - | 1585—1602(18) | |
| 3 1622—1631(10) | - | - | |
| 4 1634—1655(22) | 1645—1659(15) | 1645—1655(11) | |
| 5 1683—1703(21) | 1685—1730(46) 1685—1730(46) | - | |
| 6 1706—1725(20) | 1709—1719(11) | ||
| 7 1786—1796(11) | 1788—1799(12) | - | |
| - | - | 1919—1933(15) | |
| 年代际湿 润事件 | - | - | 1526—1553(28) |
| 1 1560—1579(20) | 1560—1583(24) | - | |
| - | - | 1607—1621(15) | |
| - | - | 1798—1812(15) | |
| 2 1898—1910(13) | 1887—1912(26) | - | |
| 3 1938—1951(14) | 1940—1952(13) | - | |
| 4 1968—2009(42) | 1966—1996(31) | 1978—1992(15) |
注:括号中数值为干旱事件持续时间(a);事件前数字为事件编号。 |
图5 1951年以来祁连山地区气候变化趋势与过去趋势对比Fig. 5 Comparison of hydroclimate trends since 1951 and that of the past centuries in the Qilian Mountains |
表5 驱动因子回归分析及共线性分析结果Tab. 5 Multiple regression and multicollinearity analysis of influence factors |
| 影响因素 | 回归分析 | 共线性分析 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 回归系数 | 显著性 | 膨胀系数(VIF) | ||
| TSI | 0.459 | ** | 1.027 | |
| AOD | -0.012 | - | 1.194 | |
| PDO | 0.088 | * | 1.068 | |
| AMV | 0.185 | ** | 1.187 | |
注:*表示通过了95%显著性检验,**表示通过了99%显著性检验。 |
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